Ml Of Syrup Research Articles

Effect of probiotics plus zinc supplementation on clinical outcomes of infants and children with acute infectious diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial.

Findings are conflicting regarding the effect of zinc supplementation on disease severity in children with acute gastroenteritis. To examine the effects of probiotics and zinc on the clinical outcomes of infants and children with acute infectious diarrhea. In this randomized controlled trial, children with mild or moderate to severe acute gastroenteritis in the Kurdistan Region from November 2021 to June 2022 were diagnosed clinically and randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group (n=50) received probiotics and zinc, whereas the control group (n=51) received probiotics alone for 1 week. The product contained live Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (10×106 colony-forming units/day for 7 days). Zinc syrup was administered to the probiotic plus zinc group. Each 5 mL of syrup contained 15 mg of zinc sulfate. Dehydration and disease severity in both groups were measured using the Clinical Dehydration Scale and the Modified Vesikari Scale, respectively. An illness episode was defined as an episode of gastroenteritis with a total score of ≥9 on the Modified Vesikari Scale (range, 0-20). The probiotic and probiotic plus zinc groups were similar in age (1.79 years vs. 1.69 years, respectively; P= 0.645), sex (male/female ratio: 1.43 and 1.0, respectively; P=0.373), and medical characteristics. The groups had similar mean dehydration and disease severity scores and a similar incidence of dehydration recovery (some dehydration, 3.92% and 4.00%, respectively; P=1.000), and recovery from mild gastroenteritis (0.0% and 2.0%, respectively; P=0.495) at 2 weeks. Significant decreases in mean dehydration severity and disease severity score (1.80 to 0 and 6.66 to 0, respectively; P<0.001) and the development of dehydration (some dehydration, from 94.0% to 4.0%; P<0.001) from baseline to 2 weeks were noted in the probiotics plus zinc group. The probiotics group responded similarly. The development of mild gastroenteritis was significantly reduced from baseline to 2 weeks (90.2% to 0% and 78.0% to 2.0% in the probiotics and probiotics plus zinc groups, respectively; P<0.0001). The probiotics plus zinc group had a shorter mean recovery time (1.34 days vs. 2.00 days, respectively; P<0.001). Taking probiotics plus zinc did not significantly affect disease severity in children with gastroenteritis at 2 weeks. However, the probiotics plus zinc group recovered more quickly than the probiotics group.

Effect of oral silymarin on liver function in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the maintenance phase: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Liver dysfunction is one of the most common disorders in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In recent studies, silymarin has been observed to have hepatic protective effects. Therefore, in this study, the effect of oral silymarin on the hepatic functions of patients with ALL was investigated. Methods: In the present double-blind clinical trial study, 121 patients with ALL over 5years of age were divided into two groups after obtaining informed consent. The subjects were randomly divided into a silymarin-treatment group and a placebo group. In the silymarin-treatment group, patients received 70mg oral capsules of silymarin twice daily or syrup of silymarin three times a day (each 5ml of syrup contains 50mg of silymarin). Patients were examined once a month for 9months to receive capsules and measure the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin, albumin, and cholesterol. Results: Comparison of changes before and after treatment in the two groups showed that receiving oral silymarin resulted in a slight significant decrease in the levels of ALT, AST, GGT, and bilirubin (p < 0.05), but had no effect on ALP, albumin, and cholesterol (p > 0.05). Discussion: The results of the present study showed that in pediatric patients with ALL, silymarin intake improves liver function. The very strong antioxidant effect of silymarin may explain its protective effect on the liver. Clinical Trial Registration: IRCT20150119020715N10.

Evaluation of food effects on the pharmacokinetics of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis with each bioactive compound berberine and epicatechin after a single oral dose of an expectorant and antitussive agent UI026 in healthy subjects.

UI026 is an expectorant and antitussive agent which is a new combination of Pelargonium sidoides extract and Coptis extract. The bioactive compounds of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis extracts were identified as epicatechin and berberine, respectively. This study evaluated the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of UI026. A randomized, open-label, single-dose, 2-treatment, parallel study in 12 healthy male subjects was performed. Subjects received a single oral dose of UI026 (27 mL of syrup) under a fed or fasted condition according to their randomly assigned treatment. Blood samples for the PK analysis were obtained up to 24 hours post-dose for berberine and 12 hours post-dose for epicatechin. The PK parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. In the fed condition, the mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the last observed time point (AUClast) for berberine were approximately 33% and 67% lower, respectively, compared with the fasted condition, both showing statistically significant difference. For epicatechin, the mean Cmax and mean AUClast were about 29% and 45% lower, respectively, compared to the fasting condition, neither of which showed a statistically significant difference. There were no drug-related adverse events. This finding suggests that food affects the systemic exposure and bioavailability of berberine and epicatechin.Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0003451

