Mixture Of Wood Research Articles

Development of a glue bonded shear connections aimed for mass timber composites

Mass timber composites (MTCs) generally require stiff glued connections to meet serviceability design criteria; however, achieving stiff glued connections without conventional pressing infrastructure can necessitate alternative gap filling adhesives. A readily available construction adhesive with potential for use with alternative pressing methods is investigated to develop the needed information for its commercial application in MTCs. The glue line thickness, surface coverage, three contact pressures, and how these parameters influence the load-slip curve of the connection when loaded in pure shear are investigated. The average glue line thickness ranged from 0.76 to 0.33 mm, with lower pressures having thicker glue lines and higher pressures having thinner glue lines. The planning precision was found to be more critical than clamping pressure for glue line thickness. Based on glue bond thickness testing and fabrication experience it is recommended to use 1.2–1.4 mm2 of adhesive per mm width to create full coverage glue bonds without excessive adhesive squeeze out. When tested under pure shear, specimens were observed to fail with a mixture of wood and glue, with more glue failure present as the pressure was increased. The initial stiffness of the connection tended to increase with clamping pressure, while the strength tended to decrease. Two bi-linear data fit models are applied to determine the yield point and simplify the load-slip behaviour for use in design analysis. Overall, the 75% max load method better fit the behaviour and was simpler to apply. The shear strength and stiffness achieved experimentally across all pressures were comparable to other glue connection literature results, and when applied in the design of a 10 m long MTC ribbed panel all pressures achieved near fully composite action. Overall, the adhesive has shown to be an easy to apply and structurally viable connection alternative for MTCs.

Fast co-pyrolysis of wood and plastic: Evaluation of the primary gaseous products

Bio-oil derived from fast pyrolysis of wood contains oxygenates and has a relatively low heating value. These are challenges that need to be tackled if wood-derived bio-oil is to be used as drop-in fuels. The bio-oil can be obtained by condensation of gaseous products. Using a material with no oxygen in addition to wood during fast pyrolysis could be a technique to reduce the formation of oxygenates and promote a hydrocarbon-rich product. This work aims to evaluate the primary gaseous products formed during fast co-pyrolysis of birch wood and plastic. The pyrolysis was performed in a micropyrolyser at 600 °C with a residence time of 5 s. Birch wood and plastic were melt-mixed at different weight ratios to study possible interaction effects upon pyrolysis. The different plastics used were low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS). The total gaseous product was between 10–20 wt% from Wood-LDPE or Wood-PP, while it was in the range 15–90 wt% from Wood-PS. The analysis of gas product found that the formation of oxygenates (up to 9 wt%) was lower than expected (up to 14 wt%) for the mixtures of wood and plastic compared to the pure materials (about 18 wt%). The reduction of oxygenates (up to 90 %) was mainly due to a lower production of ketones, carboxylic acids and aldehydes. Maximum hydrocarbons in the gas phase from binary mixtures were around 8, 15 and 55 wt% from Wood-LDPE, Wood-PP and Wood-PS, respectively. The most significant difference between experimental and estimated values assuming no interaction among hydrocarbons was observed in the case of alkenes and alkanes for Wood-LDPE, as well as alkanes for Wood-PS, while the Wood and PP mixture showed almost no signs of interaction. This work is beneficial for understanding interactions between wood and plastics, and could be used to reduce the amount of oxygenates from wood pyrolysis and reduce the need for upgrading.

Development of lab-scale gasification systems for different possible applications

The goal of gasification is the conversion of solid fuels or carbonaceous wastes to gas that can be further used energetically or for chemically utilisation. Due to cost-effectiveness and gaining experience, the industrial application of new systems and raw materials or mixtures must be preceded by laboratory-scale experiments. The manuscript presents the laboratory scale gasification systems we designed and used, as well as the difficulties experienced during the implementation (e.g. water introduction, sealing, etc.). In addition to these, the results of one-, two- and three-stage experiments are presented as examples, where different materials such as a mixture of wood and canteen waste, brown coal and refuse derived fuel (RDF) were used for testing the system.

