μM Hydrogen Peroxide Research Articles

Visible light-boosted photodegradation activity of Ag–AgVO3/Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 supported heterojunctions for effective degradation of organic contaminates

Abstract One of the most important concerns in developing efficient heterojunction photocatalysts for the photodegradation of environmental contaminants is the enhancement and acceleration of photocarrier separation. In this study, novel nanocomposite photocatalysts of Ag–AgVO3 nanorods grafted with Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 metal ferrites nanoparticles were developed by using facial hydrothermal and coprecipitation techniques for the effective photodegradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B) under visible light exposure. The fabricated materials were analyzed in detail using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), nitrogen adsorption/desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), vibrating sample magnetometer, and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results showed an efficient contribution when compared to the earlier research. The TEM showed a hybrid of nanorods of supported composite with metal ferrite and Ag attached on the surface, consistent with field emission scanning electron microscopy and EDS results. The DRS expressed a lower band gap for supported nanocomposites (1.5 eV), which, arranged with PL, showed a lower recombination rate of supported nanocomposites. The surface properties showed that the supported hybrid might be as small as 45.42 nm or as large as 20.33 nm compared with others. When comparing the photocatalytic activity of pure AgVO3, Ag/AgVO3, and Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 photocatalysts, the performance of Ag–AgVO3/Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanocomposite photocatalyst was clearly superior (more than 99.9% degradation efficiency was achieved). The boosted activity the Ag–AgVO3/Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 photocatalyst system was justified by Z-system heterojunction induced by the plasmonic effect, and the suggested mechanism was investigated by quenching of reactive species by scavengers. The degradation performance was achieved under optimum conditions (pH = 2, 20 ppm of pollutant concentration, 120 mM of hydrogen peroxide, 1 g/L of catalysts dose). The results showed that after 240 min of visible irradiation resulted in the high (chemical oxygen demand) and (total organic carbon) reductions with a removal efficiency of (85) to (90%) for Rh B dye. The fabricated Ag–AgVO3/Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanocomposites were effective in the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater treatment.

Okra cultivation under irrigation with saline water and foliar application of hydrogen peroxide

Foliar application of hydrogen peroxide can induce plant defense mechanisms against salt stress, favoring plant acclimation in regions with qualitative and quantitative scarcity of water resources, such as the Brazilian semi-arid region. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar hydrogen peroxide application on chlorophyll a fluorescence, growth, and production of okra under irrigation with saline water. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Pombal, PB, using a randomized block design with a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement corresponding to five electrical conductivity levels of water – ECw (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1) and three hydrogen peroxide concentrations – H2O2 (0, 25, and 50 μM), with five replications. Irrigation water salinity levels up to 2.2 dS m-1 increase the maximum fluorescence of okra plants 75 days after transplanting. Foliar application of 50 µM hydrogen peroxide proved to be beneficial for plant height, stem diameter, stem dry matter, root dry matter, and total dry matter of okra when plants were grown in low-salinity water. The hydrogen peroxide concentrations of 25 and 50 µM increased the number of leaves. However, these concentrations reduced the average weight of the okra dry fruits. Foliar application with 50 µM hydrogen peroxide had a significant effect on the dry leaf phytomass of the okra cv. Clemson American 80 regardless of the electrical conductivity of irrigation water. Foliar hydrogen peroxide application at concentrations up to 50 µM intensifies the deleterious effects of salt stress on the total weight of dried okra fruits. Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus L., acclimation, salt stress.

Rational Design of Enzymatic Electrodes: Impact of Carbon Nanomaterial Types on the Electrode Performance