The potential of the use of antitude therapy in pediatric practice

Introduction. Coughing affects quality of life and is the most common reason patients seek medical attention. In children, establishing the pathophysiological cause of the condition associated with cough is of particular importance for making an adequate diagnosis and prescribing the correct therapy. Target. To assess the efficacy and safety of butamirate use in the complex treatment of preschoolers with acute bronchitis. Materials and methods . The initiative study was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki and included 63 patients with a dry cough symptom at the age of 3–7 years with a diagnosis of acute bronchitis. The effectiveness of therapy was assessed using a point system. In the main (1) group – 21 children – used a non-narcotic antitussive drug of central action butamirate, 5 ml of syrup 3 times/day before meals for 4,7 ± 0,6 days. In the main (2) group – 21 children – butamirate was administered at 25 drops inside 4 times/day for 4,9 ± 0,8 days. In the comparison group – 21 children – antitussives were used according to the protocol for the treatment of acute bronchitis. Results . In 80,3 ± 5,4% of patients in the main (1 and 2) groups, by the fourth day of treatment with butamirate in relation to the comparison group, the state of health improved (0,5 ± 0,07 points, p = 0,032), the intensity of cough decreased (0,1 ± 0,01 points, p = 0,015), dry cough leveled out (0,3 ± 0,02 points, p = 0,023), the cough period decreased with exhausting cough (0,2 ± 0,01 points, p = 0,017). There were no statistically significant differences between the two main groups. In no case did butamirate cause respiratory depression, impairment of cognitive functions, sedation and drug dependence. In the comparison group, the patients’ state of health improved less intensely, the characteristics of dry cough persisted for a longer time. Conclusions . Butamirate is effective and safe in the treatment of dry cough in acute bronchitis in preschoolers.

The Effects of CarumCarvi (BuniumPersicumBoiss) on Early Return of Bowel Motility after Caesarean Section: Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Objective: To investigate the effect of the Carum carvi (Bunium persicum Boiss) plant, a gas solvent, on resumption of bowel motility after caesarean section. Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial was done on a group of 98 women undergoing elective caesarean section under general anesthesia in a university hospital. Patients in the intervention group (Group A) drank 10 ml of a syrup containing 8 g of Bunium persicum Boiss in 20 ml of syrup 6 to 7 hours after surgery. The control group (Group B) comprised 10 patients who drank 10 ml of placebo syrup 6 to 7 hours after surgery. Demographic characteristics, time to first hearing of normal intestinal sounds, time to first flatus, time to first bowel movement, and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group had a significantly shorter mean time to hearing the first intestinal sounds (10.66 ± 2.38 vs. 19.54 ± 3.85 h), mean time to first flatus (13.91 ± 3.73 vs. 24.82 ± 5.83 h), mean time to first bowel movement (19.31 ± 4.63 vs. 30.70 ± 10.21 h), and mean length of hospitalization (31.70 ± 7.70 vs. 49.20 ± 10.16 h) (p < 0.05). No patients developed serious side effects associated with consumption of the syrup. Conclusion: The use of a gas solvent such as Bunium persicum Boiss after caesarean section can speed the resumption of postoperative bowel motility.

Pengaruh pemberian sari umbi bit (beta vulgaris) terhadap kadar hemoglobin dan performa atlet sepak bola

Background: Nutritional factors in athletes were very influential to lead achievement. Giving special food or drink is also important to improve VO2max. One of the substances that can optimized the levels of VO2max is the content of nitrates in foodstuffs. The beetroot is one source of food with high nitrate content.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of bit extract (beta vulgaris) on Hb Levels and performance among football athleteMethods: Design of quasi experimental research with pretest-post test control group approach, conducted on 18 athletes of UNNES Football Club aged 18-22 years. The treatment of beetroot juice was given for 7 days, consist of P200 treatment group consumed 200 ml, P300 was given 300 ml, while control consumed 300 ml of syrup with the same color with beet extract. Athlete’s performance was obtained with VO2max levels. VO2max measurements were taken twice using MFT (multistage fitness test) on day 1 before intervention and day 7 after intervention. Confounding variables were energy intake, macronutrient intake, iron intake, vitamin C intake, and smoking habits. The analysis using by paired-t-test, kruskal wallis, and one way anova.Result: Most subjects had intake (energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, iron and vitamin C) less categories. Most of the subjects had a good category VO2 Max and were excellent, as well as not anemic. There was no significant effect of treatment on VO2 Max and Hb level (p &lt;0.05), but the increase in VO2 Max was greater in group P 300 than in group P 200 and control. Hb levels of subjects after intervention decreased, but still relatively normal levels. Conclusions: There was no significant effect of giving beetroot juice on VO2 Max and Hb levels, but the increase in VO2 Max in group P 300 was higher than in P group of 200 and control group.

Stability Study and a 14-Day Oral Dose Toxicity in Rats of Plantain Leaf Extract (Plantago lanceolata L.) Syrup.

