MKCG Medical College Research Articles

Assessing AI chatbots efficacy in ophthalmic triage and referrals: A comparative study

To evaluate the efficacy of AI chatbots (OpenAI ChatGPT GPT-3.5, Google Bard, and WebMD) compared to human ophthalmology trainees in triage and referrals for common ophthalmic conditions. A single-center study was conducted at MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, involving six ophthalmology trainees. The performance of AI chatbots was assessed based on diagnostic accuracy and triage categorization. Key performance indicators included the accuracy of the top three suggested diagnoses and concordance in recommendations for investigations and referrals. Physician respondents identified the correct diagnosis among the top three suggestions in 95% of cases. Google Bard achieved 90% accuracy, ChatGPT 85%, and WebMD 20%. High concordance was observed between physician and AI recommendations for investigations and referrals. AI chatbots demonstrate promising potential in supporting triage and referral decisions for ophthalmic conditions. While human expertise remains crucial, AI tools can augment diagnostic accuracy, improve efficiency, and enhance patient care. Future research should focus on refining AI algorithms, integrating clinical data, and exploring real-world implementation strategies.

Oral Hygiene Awareness and Practices among Patients Attending the General OPD of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha

Oral Hygiene Awareness and Practices among Patients Attending the General OPD of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha

Rabies death in a prisoner: necessity for medical history documentation

Rabies is a zoonotic illness with a high mortality rate that attacks mammals' central nervous systems. It is a viral illness that may be avoided with immunization. Up to 99% of the human rabies transmissions occur in dogs, making them the primary cause of rabies mortality in humans. It is a case-report of rabies death in a 55-years old male, a prisoner from Phulbani Jail (Kandhamal), who was presented to MKCG Medical College and Hospital casualty with with chief complaints of difficulty in breathing and difficulty in drinking water since last night on 17 July 2023, at 11:19 pm. The patient had a history of dog bite exposure four years ago, for which he had not received any post-exposure prophylaxis. The patient was identified as having a likely case of rabies based on his previous history of animal bite and clinical manifestations. Patient was declared dead on 18 July 2023 at 10:30 am. Rabies diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination of brain sample which showed presence of Negri bodies. This case-report focuses on the importance of proper medical history information including any animal bite exposure especially for convicts before admitting in prison so as to avoid later morbidity and its legal consequences. Such kind of incident also shows that there is lack of awareness regarding rabies in community. In this instance, mortality may have been prevented if the patient had finished the anti-rabies vaccine regimen and made it to a higher center in time for immunoglobulin. Increasing rabies vaccination awareness among the general public can help reduce rabies-related deaths.

IJCM_370A: Assessment of factors associated with School Dropouts among adolescent: A Cross- Sectional study conducted in urban slums of Berhampur city

Background: As per National Education Policy (NEP) report, the gross enrolment ratio for class 6-8, class 9-10 and class 11-12 was 91%, 79%and 57% respectively. Education plays crucial role in development of economic, social and income of a country. Dropping out leads to under employments, mental health, delinquency and a lower quality of life for young people. Objective: To assess the determinants of school dropouts among adolescent and factor associated with it among adolescent. Methodology: A cross- sectional study was conducted for 3 months from the month of November 2023 to January 2024. Multistage random sampling was done. Participants were interviewed using pre- tested semi- structed questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS in the Department of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical College, and Hospital. Results: All of the study population belonged to Hinduism, 64.29% were boys and 35.71% were girls. School dropouts were significantly less among adolescent whose mother were educated (65%) than in uneducated. The likelihood of dropout among older boys are 2times more than in younger boys who consumed any substances. Lack of interest in studies (38%), family reasons (29%) and paid work (22%) were predominant reasons among adolescents. Conclusion: There is need to improve socio- economic status, delay of marital ages of girls, and enhanced government incentives for education and spread awareness.

IJCM_247A: Perception of Medical Students on Family Adoption Programme; A Study conducted in a Medical College of Odisha.