Evaluation of the Oriented Strand Board Properties Produced Using Tropical Wood Mixtures

The objective of this study was to evaluate the composition of OSB panels created using the Amazonian species Caryocar villosum Aubl., Erisma uncinatum Warm., and Hymenolobium excelsum Ducke. The OSB was produced using a phenol–formaldehyde adhesive at a ratio of 30:40:30 for each layer. Different mixtures of Amazonian wood and Pinus caribaea var. caribaea. were tested. Physical (water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 h of immersion in water and non-return rate in thickness) and mechanical (internal bond and parallel and perpendicular static bending) tests were performed. The OSB panels composed of wood mixtures absorbed less water after 2 and 24 h of immersion when compared to the OSB produced using pine wood. After 24 h of immersion in water, the T3 panel (40% Pinus caribaea + 40% Hymenolobium excelsum + 20% Caryocar villosum) presented the lowest absorption value. In terms of swelling in thickness at 2 h and 24 h, the panel composed of 100% pine strands showed the highest swelling value, while the T3 treatment exhibited the lowest swelling value at 2 and 24 h, as well as for the rate of non-return in thickness. Regarding mechanical properties, we observed that all panels exhibited similar resistance for both parallel and perpendicular Modulus of Rupture, as well as parallel and perpendicular Modulus of Elasticity, except for the internal bond, where T3 demonstrated the highest resistance. Additionally, some OSB panels met the requirements of the EN 300 standard for OSB panels.

Influence of wood type on anthraquinone levels and quality properties of smoked chipotle pepper

This study aimed to assess the effects of pecan and mesquite wood, as well as smoking time, on anthraquinone (AQ) levels and quality properties of chipotle pepper (CHP) during the traditional smoking process. Changes in moisture content, microstructure, levels of total phenols (TPs), AQ, capsaicin (CAPS), dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), total polyphenols (TPPs), and total antioxidant activity (TAA), as well as color parameters, were measured. A wood mixture consisting of pecan, poplar, mesquite, and pine was used as the control. The CHP moisture content consistently decreased from 12 to 108 h of smoking, with long times exhibiting asymptotic trends across all treatments. Concurrently, structural changes, such as pericarp thinning and plant tissue collapse, were observed as the smoking process progressed. The wood type and processing time had a significant impact (P < 0.05) on TPs, AQ, CAPS, DHC, TAA levels, and color. TPs and AQ exhibited behavior opposite to that of the moisture content. CHP smoked in mesquite wood exhibited the highest TPs absorption rate and the lowest AQ levels. However, the AQ levels in CHP using any wood type exceeded permissible limits (0.02 mg·kg−1) at 12 h of processing, with the control exhibiting the highest AQ concentrations. The highest concentrations of CAPS and DHC were observed at 36 h in all treatments, with lower losses in mesquite wood CHP. The control exhibited the highest TAA values compared to fresh peppers. CHP color (a*, redness) decreased throughout the smoking process. The pecan and mesquite wood treatments resulted in the lowest loss of a* (P < 0.05). These results indicate that using mesquite wood for CHP production promotes higher TPs concentrations with lower AQ levels, followed by pecan wood, when compared to the control. These findings suggest the need to investigate the mechanisms of AQ formation to achieve CHP parameters within the regulatory limits with good quality.

The effect of adding wood and temperature on the carbonization of chicken manure and the properties of biochars

The paper presents characterization of chicken manure and mixture of chicken manure (CM) and beech wood (WB) carbonization at 450 and 600 °C. Experiments were carried out in small scale batch reactor. The obtained results indicate that increase in the amount of beech wood in the pellets caused increase in fixed carbon content and also affected increase in the calorific value of biochar. The results show that biochar obtained in the carbonization process of chicken manure cannot be used for the barbecue charcoal production, which is caused by low Cfix and high ash content. Because of this, adding wood may be a good solution for the carbonization process. Experimental investigation showed that carbonization of pellets consisting of CM50 % and CM25 % lead to obtained biochar which meets standards for briquette barbecue production. Experimental results showed the possibility of using pyrolysis gases for energy purposes. Carbonization in different temperatures lead to production of pyrolysis gas mixtures with calorific value higher than the energy demand of the process. Moreover obtained energy contained in gases can cover the part of the heat demand of the farm. Analysis of heavy metals content showed that biochars meet the standards defined by the International Biochar Initiative.

