Ml Of Leaf Extract Research Articles

A randomized, open-label, controlled, parallel-group comparative study of two varieties of Carica papaya leaves in dengue-induced thrombocytopenia

Background: Dengue-induced thrombocytopenia can be life-threatening. However, supportive and symptomatic treatment is the current management protocol. The leaf extract of papaya has shown promising results in improving the platelet count. There are many varieties of Carica papaya such as Washington, Honeydew, Coorg honeydew, Solo, Surya, Red lady, C0-1, CO-3, CO-5, C0-6. Aims and Objectives: The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two varieties (“Red Lady” and “Solo”) of C. papaya fresh leaf extract in patients diagnosed with dengue-induced thrombocytopenia. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for 2 months, and 18 dengue-confirmed inpatients with thrombocytopenia (platelet count <1,50,000/μL) were enrolled. The study participants were grouped into the standard “Control” group, “Solo” group who received fresh papaya leaf extract “Solo” and “Red Lady” group who received fresh papaya leaf extract of “Red Lady.” About 30 mL of leaf extract was given thrice daily for 5 days. Results: The mean change from the baseline value of platelets was found to be 59,168/µL for the control group and 57,000/µL for Red Lady, and 93,167/µL for the solo group. The study showed a positive trend with improvement in platelet count in “Solo” Variety group when compared to “Red Lady” group and the control group. The safety results showed that both the papaya leaf extracts have a favorable safety profile. Conclusion: There was an improvement in platelet count in “Solo” variety group when compared to “Red Lady” and the control group. However, the results were not statistically significant. No adverse events were observed during the study.

Antiproliferiative Activity of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Leonotis nepetifolia (L) on Human Cancer Cell lines

Currently, nanobiotechnology is the growing science in the field of medicine employing silver nanoparticles to deliver drugs to target cancer cells and proved to be potential anticancer agents. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using leaf extract of Leonotis nepetifolia (L). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data showed a total of 13 phytochemical constituents identified from ethanolic leaf extract of Leonotis nepetifolia (L). The effect of physicochemical factors such as the reaction time, temperature, concentration of Silver nitrate, concentration of leaf extract and pH in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. For biosynthesis, the optimal conditions were 1 mM silver nitrate, 0.1 ml of leaf extract at 80° for 90 min. Ultra violet-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy; high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and various techniques characterized the synthesized AgNPs. The silver nanoparticles obtained had absorbance maxima at 398 nm, were spherical in shape, had an average particle size of 11.32 nm, polydispersity index 0.44, the zeta potential of -23.75.69 mv and were crystalline. A cytotoxicity study was conducted on two human cancer cell lines, pancreatic and ovarian, using sulforhodamine B assay. We had compared the cytotoxicity of biogenic silver nanoparticles with that of synthetic silver nanoparticles. Treatment of pancreatic and ovarian with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles inhibited the cell viability with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 25.4 μg/ml and 23.9 μg/ml. In contrast, silver nanoparticles inhibited cell viability with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 48.2 μg/ ml and 42 μg/ml, which were statistically significant (p<0.001), when compared with that of doxorubicin and Camptothecin. Leonotis nepetifolia mediated silver nanoparticles effectively reduced the proliferation of pancreatic and ovarian cancer cell lines than that of synthetic nanoparticles.

Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Copper-Doped Nickel Oxide Nanocomposites Using Phytolacca dodecandra L'Herit Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant and Photocatalytic Activities.

Nanotechnology research is emerging as cutting-edge technology, and nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites (NCs) have played a significant role in the bioremediation and treatment of polluted water by organic and nonorganic materials. Nanoparticles produced by plant extracts are more stable and biocompatible in comparison with those produced by physical and chemical methods. This research focuses on the synthesis of NiO NPs and Cu-NiO NCs using Phytolacca dodecandra L'Herit (P.d) leaf extract and evaluation of their antioxidant and photocatalytic activities. Cu-NiO NCs were synthesized using 50 mL of 0.1 M nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate, 10 mL of 0.1 M copper(II) nitrate trihydrate, and 20 mL of leaf extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to study the energy band gap, average crystallite size, functional groups, and morphology of the samples, respectively. The UV-vis analysis showed a red shift after copper doping, indicating a decrease in the optical band gap values. FT-IR characterization confirms the presence of various functional groups in samples. Crystallite sizes of the formed particles were obtained to be 14.18 and 16.10 nm from the XRD data for NiO NPs and Cu-NiO NCs, respectively. SEM showed the crystallinity of particles with a cubic structure. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) was found to be 78.3 and 97.8% by NiO NPs and Cu-NiO NCs, respectively. In the antioxidant test, NiO NPs and Cu-NiO NCs prevented the oxidation of 50% of the H2O2 molecules at a concentration of 363.96 and 350.29 μg/mL, respectively. Finally, the synthesized samples showed good photocatalytic and antioxidant activities.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their inhibitory activity against Rhizoctonia solani on maize