Background: Community engagement in medical education gives the students an insight into the living conditions of the public and how they influence their health. Community Medicine department accomplish this through field practice and family health studies. The Family Adoption Programme (FAP), newly mandated for all medical undergraduate students, brings its own set of challenges and opportunities. Family Adoption Programme aims to provide an experiential learning opportunity to Indian medical graduates towards community-based health care and thereby equity in health Objectives: 1. To study the perceptions of Phase I MBBS Students on Family Adoption Program. 2. To determine the output of FAP implementation in MBBS curriculum. Methodology: A Cross-sectional study was conducted between August to November 2023 including 1st year MBBS students of MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha. A brief orientation was conducted by Dept. of Community Medicine on needs and competencies of FAP as recommended by the National Medical Commission(NMC). Students were sensitized to the FAP proforma prepared by the department. Periodic FAP visits for students in 4 groups was planned & conducted along with their assigned mentors at the selected nearby village. During these visits, students interacted with the families and details regarding health profile of the family were documented. Students perception & feedback was taken by Questionnaire using Google Form. A total 250 students were enrolled in FAP and 172 submitted their feedback. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests and software. Results: The study included 172 1st year MBBS students with age range of 18-26 years & mean age of 20.58± 1.315 years. Among them, 66.9% were males & 33.1% were females.66.9% of students responded that FAP was a very good experience.55.2% of study participants were satisfied with their adopted family. Most of the students were interested to be a part of such activity throughout the professional years. Conclusion: Implementation of FAP requires meticulous planning, intersectoral co-ordination, good sensitization and training activities

IJCM_103A: Cost Benefit Analysis Related to Community Acquired Pneumonia inpatients among Geriatric Age Group-A Study Conducted in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common acute infectious disease among elderly people, and is associated with high rates of hospital admission and mortality. Old Age and male sex are known risk factors for CAP among adults and many comorbidity are also risk factors for CAP, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, cancer, dementia, congestive heart failure, and liver function failure. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the economic burden of community- acquired pneumonia (CAP) among elderly patients in Berhampur, Odisha. In addition, the study evaluated the relationship between total treatment cost and CAP risk factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the IPD of MKCG MKCG Medical College of Berhampur in the period of September-November 2023. Purposive sampling was used and data was collected using semi structured questionnaire and analyzed by MS Excel 2017 Results: Among 348 are inpatient CAP episodes the mean ages were 63±8 years in outpatient group and 70±4 yrs in inpatient groups respectively. The Median treatment cost is Rs.3000/-INR per outpatient episode and Rs 10060/-INR per inpatient episode.Old patient, Male sex, Diabetes, Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease, liver dysfunction were associated with increased treatment cost. Conclusion: The economic burden of CAP might be decreased by reducing the number of hospitalizations for mild CAP and the incidence of severe CAP. Therefore, preventative care (e.g. oral hygiene or pneumococcus vaccination) is recommended for patients with related risk factors, such as male sex, older age, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Donor notification and impact of counselling of reactive blood donors in the blood centre of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Odisha in eastern India

To ensure blood safety in blood transfusion service, the practice of donor screening, donor notification and counselling is essential. The aim of the study was to analyse the response rate of notified reactive donors to counselling and to see the impact of donor notification on reactive donors. A observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the blood centre of department of Transfusion Medicine, MKCG Medical College and Hospital Berhampur, Odisha during the time period from January 2022 to December 2022. Data was collected from reactive blood donor counselling register. Sero-reactive donors were contacted telephonically. Those who turned up into blood centre were counselled again and referred to appropriate centre for further management. The statistical analysis was done using percentages based on descriptive analysis.Out of total 32700 donations over a period of one year, 726 (2.22%) were reactive donors. Out of the total 726 donors, 496 (68.31%) donors could be notified telephonically, rest 230 could not be notified due to several reasons. Out of 496, 352(48.48%) were responders, who were counselled and referred to higher centres for further management. The response rate was 48.48%. Only 24 sero-reactive donors could be followed up. Pre-donation counselling, appropriate TTI screening test, donor notification and post donation counselling all together form a vital link between blood donors and blood safety, however the gap still exists.

Antiarthritic potential of ethanolic extract of Ixora coccinea leaves on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in animal model.