Plants have been used since antiquity to treat and prevent diseases. Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) is traditionally used for the treatment of the common cold and associated symptoms such as cough. This study was designed to evaluate the oral toxicity of plantain leaf extract-containing syrup. In preparation of the toxicological examination and to ensure the quality of the herbal preparation, analytical methods were developed and validated, and stability testing was performed. Physicochemical and microbial quality, thin layer chromatography patterns and high performance liquid chromatography fingerprints complied with the specifications during the entire period of stability testing. The marker substance, acteoside, remained within the stability-defining limits of 90%–110% for quantitative determinations. No hint of toxicity emerged from 14-day repeat dose toxicity testing in rats. The animals were given doses of 3, 6, or 12 mL of syrup per kg body weight by gavage twice daily. All animals showed normal appearance and behavior. Body and organ weights at the end of the study were similar to those in the control group. Overall, P. lanceolata syrup was found to be stable and non-toxic under the test conditions.

Efficacy and safety of Aloe vera syrup for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a pilot randomized positive-controlled trial

ObjectiveTo investigate the use of Aloe vera (A. vera) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and compare its effects with those of omeprazole and ranitidine. MethodsIn this pilot, randomized controlled trial, 79 subjects were allocated to A. vera syrup (standardized to 5.0 mg polysaccharide per mL of syrup) at a dose of 10 mL/d, omeprazole capsule (20 g/d) or ranitidine tablet (150 mg in a fasted state in the morning and 150 mg 30 min before sleep at night) for a period of 4 weeks. The frequencies of eight main symptoms of GERD (heartburn, food regurgitation, flatulence, belching, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting and acid regurgitation) were assessed at weeks 2 and 4 of the trial. ResultsA. vera was safe and well tolerated and reduced the frequencies of all the assessed GERD symptoms, with no adverse events requiring withdrawal. ConclusionA. vera may provide a safe and effective treatment for reducing the symptoms of GERD.

Immunomodulation mediated by a herbal syrup containing a standardized Echinacea root extract: A pilot study in healthy human subjects on cytokine gene expression

In this study, the immunomodulatory effect of a triply standardized Echinacea angustifolia root extract (Polinacea®) was evaluated in 10 healthy subjects. Ten ml of syrup containing one hundred mg of extract (corresponding to 4.7mg of Echinacoside and 8.0mg of a high molecular weight-20,000Da- polysaccharide) were administered as a herbal syrup once a day for one month. The immunomodulatory effect was evaluated before and after herbal syrup administration evaluating the expression levels of the cytokines IL-2, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α. Cytokine expression was studied in lympho-monocytes and in plasma samples measuring the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The results were analysed by ANOVA and non-parametric Friedman rank sum tests; when possible it was adopted a pair-wise comparisons at different post-treatment times, using the paired t-tests with Holm correction. The correlation between the variations of cytokine plasma levels and the respective mRNA was carried out using a linear regression model.In lympho-monocytes our data indicate the up-regulation of the mRNA levels of IL-2 and IL-8 and the down regulation of the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL6. The differential regulation was maximal after 14 days of treatment. IL-2 up-regulation and IL-6 down-regulation were also confirmed at the protein level in plasma. Finally, the up-regulation of the mRNA of IL-2/IL-8 and the down-regulation of IL-6 positively correlated with the protein levels detected in the plasma.In conclusion, this pilot study suggests a relevant role for the standardized Echinacea angustifolia root extract in the control of cytokine expression. This first demonstration of the immuno-modulating activity of Echinacea angustifolia root extract in the healthy subject, supports at least in part the common use of such products as health promoting supplement.

Syrup of ipecac . . . 15 ml versus 30 ml in pediatric poisonings.

A prospective study was conducted to determine whether 30 ml of syrup of ipecac would produce a more rapid emesis than 15 ml in pediatric poisoned victims over twelve months of age. Data from 100 patients, where 15 ml of syrup of ipecac was administered, revealed an average time for emesis to occur of 25.82 minutes. Data from an additional 100 patients in which 30 ml of ipecac syrup was administered shows emesis to occur in 15.76 minutes. Clinically, six patients had repeated episodes of vomiting with 30 ml of ipecac; however, all were completely asymptomatic 60 minutes after ipecac administration. The difference of 10.06 minutes is statistically significant. Another aspect of the study evaluated whether the administration of clear liquids prior to or following ipecac substantially effected the onset of emesis. No differences were noted.

ELEVATION OF SERUM COPPER FOLLOWING COPPER SULFATE AS AN EMETIC

Copper sulfate in a dose equivalent to 100 mg of copper was administered orally to six young children who came to the outpatient department because of ingestion of substances in toxic amounts. As a control, six other children presenting with the same complaint received 10 to 15 ml of syrup of ipecac. Although vomiting occurred within 5 minutes after administering the copper sulfate, significant elevations of serum copper occurred in each child. Only one of the children receiving ipecac had any rise in serum copper concentration. Because of hazards associated with copper sulfate, its use as an emetic appears questionable.