Simulation and experimental study of refuse-derived fuel gasification in an updraft gasifier

Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) made from the mixture of wood and loose rice husk increases the porosity of the fuel in the furnace to facilitate the gasification process. Simulation results show that CO is concentrated in the incomplete combustion zone and CO2 forms mainly in the fully burned area; CH4 forms in the reduction region, while H2 forms in the region of high temperature of the furnace. When the mixture composition was f=0.3, the CO concentration in the syngas reached about 21%, the H2 concentration reached about 2% and the CH4 concentration was too low to be ignored. When the mixture composition increased to f = 0.5, the CO concentration reached about 26%, the H2 concentration remained almost unchanged and the CH4 content increased to 6%. The calorific value of the syngas reached a maximum when f = 0.5 and the temperature of the reduction zone is in the range of 900K to 1200K. Air humidity affects CO concentration but not much on CH4 and H2 concentration as well as the syngas calorific value. The difference between simulation and experimental results is not more than 10% for CH4 concentration and not more than 14% for CO2 concentration. The power of the spark ignition engine is reduced by 30% when running on syngas compared to when running on gasoline.

Fuel Gas Production from the Co-Gasification of Coal, Plastic Waste, and Wood in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effect of Gasifying Agent and Bed Material

In this study, the effect of gasifying agent and bed material on the performance of the co-gasification of a mixture of coal, plastic waste, and wood was investigated. The experimental runs were carried out in a lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor utilizing air, oxygen-enriched air, a mixture of air and steam, and a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide as reactant gases, while silica sand, olivine, and a mixture of olivine and dolomite as bed materials were used. The results indicated that both gasifying agent and bed material strongly affect the gas composition and, as a consequence, the process performance. In particular, the test with oxygen-enriched air and silica sand provided a producer gas with the highest heating value (9.32 MJ/Nm3), while the best performance in terms of gas yield (2.98 Nm3/kg) and tar reduction (−94.5%) was obtained by utilizing the air/steam mixture and olivine. As regards tar composition, it was observed that the most abundant and recalcitrant tar substance groups are naphthalenes and PAHs. On the other hand, phenols and furans appear to be the most sensitive groups to the effect of gasifying agent and bed material.

Fuel Properties of Slab Wastes from Sengon Sawmills: A Case Study in Sleman and Wonosobo Regencies

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) is a fast-growing and versatile species that has been established in community forests. Many sawmills utilize sengon wood as a raw material which generates wastes in the form of sawdust and slab consisting of a mixture of bark and wood. Those wastes are widely used by communities and home industries as fuel. The objective of this study was to characterize the energy properties of slab wastes from sengon sawmills in Wonosobo dan Sleman Regencies. The results showed that the calorific value and fuelwood value index (FVI) ranges were 4,089 to 4,749 cal/g and 2.71 to 18.74, respectively. The values of density ranged from 0.23 to 0.94 g/cm3. The proximate analysis showed that the values of moisture and ash contents ranged from 13.90 to 20.03% and from 0.30 to 4.59%, respectively, whereas volatile matter and fixed carbon contents ranged from 75.84 to 88.94% and from 10.23 to 20.62%, respectively. In general, the slab samples from Wonosobo gave higher values in fixed carbon content and FVI but smaller values in density, moisture content, volatile matter content, and ash content than those of the samples in Sleman. The bark part showed higher amounts in density, moisture content, fixed carbon content, and ash content but lower in volatile matter content, calorific value, and FVI than the wood part. Based on the wood consumption, sawmill recovery, calorific value, and dry weight biomass value, the potential annual energy from slab wastes in Sleman and Wonosobo reached 1,374 × 1013 cal (equivalent to 1,525,222 L of kerosene) and 1.521 × 1014 cal (equivalent to 16,884,016 L of kerosene), respectively.