Ixora coccinea leaves possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimutagenic, and gastroprotective properties. On this background, its antiarthritic potential was evaluated. The objective is to evaluate the effect of Ethanolic extract of Ixora coccinea leaves (EEICL) on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. PG research laboratory, Pharmacology Department, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha. Thirty-six Wistar albino rats were randomly distributed into sixgroups (n = 6) as follows: Gr 1 (normal control)-DW p.o, Gr-2 (disease control [DC] - Tween 80 p.o), Gr-3 (piroxicam 0.9 mg/kg p.o), Gr-4 (EEICL-1 g/kg, p.o, Gr 4-EEICL-1.5 g/kg p.o, Gr 5-ED50 (0.82 g/kg) + piroxicam (0.45 mg/kg) p.o. After induction of arthritis, drugs, and vehicles were administered daily from 5th to 25th day. On 0, 5th, 10th, 15th, and 25th day, parameters like body weight, rotarod fall time, paw volume displacement, and arthritis index were measured. On the last day, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and histopathological analysis were done. Analysis of parametric data was done by one-way ANOVA and nonparametric data by Kruskal-Wallis test using graph pad prism 7.0. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. EEICL (1.5 mg/kg) showed anti-arthritic effect compared with DC. Rotarod fall-off time 137.5 ± 2.5 sec and body weight (139 ± 12.74 g) were increased significantly. The percentage inhibition of paw volume was increased(52%) whereas arthritic score(0.33), ESR(3.51mm/hr), synovial tissue MDA level (0.62±0.13µmol/gm) and Mankin score(2) were reduced significantly as compared to disease control. EEICL has anti-arthritic potential in rat model.

Correlation of Serum Neutrophil Gelatinaseassociated Lipocalin with Clinical Severity Score in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a term that encompasses various clinical presentations such as ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Non STEMI (NSTEMI), or unstable angina. Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL), also known as lipocalin-2, belongs to the lipocalin category of extracellular proteins. Recent research indicates that NGAL levels are increased in different cardiac situations, regardless of the presence of acute renal injury. Aim: To compare the levels of serum NGAL and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scores between cases with ACS and Angio-negative cases, and to study the correlation of serum NGAL with the GRACE score (clinical severity score) in ACS patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 128 patients at the Department of Biochemistry, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India, presenting to the Cardiac Emergency Department from November 2020 to August 2021. Coronary Angiograms (CAG) were done to confirm the presence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), and patients were grouped accordingly as Group-1 with ACS patients and Group-2 with angiogram-negative cases. Apart from the routine work-up, including serum urea and creatinine, serum electrolytes, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and management, all patients underwent determination of serum NGAL levels and GRACE score at admission. The data were analysis using student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation test. Results: Among the 128 participants (64 cases in Group-1 and 64 cases in Group-2), Group-1 comprised 37 cases of STEMI, 26 cases of NSTEMI, and one case of unstable angina. Serum NGAL levels were significantly elevated in patients with CAGproven ACS (140.89±56.47 ng/mL) without any renal dysfunction, sepsis, or overt infection compared to patients without CAD on CAG (52.01±18.39 ng/mL) (p&lt;0.0001). The serum NGAL level exhibited a positive correlation of 0.359 (p=0.004) with the severity of ACS, as measured by the GRACE score. Conclusion: The present study suggests that serum NGAL in patients with ACS may serve as a potential novel biomarker for risk stratification and predicting the severity of the disease.

Correlation of Serum Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 with Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure among Newly Diagnosed Primary Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor expressed in adipose tissue, causes inflammation in hypertension and vice versa. The excess adipose tissue increases the production of PAI-1. There have been no relevant studies conducted on PAI-1 in southern Odisha in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI) and hypertension. Aim: To compare the BMI, Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist Circumference (WC), and serum levels of PAI-1 in hypertensive cases with controls, and also to correlate the serum level of PAI-1 with BMI and blood pressure. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Medicine of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India from November 2020 to August 2021. A total of 45 newly diagnosed primary hypertensive patients and 43 healthy age and sex-matched individuals between the ages of 18 to 60 years were enrolled in the study. Serum PAI-1 was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). BMI, WC, hip circumference, WHR, and blood pressures of the controls as well as cases were recorded. Data were statistically analysed using the Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The proportion of males was higher (56%) than females (44%). The cases had a significantly higher level of serum PAI-1 (203.36 ng/mL) compared to the control group (60.11 ng/mL) (p-value&lt;0.001). The cases had a higher BMI, WC (meters), and WHR compared to the control group. The serum PAI-1 level positively correlated with Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (r-value=0.852, p-value&lt;0.001), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (r-value=0.726, p-value=0.000), BMI (r-value=0.620, p-value=0.001), WC (r-value=0.444, p-value=0.002), and WHR (r-value=0.593, p-value&lt;0.001). Conclusion: A high serum PAI-1 level was found in the newly diagnosed hypertensive cases, and a significant positive correlation was observed between PAI-1 and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, along with BMI, WC, and WHR.