This research focuses on the rational design of porous enzymatic electrodes, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a model biocatalyst. Our goal was to identify the main obstacles to maximizing biocatalyst utilization within complex porous structures and to assess the impact of various carbon nanomaterials on electrode performance. We evaluated as-synthesized carbon nanomaterials, such as Carbon Aerogel, Coral Carbon, and Carbon Hollow Spheres, against the commercially available Vulcan XC72 carbon nanomaterial. The 3D electrodes were constructed using gelatin as a binder, which was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The bioelectrodes were characterized electrochemically in the absence and presence of 3 mM of hydrogen peroxide. The capacitive behavior observed was in accordance with the BET surface area of the materials under study. The catalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide reduction was partially linked to the capacitive behavior trend in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Notably, the Coral Carbon electrode demonstrated large capacitive currents but low catalytic currents, an exception to the observed trend. Microscopic analysis of the electrodes indicated suboptimal gelatin distribution in the Coral Carbon electrode. This study also highlighted the challenges in transferring the preparation procedure from one carbon nanomaterial to another, emphasizing the importance of binder quantity, which appears to depend on particle size and quantity and warrants further studies. Under conditions of the present study, Vulcan XC72 with a catalytic current of ca. 300 µA cm−2 in the presence of 3 mM of hydrogen peroxide was found to be the most optimal biocatalyst support.

Siderite with chelator as high-efficiency Fenton reagent to degrade naphthalene via ferrous liberation and carbon dioxide radical anion-mediated iron redox cycle

Siderite (FeCO3) has been verified to be an effective iron material in Fenton-like process, but large dose of FeCO3 and oxidants limits its application. Here, chelators were successfully used to enhance the degradation of naphthalene (NAP). When 1.0 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 1.0 g L−1 of FeCO3 were applied, in the presence of 0.2 mM oxalic acid (OA), 0.1 mM nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), or 0.1 mM DL-tartaric acid (DL-TA), 99.3 %, 100 %, or 96.7 % of NAP was degraded within 24 h, respectively. The different roles of chelators were confirmed. For OA and DL-TA, due to weak complexation with iron ions, acid effect and generation of carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2−) contributed to high concentration of Fe2+, while for NTA, chelation and CO2− were two major factors. In addition, the excellent potential application of H2O2/FeCO3/chelator was determined because of (1) lower environmental risk of chemicals; (2) strong tolerance to water matrixes; (3) the excellent stability of FeCO3 confirmed by surface characterizations and cyclic experiment, as NAP was completely degraded after the 6th cycle. At last, H2O2/FeCO3/chelator had superiority over other reduced iron minerals due to lower running cost in lab study, better reusability, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, it is expected that H2O2/FeCO3/chelator technique can provide an effective alternative to Fenton-like process in remediation of NAP contaminated sites.

The Potential of Bioactive Fish Collagen Oligopeptides against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced NIH/3T3 and HUVEC Damage: The Involvement of the Mitochondria.

Extensive in vivo investigations have demonstrated the antioxidant properties of fish collagen oligopeptides (FCOPs). One of the main causes of aging and chronic non-communicable diseases is oxidative stress. Therefore, FCOPs have a broad range of applications in illness prevention and delaying aging from the standpoint of the "food is medicine" theory. However, the mechanisms that underpin the antioxidant activity of FCOPs are not completely understood. The specific objective of this essay was to investigate the antioxidant effect of FCOPs and its possible mechanism at the cellular level. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH/3T3 and human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 200 µM hydrogen peroxide containing different concentrations of FCOPs for 4 h and were supplemented with different concentrations of FCOPs for 24 h. Normal growth medium without FCOPs was applied for control cells. An array of assays was used to evaluate the implications of FCOPs on cellular oxidative stress status, cellular homeostasis, inflammatory levels, and mitochondrial function. We found that FCOPs exerted a protective effect by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activities and cell viability, inhibiting cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, suppressing interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) secretion, downregulating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, protecting mitochondrial membrane potential, and increasing ATP synthesis and NAD+ activities in both cells. FCOPs had a stronger antioxidant impact on NIH/3T3 than on HUVECs, simultaneously increasing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content in NIH/3T3. These findings indicate that FCOPs have antioxidant effects on different tissue cells damaged by oxidative stress. FCOPs were therefore found to promote cellular homeostasis, inhibit inflammation, and protect mitochondria. Meanwhile, better health outcomes will be achieved by thoroughly investigating the effective dose and intervention time of FCOPs, as the absorption efficiency of FCOPs varies in different tissue cells.