An Experimentally Validated Selection Protocol for Biochar as a Sustainable Component in Green Roofs

Green roofs contribute to more sustainable cities, but current commercial substrates suffer from important limitations. If carefully selected, biochar could serve as a viable option for a more sustainable green roof substrate. We propose a protocol to select an optimal biochar for green roof substrate amendment. Coffee husks, medium-density fiberboard, palm date fronds, and a mixture of waste wood, tree bark, and olive stone kernels are selected as residues for biochar production to develop a selection protocol. The residues are pyrolyzed at 350, 450, 500, and 550 °C in a lab-scale reactor. A pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C is selected for upscaling and is based on biochar yield, pH, salinity, and elemental composition. From evaluating the biochar characteristics after upscaling, it can be concluded that the biochar’s carbonization degree is mainly controlled by pyrolysis temperature, while yield, pH, and salinity are more dependent on the biomass properties. Ultimately, our procedure evaluates the presence of important contaminants, the biochar’s water holding capacity, salinity, pH, and carbonization degree. To validate the developed protocol, plant coverage experiments on green roofs are performed, which are quantified using a novel digital image processing method, demonstrating its efficient use to facilitate future biochar selection in substrates.

Выделение сульфатного мыла из щелоков от варки смешанных пород древесины

The sulphate soap separation from black liquor is influenced by a large number of factors: wood species composition, physical properties and composition of liquor components. The bases of the process are widely researched, but the influence of some factors requires additional research. Meanwhile, due to the diversity of the processed wood species composition and different cooking conditions, the composition and properties of the liquor may differ significantly, and the soap separation at different mills does not always follow the patterns established in previous studies. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal parameters for the sulphate soap separation from semi-steamed black liquor from the mixed wood cooking, as well as the consumption of additives to increase the sulphate soap yield. The research is based on the principles of mathematical modeling of processes and was carried out in laboratory conditions. We used the method of a planned experiment in the form of a second-order rotatable compositional uniform plan in order to obtain a mathematical model of the soap skimming process, depending on the chosen variables and to determine the optimal values of the process parameters. In the experiment, the following factors were varied: temperature, soap settling time and liquor density. The optimal values of these factors for sulphate soap separation from black liquor were determined, a mathematical model of the process was developed, and the optimal parameters for the effective sulphate soap settling were determined as results of the experiment. Adjusting the soap skimming production conditions to the optimal can increase soap skimming from semi-steamed liquors by 20 %. As a result of evaluating the effect of adding surfactants of different nature to black liquor of different density on the completeness of sulphate soap separation, we have found their optimal dosages, which give the maximum positive effect – an increase in soap yield by 15 %. For citation: Starzhinskaya E.V., Kryazhev A.M., Tret’yakov S.I., Gluhanov A.A. Sulphate Soap Separation from Wood Mixture Cooking Black Liquor. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2022, no. 6, pp. 178–192. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-6-178-192

Co-pyrolysis of beech wood and polyamide-6: Impact of plastic concentration and wood/plastic synergistic effects

Biomass residues and waste can be converted into bioliquids by pyrolysis, which can contribute to both the production of renewable fuels and the recycling of waste. In this paper, the catalytic co-pyrolysis of mixtures of beech wood (BW) and polyamide-6 (PA6) in different ratios was investigated to assess the effect of PA6 concentration on the properties of bio-oils and on the catalyst performances in upgrading the bio-oils. The catalytic treatment was applied to the pyrolysis vapors that were driven across a H-ZSM-5 catalyst bed before their condensation into liquid products. Increasing the PA6 concentration in the BW+PA6 blends led to an increase in the average molar mass of bio-oils and to an increase in their N-content. Caprolactam and 5-cyano-1-pentene were the main products derived from PA6 pyrolysis, and their ratio also changed with the PA6 concentration. The production of fully deoxygenated compounds was strongly reduced in the presence of PA6, as the result of catalyst deactivation, also evidenced by the increase in sugars and decrease in furans concentrations. The amount of coke deposited on the catalyst decreased as the PA6 concentration increased, but this coke contained more nitrogen. Synergistic effects in the BW+PA6 pyrolysis were evidenced by the positive or negative deviation of different parameters (mass of gas, liquid, solid products, mass of coke on the catalyst, C, N, O composition of bio-oils) from a simple arithmetic combination of the same parameters for pure BW or pure PA6 weighted by their concentrations, in particular the N-content in the bio-oils was much higher than expected.