Clinico-pathological evaluation of gastric adeno carcinoma with reference to ki-67 LI immuno-staining

Gastric cancer is a life-threatening disease accounting for the one of the most common types of disease and second most that cause the cancer which lead to death. Many molecular markers were established as a possible prognostic factor apart from routine grading and TNM staging. The variable prognosis of gastric cancer within a pathological grade necessitates a newer marker which can be correlated with the prognosis and aggressiveness of the disease. ki-67 is a nuclear protein that is known as a marker of cellular proliferation and ribosomal RNA transcription. According to analysis, the ki-67 is a nuclear proliferation antigen affecting the health of the people as it cannot be cycle in the resting phase. Moreover, the fraction of ki-67 is clinical course of various cancers. To evaluate the expression of ki-67 LI in gastric cancer and correlate the findings with various clinico-pathological features.Prospective study was conducted from October 2018 to September 2021 at the department of Pathology, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha. Two sets of 3–4-micron thickness of tissue sections prepared from blocks of histologically confirmed cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were taken, one for routine H&amp;E and other for ki-67 LI IHC study. IHC protocol of DAKO was followed along with DAB visualisation. The results were correlated with different clinico-pathological features of Gastric cancer. Higher ki-67 LI was correlated significantly with tumour location, histological grade and type but not with age and sex.In our study, IHC assessment of ki-67 LI correlates well with histological grade and type of tumour. ki-67 LI can be taken as a useful method in identifying aggressiveness of the tumour with an indication of adjuvant chemotherapy. Post-operative follow-up and large sample size could throw more light.

Evaluation of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Ki 67 immunoexpression in epithelial ovarian tumors with histopathological correlation

Abstract Background: Ovarian cancer ranks sixth among women’s cancers globally and seventh among cancer-related deaths. Around 90% of ovarian cancers have an epithelial genesis. Steroid hormones like progesterone and estrogen largely influence the development of ovarian cancers. In ovarian neoplasms, the proliferation marker Ki 67 helps forecast the course of the disease. Objective: To study the immunohistochemical expression pattern of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki 67 in the surface epithelial ovarian tumors (SEOTs) and correlate the findings with the standard histopathological. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, from November 2020 to October 2022 on 62 surface epithelial ovarian tumor cases. All the patients were evaluated for standard histopathological parameters and immuno-histochemistry (IHC) status using ER, PR, and Ki 67 as primary antibodies. Results: A total of 62 cases of SEOTs constituted the study group, of which 42 (67.74%) were benign, 5 (8.06%) were borderline, and 15 (24.2%) were malignant on histopathological evaluation: serous SEOTs (41, 66.12%), mucinous SEOTs (18, 29.03%), endometrioid SEOTs (2, 3.22%), and clear cell carcinoma (1, 1.61%). ER expression was more in malignant tumors (10/15; 66.66%) than in borderline (3/5; 60%) and benign (11/42; 26.19%), but the expression of PR was more in benign (27/42; 64.28%), followed by borderline (3/5; 60%) and malignant (8/15; 53.33%) SEOTs. Expression of Ki 67 was found to be more malignant (14/15; 93.33%) than borderline (4/5; 80%) and benign (2/42; 4.76%) SEOTs. Conclusion: ER and Ki 67 were expressed more in malignant, followed by borderline and benign, whereas PR expression was more innocent than borderline and malignant.

Morphometric analysis of the Proximal End of the Dry Adult Tibia : A Cross-sectional Study from Eastern India

Introduction: The morphometric measurement of the proximal tibia plays an important role in determining the clinical outcome of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), including long-term survivorship and quality of life for patients. However, due to ethnic and geographical variations in these measurements, findings from western countries cannot be directly applied to the Asian population or any other subpopulation. Aim: To describe the anatomical morphometry of the proximal tibia in the East Indian population and to explore any associations of these measurements with sex and laterality. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India, from August 2020 to August 2022. A total of 200 fully ossified, dry, and processed bones from both sides, which were grossly normal and complete, were obtained from the Department of Anatomy of various medical colleges in Odisha, India. Different measurements of the tibia, such as Mediolateral Length (ML), anteroposterior length of the medial and lateral condyles, circumference, intercondylar region, and tibial tuberosity, were measured using standard procedures and standardised vernier calipers. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). A comparison of means between two groups was conducted using an independent sample t-test, and correlation between two quantitative variables was assessed using Pearson correlation. Results: Out of the included bones, 114 (57%) were male tibiae, and 116 (58.0%) were right-side tibiae. The ML, anteroposterior length of the lateral and medial condyles, intercondylar area, tibia to tibial tuberosity length, and circumference were measured as 67.91 mm, 39.44 mm, 42.72 mm, 42.73 mm, 33.48 mm, and 19.37 mm, respectively. The ML showed a significant positive correlation (p-value &lt; 0.001) with the anteroposterior length of the lateral tibial plateau, medial tibial plateau, and intercondylar area, with correlation coefficients (r) values of 0.726, 0.762, and 0.747, respectively. All morphometric parameters were comparable between the right and left sides of the tibia. ML, anteroposterior length of the lateral and medial condyles, intercondylar area, circumference, and tibia to tibial tuberosity length were significantly higher in males compared to females. Conclusion: This study provides a description of the morphometric parameters of the tibia among the Eastern Indian population. Although there was no significant difference in laterality, the parameters of male tibiae were significantly higher compared to females.

