MMI Structure Research Articles

'Click, I Guess I'm Done': Applicants' and Assessors' Experiences Transitioning to a Virtual Multiple Mini Interview Format.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical schools were forced to suspend in-person interviews and transition to a virtual Multiple Mini Interview (vMMI) format. MMIs typically comprise multiple short assessments overseen by assessors, with the aim of measuring a wide range of non-cognitive competencies. The adaptation to vMMI required medical schools to make swift changes to their MMI structure and delivery. In this paper, we focus on two specific groups greatly impacted by the decision to transition to vMMIs: medical school applicants and MMI assessors. We conducted an interpretive qualitative study to explore medical school applicants' and assessors' experiences transitioning to an asynchronous vMMI format. Ten assessors and five medical students from one Canadian medical school participated in semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed using a thematic analysis framework. Both applicants and assessors shared a mutual feeling of longing and nostalgia for an interview experience that, due to the pandemic, was understandably adapted. The most obvious forms of loss experienced - albeit in different ways - were: 1) human connection and 2) missed opportunity. Applicants and assessors described several factors that amplified their grief/loss response. These were: 1) resource availability, 2) technological concerns, and 3) the virtual interview environment. While virtual interviewing has obvious advantages, we cannot overlook that asynchronous vMMIs do not lend themselves to the same caliber of interaction and camaraderie as experienced in in-person interviews. We outline several recommendations medical schools can implement to enhance the vMMI experience for applicants and assessors.

Adsorption of 2-Mercapto-1-methylimidazole on the (√3 × 22) Reconstructed and (1 × 1) Phases of an Ordered Au(111) Electrode under Potential Control

The self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organosulfur compounds bearing an imidazole (Im) functional group can form hydrogen bonds with others and tailor specific interfacial structures used for CO2 reduction, biosensing, and corrosion prevention. The current study employed cyclic voltammetry and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to address the adsorption and structure of 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (MMI) on the reconstructed and unreconstructed Au(111) electrodes as a function of potential. The adsorbed MMI molecule assumed the unprotonated form, allowing its S- and N-ends to bind with the Au electrode at a positive potential. Molecular resolution STM images showed an ordered Au(111)–(√21 × √21)R10.9°–MMI structure. The Au–N bond could weaken and be broken at a negative potential, leading to a disordered MMI adlayer. This restructuring event was coupled with the protonation of the Im group. These processes resulted in a sharp peak, which shifted negatively by 60 mV with an increase of 1 pH unit. MMI admolecules were desorbed at a more negative potential to unveil a pitted Au surface, resulting from etching of MMI adsorption. This feature supports the S–Au–S motif for MMI adsorbed to the Au(111) electrode, irrespective of the initial Au surface structure. The effect of MMI as an additive to the deposition bath of Ni was also explored.

Design of a 2D fiber mode converter using a planar 2D multi-mode interference structure

In this work, we present a new design of a fiber mode converter using a two dimensional multi-mode interference waveguide (2D MMI) Structure. The proposed structure allows the conversion of the fundamental fiber mode LP01 to the second order LP21 fiber mode in multimode fiber. The 2D MMI is used as a 1 × 4 splitter and followed by a phase shifter to construct the proper phase map of the higher order LP21 mode. The design is based on the self- imaging properties of the 2D MMI structure and can thus be generalized to higher order modes. The proposed structure shows an insertion loss of about −0.96 dB and a Wavelength Dependent Loss (WDL) of about 0.4 dB over a spectral range of 140 nm around 1550 nm.

To analyse the performance of tapered and MMI assisted splitter on the basis of geographical parameters

A literal model using geometric examination was formulated to calculate the optimum width and length of multimode interference structure used in the 1×2 power splitter and plot electric field intensity for input and each output signal. Designing and simulation of the wavelength response of 1×2 splitter using Tapered and MMI assisted structure. Mechanism on the critical geographical parameters like length and width of MMI structure, separation distance between output ports ‘S’, arm angle ‘α’ which give the optimum power and electric field intensity for the considered necessary wavelength. Finite difference beam propagation methods have been used to simulate the conventional and tapered MMI device behaviour.

The role of maleimide structure in the healing of furan-functionalized epoxy–amine thermosets

The healing efficacy of solution-based healing agents for a furan-functionalized epoxy–amine thermoset was investigated. In particular the effects of multimaleimide (MMI) structure and solvent type on healing behaviour were explored. Two major modes of healing are observed: Diels–Alder bonding across the crack surfaces and mechanical interlocking promoted by solvent-induced swelling. MMI structure and concentration influence the degree of Diels–Alder bonding across the crack, while solvent selection affects both healing modes. It was observed that the healing agent structure influenced the healing efficiency of the thermoset at short healing times (<1 day), and long-term healing (20 days) showed statistically insignificant differences in healing for the MMI structure studies, with approximately 90% recovery of a sample's initial strength in all cases. The effect of the solvent on healing efficiency was studied using toluene and dimethylformamide (DMF). The results provide guidelines for determining the composition of healing agent solutions needed to optimize the healing performance of furan-functionalized epoxy–amine polymer networks.

Design of the Novel Optoelectronic Logic Gates Based on the Multimode Interference

Novel optoelectronic logic gates based on multimode interference structure have been proposed for the first time. Different from conventional methods, the multimode interference structure is employed to realize the logic gates function, and the proposed logic gates take advantages of the linear operation and the easy-to-implement logic function. In this chapter, the detailed investigations such as configuration of the logic gate and design rules of MMI structure have been considered. Furthermore, the lower loss can be obtained by the simulation results.

A compact photonic switch based on multimode interference with partial index‐modulation regions

AbstractIn this letter, we propose a novel 3 × 3 photonic switch based on multimode interference. The power switching between multiple output ports are controlled by changing the refractive indices of the index‐modulated regions where such self‐images occurred. For a more realistic design, the switching characteristics for this structure are numerically investigated by the finite‐difference beam propagation method (FD‐BPM). Simulation results less insertion loss and low crosstalk level of −34dB. Moreover, detailed investigations with design rules of MMI structure have been considered. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 174–176, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10268