Distinct Short-Term Response of Intracellular Amino Acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris to Oxidative and Reductive Stress

Despite being frequently encountered, the effect of oxidative or reductive stress on the intracellular metabolism and the response of the intracellular metabolome of yeasts is severely understudied. Non-conventional yeasts are attracting increasing attention due to their large substrate portfolio of non-canonical pathways as well as their production and secretion of proteins. To understand the effects of both stresses on yeast, the conventional model yeast S. cerevisiae and the non-conventional model yeast P. pastoris were perturbed with 5 mM of hydrogen peroxide for oxidative stress and 20 mM of dithiothreitol for reductive stress in well-defined chemostat cultures at a steady state, and fermentation profiles, intracellular amino acid levels, and intracellular glutathione levels were measured. Although stable profiles of extracellular metabolites were observed, significant changes were measured in intracellular amino acid levels within the first five minutes. Collectively, the amino acids ranged from 0.5 to 400 µmol/gDW, with the most significant increase upon the induction of oxidative stress being seen in cysteine (up to 90%) for S. cerevisiae and in aspartate (up to 80%) for P. pastoris. Upon the induction of reductive stress, asparagine nearly halves in S. cerevisiae, while tryptophan decreases by 60% in P. pastoris. By inspecting the time traces of each amino acid, possible mechanisms of pathway kinetics are speculated. This work furthers our understanding of the response of metabolism to oxidative stress in two model yeasts.

Effect of HY7602 Fermented Deer Antler on Physical Fatigue and Antioxidant Activity in Mice.

Lactobacillus curvatus HY7602 fermented antler (FA) ameliorates sarcopenia and improves exercise performance by increasing muscle mass, muscle fiber regeneration, and mitochondrial biogenesis; however, its anti-fatigue and antioxidant effects have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-fatigue and antioxidant effects and mechanisms of FA. C2C12 and HepG2 cells were stimulated with 1 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress, followed by treatment with FA. Additionally, 44-week-old C57BL/6J mice were orally administered FA for 4 weeks. FA treatment (5-100 μg/mL) significantly attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo experiments showed that FA treatment significantly increased the mobility time of mice in the forced swimming test and significantly downregulated the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate. Notably, FA treatment significantly upregulated the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) and increased the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GPx1, GPx2, and GSR) in the liver. Conclusively, FA is a potentially useful functional food ingredient for improving fatigue through its antioxidant effects.

Therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation on hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells

Aims/Purpose: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a cutting‐edge therapeutic method for restoring the functioning of injured mitochondria in experimental settings. Our goal was to find out how 780 nm PBM therapy affected the apoptosis and cell survival of hydrogen peroxide‐treated retinal pigment epithelial cells.Methods: After being treated with 150 μM hydrogen peroxide for 24 h, the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were exposed to continuous wave laser radiation with the following parameters: wavelength of 780 nm, power density of 140 mW/cm2, 65 mW/cm2 and 40 mW/cm2 and duration of 10 min and 30 min. Furthermore, light therapy was given to untreated control cells to check PBM effect on healthy group. After PBM therapy in a time‐dependent manner, cell survival and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and Annexin V/PI staining, respectively.Results: Based on MTT findings, PBM showed no obvious effect on cell viability in H2O2‐treated RPE cells, while after 48 h post‐PBM incubation, cell viability was dramatically improved. It was significantly increased at the power density of 140 mW/cm2 for 30 min application without unacceptable effect on control cells. RPE apoptosis was strikingly decreased in post‐PBM incubation group compared to H2O2‐treated group in a time‐dependent manner, as detected by flow cytometry.Conclusions: As a result, photobiomodulation supported its potential utility in the prevention and treatment of retinal disorders associated with oxidative stress by promoting cell survival and reducing apoptosis under oxidative stress.

Bacterial Cell Lysates of Bacillus sp. F Isolated From Permafrost Diminish DNA Damage by Hydrogen Peroxide in Murine Blood Cells Ex Vivo

Nowadays, there is growing interest in new compositions and drugs that can preserve and maintain human health. There are many studies on both known probiotics and new sources of biologically active substances which may potentially be new avenues for human longevity. Here, we describe the protective effect of cell lysates of the relict bacteria Bacillus sp. F (Bacilus Lyuba), isolated from the ancient permafrost of Central Yakutia, upon DNA damage, induced by hydrogen peroxide. The DNA damage was monitored by a comet assay in leukocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of experimental animals (BALB/c mice). Cell lysates were prepared using the French Press and ultrasonic treatment. The levels of DNA damage in the presence of bacterial lysates upon the stress test (20 μM hydrogen peroxide for 10 min at 37°C) were almost twice lower, compared with the buffer control. Of note, the maximal protective effect was observed in the temperature range of 50°C–60°C; with the increase of the temperature, this effect vanished. The obtained results do not give a clear answer on the mechanism of the protective properties of Bacillus sp. F. (Bacilus Lyuba) lysates. To answer this question, a detailed analysis of the protein composition of bacterial lysate at different temperatures should be performed.