Prognostic Relevance of Serum Ferritin on Short Term and Long term Outcome In Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective-Over the decades coronary artery disease appears to be an emerging cause of mortality andmorbidity. Elevated serum ferritin as a risk factor for development of AMI. However its role with regard tooutcome and prognosis of AMI still remains a matter of debate. Hence, the present study was aimed toestimate the prognostic relevance of serum ferritin in relation to short term and long term survival outcomes inpatients with AMI.Methods- Out of a total number of 100 patients,with first AMI (50 of STEMI &amp; 50 of NSTEMI diagnosis)admitted within 12 hours of the onset of chest pain to coronary care units at MKCG MedicalCollege&amp;Hospital over a period of 1 year. Serum ferritin was measured using an ELISA assay by a special kit.The patients were divided into three groups according to Serum ferritin level.i.e.(1sttertile:&lt;120 ng/ml,2ndtertile:120 to 220 ng/ml and 3rd tertile:&gt;220 ng/ml).Baselinecharacteristics,LVEjection Fraction, Killipfunctional class and outcomes were compared among three different groups of serum ferritin.Results:There was a significant correlation between serum ferritin and LV ejection fraction(p=0.01),Killipclass(p=0.03) and mortality(p=0.03). Lower and higher levels of ferritin (1st and 3rd tertiles, ≤ 120; &gt;220 ng/ml,respectively) were associated with a higher incidence of HF during hospitalization and death at 1 year.Conclusion:Raised serum ferritin is associated with worse short term and longterm outcome followingmyocardial infarction.

STUDY OF CLINICAL AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PROFILE IN PATIENTS OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

Objective: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the third most common cause of heart failure (HF) and is the most common cardiomyopathy. The present study was undertaken with the aim to study the different clinical presentations of dilated cardiomyopathy, to correlate echocardiography findings with different clinical presentations and to find out the variables which determine the poor outcomes.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India from November 2019 to November 2021. Fifty cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (28 males &amp; 22 females), diagnosed on clinical and echocardiography criteria in the Department of General Medicine and Cardiology were selected for the study.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: Out of 50 cases, there were 28(56%) males and 22(44%) females giving male to female ratio 1.27:1. Forty (80%) were idiopathic. Dyspnea was most common presenting clinical feature in 43(86%) cases. In echo study, maximum number of cases (n=21, 42%) were having ejection fraction (EF) in the range of 36-40% and maximum number of cases (n=26, 52%) had severe fractional shortening (FS).&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: DCM is one of the commonest causes of heart failure and is most common type of cardiomyopathy found in middle aged and elderly male population. Biventricular failure followed by left ventricular failure was the most frequent clinical presentation. Early identification and treatment are very essential to improve cardiac function and alleviate patient symptomology.

Clinical features and management of the hydatid cyst of the liver

Introduction: In India, hydatid cysts of the liver are a serious yet untreated public health issue. Aim: To assess the sociodemographic traits, clinical manifestations, and treatment of individuals with liver hydatid cysts in a developing nation. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Department of General Surgery, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur over a period of 24 months from July 2019- June 2021. 23 individuals who were diagnosed with a liver hydatid cyst based on clinical symptoms, imaging tests, or serology underwent a retrospective, descriptive analysis. The data was evaluated and statistically analysed using IBM® SPSS® 23.0, for Windows®, to bring out the results of the study. Results: The patients' average age was 36, with the age range of 25 to 45 being the most frequently afflicted (10, 43.47%).The majority of the patients were female (56.5%). The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain (21, 91.3%) and palpable liver (7, 30.4 %).The two main imaging tests utilised to make a diagnosis were computed tomography and abdominal ultrasonography. The most common type of cystic lesion was unilocular and anechoic.