Synthesis of metal nanoparticles through biological method becomes more and more prevalent owing to its incomparable advantages. Eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by Cinnamomum camphora leaf extract through microwave, and spectrophotometry was applied to determine the optimalbiosynthesis process. It contained 20 ml of leaf extract, 4 mM AgNO3, and pH seven over medium-high heat. TEM images displayed that synthesized AgNPs were near spherical and roughly in the range of 6–32 nm. Such synthesized AgNPs exhibited prominent antimicrobial activity against Rhizoctonia solani. The inhibition rate of colony growth and the diameter of inhibition zone reached 81.7% and 20.5 mm when the concentration of AgNPs was 200 μg/mL.The initial results provide a new idea and method for integrative control of phytopathogens, and it’s likely to resolve the perplexing problems in agricultural production.

Biosynthesis of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles using Murayya koeniggi aqueous leaf extract and its catalytic activity in 4-nitrophenol reduction

Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) has a wide range of applications as catalysts. The natural abundance of copper and its relatively low cost make it a viable alternative to catalysts made from expensive precious metals such as platinum and palladium. In this study, a rapid, simple and green method was developed for the synthesis of CuO NPs using an aqueous extract of Murayya koenigii leaves. Several parameters were optimized, namely, the volume of leaf extract, pH, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum condition for the biosynthesis was obtained by using 3 mL of leaf extract; 10 mL of 5 mM CuSO, at pH 11, at room temperature. The biosynthesis was completed within 50 minutes. The synthesized CuO NPs were characterized using Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses. The UV-Vis absorption spectra confirmed the formation of CuO NPs with characteristic peak at 634 nm. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the biosynthesized CuO NPs confirmed the surface adsorption of the bioactive components in the leaf extract that acted as the reducing agent and stabilizing agent for the metal nanoparticles. XRD analysis showed a series of diffraction peaks at 2θ of 32.5°, 35.5°, 38.6°, 48.8°, 53.4°, 58.1°, 61.5°, 66.3°, 68.0°, 72.4° and 75.0°, corresponding to (110), (002), (111), (202), (020), (202), (113), (311), (220), (311) and (222) respectively. From TEM images, CuO NPs were of spherical shape with a mean diameter of 8.4 nm. The biosynthesized CuO NPs demonstrated good catalytic activities on the reduction 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of sodium borohydride, NaBH4 and can be reused three times without significant decrease in the catalytic activities

Development of Silver Nanoparticles/PEG/Glycerine Composite for Antibacterial Effect using Leaf Extract of Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basilicum

The main purpose of the experiment is to use green synthesis method for silver nanoparticles (SNP) fabrication using phytochemical and functional groups inherent in aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basilicum for formulation of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ Glycerine film. The SNP synthesis reaction is performed under sun condition and change in colour from light brown to dark brown was the initial indication, observed for nanoparticles synthesis. The 95 mL of 0.001 M AgNO3 is mixed with 5 mL of leaf extract and reaction performed under Sun light at alkaline pH 8 was found efficient to produced stable NP. The synthesized SNP are mixed with (10%, 50%, 100%, 150%, 200% and 250%), polyethylene glycol (PEG):glycerine (G) in 1:1 ratio to form a film. The UV-spectroscopic analysis confirms absorption at 420-430 nm for synthesized SNP. The FTIR characterization determines alkynes (terminal), 1�, 2� amines, amides, nitriles, alkynes, alkyl halides functional group from O. sanctum (OS) leaf extract and aldehydes, alkynes (terminal), alkyne, alkene, from O. basilicum (OB) leaf extract responsible for reducing and capping silver nitrate to form nanoparticles. The SEM analysis verify that the O. sanctum based nanoparticles are spherical in shape although O. basilicum based nanoparticles have bright contrast coral reef like morphology. The average zeta potential of silver nanoparticles was found to be 27.74 mV and 23.50 mV that are embedded in Ocimum sanctum-SNP/PEG and Ocimum basilicum-SNP/PEG films. Also, the average diameters of SNP in Ocimum sanctum-SNP/PEG and in Ocimum basilicum-SNP/PEG was found to be 463.2 nm and 43.0 nm. These Sun light mediated SNP shows antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureous pathogens.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using different volumes of Trichodesma indicum leaf extract and their antibacterial and photocatalytic activities