Peróxido de hidrogênio na atenuação do estresse salino em gravioleira

ABSTRACT In semi-arid regions, the use of saline water for irrigation has become an increasingly frequent reality due to the qualitative and quantitative scarcity of water sources occurring most of the year. Thus, the use of hydrogen peroxide can be a strategy capable of mitigating the deleterious effects of salt stress on plants and guaranteeing the agricultural production of crops such as soursop. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of hydrogen peroxide on the physiological and growth indices of soursop plants cv. Morada Nova irrigated with waters of different salinity levels. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, with three replicates. Foliar application of hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 12, 18 and 15 µM, respectively, attenuated the effects of salt stress on stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate and chlorophyll a synthesis of soursop, at 780 days after transplanting. The 30 µM hydrogen peroxide concentration intensified salt stress on gas exchange, variable fluorescence and electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of soursop plants cv. Morada Nova, 780 days after transplanting.

A proteomic approach to investigate the role of the MECP2 gene mutation in Rett syndrome redox regulatory pathways

Mutations in the X-linked methyl-CpG-binding 2 (MECP2) gene lead to Rett Syndrome (RTT; OMIM 312750), a devasting neurodevelopmental disorder. RTT clinical manifestations are complex and with different degrees of severity, going from autistic-like behavior to loss of acquired speech, motor skills and cardiac problems. Furthermore, the correlation between the type of MECP2 mutation and the clinical phenotype is still not fully understood.Contextually, different genotypes can differently affect the patient's phenotype and omics methodologies such as proteomics could be an important tool for a molecular characterization of genotype/phenotype correlation.The aim of our study was focused on evaluating RTT oxidative stress (OS) responses related to specific MECP2 gene mutations by using proteomics and bioinformatics approaches.Primary fibroblasts isolated from patients affected by R133C and R255× mutations were compared to healthy controls (HC).After clustering primary dermal fibroblasts based on their specific MECP2 mutations, fibroblast-derived protein samples were qualitative and quantitative analyzed, using a label free quantification (LFQ) analysis by mass spectrometry (MS), achieving a preliminary correlation for RTT genotype/phenotype. Among the identified proteins involved in redox regulation pathways, NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) was found to be absent in R255× cells, while it was present in R133C and in HC fibroblasts. Moreover, NQO1 aberrant gene regulation was also confirmed when cells were challenged with 100 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).In conclusion, by employing a multidisciplinary approach encompassing proteomics and bioinformatics analyses, as well as molecular biology assays, the study uncovered phenotypic responses linked to specific MECP2 gene mutations.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of RTT molecular pathways, confirming the high heterogeneity among the patients.

Neuroprotective effect of whey protein hydrolysate containing leucine-aspartate-isoleucine-glutamine-lysine on HT22 cells in hydrogen peroxide–induced oxidative stress

This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) containing the pentapeptide leucine-aspartate-isoleucine-glutamine-lysine (LDIQK). Whey protein hydrolysate (50, 100, and 200 µg/mL) demonstrated the ability to restore the viability of HT22 cells subjected to 300 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, at a concentration of 200 µg/mL, it significantly reduced the increase in reactive oxygen species production and calcium ion (Ca2+) influx induced by H2O2 by 46.1% and 46.2%, respectively. Similarly, the hydrolysate significantly decreased the levels of p-tau, a hallmark of tauopathy, and BCL2 associated X (BAX), a proapoptosis factor, while increasing the protein levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), an enzyme involved in acetylcholine synthesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a nerve growth factor, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2, an antiapoptotic factor. Furthermore, it increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-hemoxygenase-1(HO-1) signaling, which is associated with the antioxidant response, while reducing the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway components, namely phosphor-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK), phosphor-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), and p-p38. Column chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified LDIQK as a compound with neuroprotective effects in WPH; it inhibited Ca2+ influx and regulated the BAX/BCL2 ratio. Collectively, WPH containing LDIQK demonstrated neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced neuronal cell damage, suggesting that WPH or its active peptide, LDIQK, may serve as a potential edible agent for improving cognitive dysfunction.

Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using CoxZn1-xFe2O4 nanocomposite under visible light irradiation: Synthesis, characterization and its application

Using Rhodamine-B (Rh B) as a model organic molecule, a co-precipitation-oxidation-mediated synthesis of cobalt-substituted zinc spinel ferrites (CoxZn1-xFe2O4, x = 0 to 1) is described. Multiple methods (XRD, DRS, EDX, VSM, BET, and FESEM) were used to evaluate the synthesized cobalt zinc ferrites. The material Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4, which had pore diameters ranging from 3 to 50 nm and a minor peak centered at about 35 nm, displayed non-uniform shapes and sizes of the porous materials made by the aggregation of ferrite nanoparticles. The SBET Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)surface area values were 10.05, 13.47, and 10.9 m2/g for ferrites, zinc ferrites, and cobalt-zinc ferrites, respectively. It was found that under ideal conditions, 99% of the Rh B dye was destroyed by the Co0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 (x = 0.3) sample within 180 min of exposure to visible light. Scavenger testing and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed that OH and holes were the principal reactive radicals involved in the degradation process. The performance of a Co0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 photocatalyst was almost unchanged after being cycled for five consecutive cycles. Therefore, it was concluded that these photocatalysts are superior options for treating Rh B-tainted wastewater under optimum conditions (pH = 2, dose catalyst = 0.1 mg/L, concentration of pollutant = 20 mg/L, with 120 mM of hydrogen peroxide).

Tat-CCT2 Protects the Neurons from Ischemic Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Activating Autophagic Removal of Damaged Protein in the Gerbil Hippocampus.

CCT2 is a eukaryotic chaperonin TCP-1 ring complex subunit that mediates protein folding, autophagosome incorporation, and protein aggregation. In this study, we investigated the effects of CCT on oxidative and ischemic damage using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. The Tat-CCT2 fusion protein was efficiently delivered into HT22 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the delivered protein was gradually degraded in HT22 cells. Incubation with Tat-CCT2 significantly ameliorated the 200 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced reduction in cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, and 8 µM Tat-CCT2 treatment significantly alleviated H2O2-induced DNA fragmentation and reactive oxygen species formation in HT22 cells. In gerbils, CCT2 protein was efficiently delivered into pyramidal cells in CA1 region by intraperitoneally injecting 0.5mg/kg Tat-CCT2, as opposed to control CCT2. In addition, treatment with 0.2 or 0.5mg/kg Tat-CCT2 mitigated ischemia-induced hyperlocomotive activity 1 d after ischemia and confirmed the neuroprotective effects by NeuN immunohistochemistry in the hippocampal CA1 region 4 d after ischemia. Tat-CCT2 treatment significantly reduced the ischemia-induced activation of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampal CA1 region 4 d after ischemia. Furthermore, treatment with 0.2 or 0.5mg/kg Tat-CCT2 facilitated ischemia-induced autophagic activity and ameliorated ischemia-induced autophagic initiation in the hippocampus 1 d after ischemia based on western blotting for LC3B and Beclin-1, respectively. Levels of p62, an autophagic substrate, significantly increased in the hippocampus following treatment with Tat-CCT2. These results suggested that Tat-CCT2 exerts neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress and ischemic damage by promoting the autophagic removal of damaged proteins or organelles.