Clinico surgical experience of thyroglossal duct cysts in a tertiary care hospital of Southern Odisha

Introduction: The thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC, also known as the thyroglossal tract remnant, or TTR) is a well-known developmental anomaly that affects roughly 7% of the population. It often manifests as a movable, painless lump. Objectives: to report our 2 years of clinical experience with thyroglossal cysts in terms of clinical aspects and surgical findings. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in Department of General Surgery, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur over a period of 24 months from July 2019- June 2021. Results: The majority (72.72%) were under the age of fifteen. Patients aged 16 -30 years made about 24.24% of the patient population. Males made up 63.63 % of the population, while females made up 36.36%. 88% of patients had neck swelling when they arrived. 15.15% of patients exhibited erythema/redness over swelling, and 18.18% felt tenderness. 15.15% of patients at presentation had painful swelling and deglutination. 18.8% of patients reported having experienced recurrent neck swelling in the previous two years, while 12.12 % only had recurring discharge from the midline neck.

Effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on neonatal outcomes in babies with perinatal asphyxia

Introduction- With a relatively scant evidence base in Indian population, this study aimed to determine the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulphate in neonates with moderate to severe perinatal asphyxia on the severity of seizures, number of anticonvulsants used, duration of hospitalization and feeding pattern at discharge. Methodology- This was a non-blinded randomized controlled trial that was conducted among 227 neonates admitted to the SNCU of MKCG Medical College Hospital. Randomization and allocation of eligible neonates was done using software. The intervention used was magnesium sulfate given intravenously by trained pediatricians in a loading dose of 250 mg/kg/dose, given over 1 hour in 20 ml of 5% dextrose solution. This was given at the time of admission followed by two infusions of the same dosage after 24 and 48 hours of the first dose. Outcomes on neonatal feeding, survival, need for medications and seizure management were recorded and analysed using an intention to treat protocol. Results- The distribution of most clinico-social parameters were comparable between the 2 groups. The babies who received MgSO4 within 6 hours of life achieved earlier initiation of feeds (32 hours) as compared to control groups (63 hrs). They also reached full feeding significantly earlier.

Maternal &amp; fetal risk factors for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns

Introduction- Perinatal hypoxia leading to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of neonatal and under 5 mortality across the world and in India. There are wide regional and social variations in the risk factors associated with HIE and this study was conducted to assess the maternal &amp; fetal risk factors in newborns with moderate to severe HIE. Methodology- This was a case-control study at the SNCU of MKCG Medical College and Hospital in southern Odisha where 100 cases of HIE and 100 matched controls were recruited over a period of 2 years. Data on maternal, antenatal, intrapartum, and post-delivery risk factors were collected from medical records and history taking using a pre-defined proforma. Comparative bivariate analysis was done to assess the strength of association of these risk factors between the two groups. Results- The incidence of HIE is more in 20-30 years age group, however, risk of HIE is significant in &lt;20 years age group. Maternal anemia is a significant risk factor but Bad Obstetric History (BOH) has only clinical correlation. There is no statistical significance for antepartum hemorrhage (APH), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in cases of HIE.

Left ventricular dysfunction in patients with HIV/AIDSon HAART in correlation with CD4 count

According to World Health Organization (WHO) global HIV report 2019, people living with HIV is about 38 million. Especially after the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), in PLHIV, cardiovascular complications signify an increasingly important health concern. This vastly active HAART regimen has provided more efficient prophylactic treatment. With the increased duration of survival, this has progressed to an increased episodes of cardiovascular complications associated with PLHA. The following review overviews the left ventricular dysfunction in patients with HIV infection on HAART focusing on early diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. It is a Cross sectional study conducted on HIV infected patients attending ART clinic and admitted in medicine wards of MKCG medical college &amp; Hospital from MARCH 2017 to OCTOBER 2018 were included in the study. Maximum patients were in the age group 25 – 49 years (68.44%) in our study. Mean age of the study group 41.32 + 11.24 years. Gender distribution shows that 82.46% of the patients were males and 14.04% were females. 4 (7%) patients have cardiac disorder. All the patients having cardiac disorders are male. Only 2 patients (3.5%) had left ventricular dysfunction with reduced ejection fraction. Males are involved more than females. Most patients are in the middle age group between 25 – 49 years. Heterosexual mode was the most common mode of transmission. Most of the study population belonged to rural area 61.4%. Three patients (5.3%) were on anti tubercular drugs. The systolic LV dysfunction was found in 50% of PLHA patients with cardiac disorders. CD4 count was positively correlated with fractional shortening. Presence of cardiac dysfunction was significantly associated with the adherence to ART treatment.