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared by a green synthesis process, using Trichodesma indicum (T. indicum) leaf extract at different (5, 10 and 15 mL) concentrations. The formation of Ag NPs was confirmed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry with surface plasmon resonance at 443 nm. After this confirmation, the influence of leaf extract concentrations on the structural and surface morphological properties was studied. Along with their physical properties, antibacterial activity against pathogenic (B. cereus and E. coli) bacteria and photocatalytic de-colorization of methylene blue (MB) were examined. The XRD studies revealed that all the nanoparticles exhibited preferential orientation along the (111) plane of silver. The crystallite size decreases as the extract concentration is increased. From SEM images, it was found that the particles are spherical in shape and the size of the particles decreased drastically when the leaf extracts concentration is greater than 10 mL. The images strongly support the result observed from the SEM studies. FT-IR analysis showed that the plant compounds are involved in the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0. Ag NPs synthesized in 15 mL of leaf extract greatly resist the growth of both species and decomposed 82% of MB within 210 min. This ability of Ag NPs can be due to the small spherical-shaped particles and larger Ag+ ion release.

Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Calotropis gigantea: characterization and its evaluation on tree seedling growth in nursery stage

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out using Calotropis leaf extract with zinc acetate salt in the presence of 2 M NaOH. The combination of 200 mM zinc acetate salt and 15 ml of leaf extract was ideal for the synthesis of less than 20 nm size of highly monodisperse crystalline nanoparticles. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray), and AFM (atomic force microscopy). Effects of biogenic zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on growth and development of tree seedlings in nursery stage were studied in open-air trenches. The UV–Vis absorption maxima showed peak near 350 nm, which is characteristic of ZnO nanoparticles. DLS data showed that single peak is at 11 nm (100%) and Polydispersity Index is 0.245. XRD analysis showed that these are highly crystalline ZnO nanoparticles having an average size of 10 nm. FTIR spectra were recorded to identify the biomolecules involved in the synthesis process, which showed absorption bands at 4307, 3390, 2825, 871, 439, and 420 cm−1. SEM images showed that the particles were spherical in nature. The presence of zinc and oxygen was confirmed by EDX and the atomic % of zinc and oxygen were 33.31 and 68.69, respectively. 2D and 3D images of ZnO nanoparticles were obtained by AFM studies, which indicated that these are monodisperse having size ranges between 1.5 and 8.5 nm. Significant enhancement of growth was observed in Neem (Azadirachta indica), Karanj (Pongamia pinnata), and Milkwood-pine (Alstonia scholaris) seedlings in foliar spraying ZnO nanoparticles to nursery stage of tree seedlings. Out of the three treated saplings, Alstonia scholaris showed maximum height development.

Biofabrication of Ag nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf extract and their antimicrobial activity

Objective To formulate a simple rapid procedure for bioreduction of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaves extract of Moringa oleifera ( M. oleifera). Methods 10 mL of leaf extract was mixed to 90 mL of 1 mM aqueous of AgNO 3 and was heated at 60–80 °C for 20 min. A change from brown to reddish color was observed. Characterization using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was performed. Results TEM showed the formation of silver nanoparticles with an average size of 57 nm. Conclusions M. oleifera demonstrates strong potential for synthesis of silver nanoparticles by rapid reduction of silver ions (Ag + to Ag 0). Biological methods are good competents for the chemical procedures, which are eco-friendly and convenient.