Impact of exogenous salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide on vitamins, essential nutrients and silymarin content of milk thistle grown at two different altitudes of balochistan under cadmium stress

Cadmium (Cd+2), a potentially toxic element, inhibits growth and development of several plant species, especially medicinal plants. However, exogenous supplementation of various hormones, compounds and signaling molecules helps to mitigate the impact of Cd+2 toxicity. Medicinal value of plants in today's era cannot be undermined. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (milk thistle) is one of most important and valuable medicinal plant; its silymarin content is widely being used to treat liver diseases. The present study was conducted during October 2019–March 2020 to analyze the potential impact of exogenous supplementation with 0.25 μM salicylic acid (SA) and 10 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) priming, foliar and their combinational treatments on various attributes of milk thistle at two diverse ecological zones of Balochistan province of Pakistan, i.e., Quetta (Qta) and Turbat (Tbt) under Cd+2 toxicity. So far, no study conducted considering these two ecological zones of Pakistan with respect to cadmium toxicity on milk thistle nutritional and physio-biochemical attributes. The design of the experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) under factorial with three replication each treatment. Results portrayed that SA and H2O2, priming, foliar spray and combinational treatments were quite effective in alleviating the negative impacts of Cd+2 toxicity. The essential nutrients, i.e., nitrate (NO3−), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+) and vitamins viz., ascorbic acid (AsA), niacin and riboflavin were affected by Cd+2 induced toxicity; however, the substantial impact of SA and H2O2 helped to reduce the Cd+2 toxicity and boosted up plant nutrients vitamin content. In a nutshell, exogenous treatments of SA and H2O2 enhanced the yield potential by increasing the weight of hundred seeds, enhancing the accumulation of silymarin content in milk thistle seeds which is of prime significance for its medicinal importance in treatment of liver diseases. Therefore, the data obtained in this study highly recommends priming (P) and foliar (F) spray along with combinational treatment of SA and H2O2 as the best strategy to ameliorate Cd+2 toxicity in plants, which will ultimately lead to better growth and yield of the plants.

The Cytotoxic Effect of Thymoquinone Enhance on HepG2 Cell Line due to Induction of Fenton Reaction by Hydrogen Peroxide: An In Vitro and In Silico Study

Thymoquinone (TQ) is a component derived from the volatile oil of Nigella sativa. Fenton reaction induction is a well-known strategy to prevent the growth of cancer cells which can stimulate by hydrogen peroxide. This study was designed to investigate the TQ effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. In this study, HepG2 cell survival, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell membrane integrity, and changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD)/ catalase (CAT) activity were evaluated following incubation of HepG2 cells with 31 μM hydrogen peroxide and different concentrations of TQ (18.5, 37 and 75 μM). In addition, molecular docking studies on the interference of TQ with CAT/SOD enzymes were investigated. Our findings showed that TQ low concentration can increase the survival of HepG2 cells when exposed to hydrogen peroxide, and on the contrary, its high concentration can potentiate cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide. The TQ alongside hydrogen peroxide increased the production of ROS, which was related to increase CAT and SOD activity in the HepG2 cells. Molecular docking findings showed that TQ effects on the formation of free radicals were not related to its chemical interference with the structure of the SOD/CAT molecules. Fenton reaction induction may increase the effectiveness of TQ in preventing HepG2 cells proliferation.

Antigenotoxic effect of hyperoside against Mitomycin C and hydrogen peroxide-induced genotoxic damage on human lymphocytes

Hyperoside is a flavonol glycoside isolated from various plant genera such as Hypericum and Crataegus. It has an important place in the human diet and is used medically to relieve pain and ameliorate cardiovascular functions. However, a comprehensive profile of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of hyperoside is not known. The current study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of hyperoside against genetic damages induced by two genotoxins (MMC and H2O2) using chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and micronucleus (MN) assays in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Blood lymphocytes were incubated with 7.8–62.5 μg/mL concentrations of hyperoside alone and simultaneously with 0.20 μg/mL Mitomycin C (MMC) or 100 μM Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hyperoside did not exhibit genotoxic potential in the CA, SCE, and MN assays. Moreover, it did not cause a decrease in mitotic index (MI) which is an indicator of cytotoxicity. On the other hand, hyperoside significantly decreased CA, SCE, and MN (except for MMC treatment) frequencies induced by MMC and H2O2. Hyperoside, increased mitotic index against both mutagenic agents at 24-h treatment when compared to positive control. Our results demonstrate that hyperoside exhibited antigenotoxic effects rather than genotoxic in vitro human lymphocytes. Therefore, hyperoside may be a potential preventive agent in inhibiting chromosomal and oxidative damage induced by genotoxic chemicals.

The magnetic cell separation method reveals protective effect of melatonin on human spermatozoa from peroxide-induced apoptosis

BackgroundThe selection of non-apoptotic sperm is related to successful fertilization. This study investigated the protective effects of melatonin and the role of the MACS (magnetically activated cell sorting) method to prevent oxidative damage in vitro and improve sperm quality parameters such as viability and DNA integrity.Materials and methodsSemen analysis was performed on 20 different eligible donors participating in the study. Sperm viability and concentration were checked at time of 0 (0 h). In order to conduct more studies after 24 h (24 h), the remaining sperm suspension was divided into a control group and six experimental groups. DNA fragmentation was assessed using the TUNEL assay.ResultsThe treatment of human spermatozoa with 100 µM hydrogen peroxide for 24 h induced a significant increase in phosphatidylserine externalization and significantly increases apoptotic sperm (p ≤ 0.001). TUNEL analysis of human sperm pretreated with 100 µM hydrogen peroxide for 24 h showed that the percentage of sperm with fragmented DNA was significantly reduced after sorting by MACS (P ≤ 0.001). However, pretreated human sperm with 1 μM melatonin for 24 h could effectively maintain sperm motility and progressive motility.ConclusionsPretreated human spermatozoa with 1 µM melatonin for 24 h could be effective for maintenance of sperm motility and progressive motility. Although 100 µM hydrogen peroxide-treated sperm were used, MACS was used to retain the appropriate sperm and select high-quality sperm.

3,4-Dihydroxybenzalacetone Inhibits the Propagation of Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Effect via Secretory Components from SH-SY5Y Cells.

The polyphenol derivative 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone (DBL) is the primary antioxidative component of the medicinal folk mushroom Chaga (Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat). In this study, we investigated whether the antioxidative effect of DBL could propagate to recipient cells via secreted components, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), after pre-exposing SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to DBL. First, we prepared EV-enriched fractions via sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation using conditioned medium from SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 100 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 h, with and without 1 h of 5 µM DBL pre-treatment. CD63 immuno-dot blot analysis demonstrated that fractions with density of 1.06-1.09 g/cm3 had CD63-like immuno-reactivities. Furthermore, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay revealed that the radical scavenging activity of fraction 11 (density of 1.06 g/cm3), prepared after 24-h H2O2 treatment, was significantly increased compared to that in the control group (no H2O2 treatment). Notably, 1 h of 5 µM DBL pre-treatment or 5 min of heat treatment (100 °C) diminished this effect, although concentrating the fraction by 100 kDa ultrafiltration enhanced it. Overall, the effect was not specific to the recipient cell types. In addition, the uptake of fluorescent Paul Karl Horan-labeled EVs in concentrated fraction 11 was detected in all treatment groups, particularly in the H2O2-treated group. The results suggest that cell-to-cell communication via bioactive substances, such as EVs, in conditioned SH-SY5Y cell medium, propagates the H2O2-induced radical scavenging effect, whereas pre-conditioning with DBL inhibits it.

Taurine alleviates oxidative stress in porcine mammary epithelial cells by stimulating the Nrf2-MAPK signaling pathway.

The high incidence of oxidative stress in sows during late gestation and lactation affects mammary gland health, milk yield, and milk quality. Recently, we found that supplementing maternal diets with 1% taurine improved antioxidant capability and enhanced growth performance in offspring; however, the mechanisms underlying these are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effects and the mechanism of taurine in mitigating oxidative stress in porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs). PMECs were pretreated with 0-2.0 mM taurine for 12 h and then subjected to oxidative injury with 500 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Pretreatment with taurine attenuated decreased cell viability, enhanced superoxide dismutase, and reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation after H2O2 exposure. Taurine also prevented H2O2-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was essential to the cytoprotective effects of taurine on PMECs, as Nrf2 knockdown significantly inhibited taurine-induced cytoprotection against oxidative stress. Moreover, we confirmed that Nrf2 induction by taurine was mediated through the inactivation of the p38/MAPK pathway. Overall, taurine supplementation has beneficial effects on redox balance regulation and may protect against oxidative stress in lactating animals.