Bonding mechanism of botanical concrete: Microstructural changes between waste concrete powder and wood

An in-depth understanding of the bonding mechanism of botanical concrete (BC) can facilitate its development and improve its performance. For this purpose, six hot-pressed BC samples comprising mixtures of wood with concrete powder, carbonated concrete, and sand were prepared in this study. The effects of individual and synergistic interactions in the prepared mixtures on the microstructure during hot-pressing were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state cross-polarization/magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry analyses revealed the absence of such interactions. Only self-degradation of concrete and wood was observed, and the alkalinity of concrete waste favored BC bonding. Furthermore, principal component analysis indicated that the effect of the alkalinity of concrete on wood was more significant than that of temperature. These results indicate that combining BC with alkaline industrial wastes or novel geopolymers can improve its applicability.

Effect of Variation of Mixture (Wood Gelam+Rice Husk) on Bio-Pellet on the Value of Temperature, Rate and Pressure of Combustion

The increasing demand for energy causes the depletion of fuel fossil. To overcome this, it is necessary to utilize biomass and biomass waste. The purpose of this study was to simulate the effect of bio-pellet density on temperature, rate and pressure of combustion made from a mixture of gelam wood and rice husk. The method uses ANSYS simulation with literature review. The results showed that the increasing composition of rice husks had an effect on the decreasing combustion rate, this was due to the calorific value of the pellets making up the material. Where the lower calorific value of rice husk has an effect on the rate of combustion. Pellets that have a large density affect the rate of combustion so that it extends the burning time. The density of pellets is influenced by the pressure of pellet molding, the greater the pressure makes the fuel denser and has a large density. The highest combustion air pressure occurs at 100% gelam composition and the lowest at 100% husk composition. This shows that the addition of rice husk composition reduces the combustion pressure and vice versa applies to the addition of gelam composition

Designer biochar with enhanced functionality for efficient removal of radioactive cesium and strontium from water

Radioactive elements released into the environment by accidental discharge constitute serious health hazards to humans and other organisms. In this study, three gasified biochars prepared from feedstock mixtures of wood, chicken manure, and food waste, and a KOH-activated biochar (40% food waste + 60% wood biochar (WFWK)) were used to remove cesium (Cs+) and strontium (Sr2+) ions from water. The physicochemical properties of the biochars before and after adsorbing Cs+ and Sr2+ were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, extended X-Ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The WFWK exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for Cs+ (62.7 mg/g) and Sr2+ (43.0 mg/g) among the biochars tested herein. The removal of radioactive 137Cs and 90Sr exceeded 80% and 47%, respectively, in the presence of competing ions like Na+ and Ca2+. The functional groups present in biochar, including –OH, –NH2, and –COOH, facilitated the adsorption of Cs+ and Sr2+. The Cs K-edge EXAFS spectra revealed that a single coordination shell was assigned to the Cs–O bonding at 3.11 Å, corresponding to an outer-sphere complex formed between Cs and the biochar. The designer biochar WFWK may be used as an effective adsorbent to treat radioactive 137Cs- and 90Sr-contaminated water generated during the operation of nuclear power plants and/or unintentional release, owing to the enrichment effect of the functional groups in biochar via alkaline activation.

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of pins chip mixture of acacia and eucalyptus wood and the optimum condition of the quality of the pulp.

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of pins chip mixture of acacia and eucalyptus wood and the optimum condition of the quality of the pulp.

No evidence that conifer biochar impacts soil functioning by serving as microbial refugia in boreal soils

AbstractIt is well established that application of biochar to soils can promote soil fertility, which ultimately may enhance plant growth. While many mechanisms have been proposed to explain this, one specific mechanism, the “microbial refugia hypothesis,” suggests that biochar may provide physical protection for soil microbe from soil microfauna that otherwise exert top‐down control on microbial biomass and activity. We tested the microbial refugia hypothesis by incubating two boreal soils with and without biochar derived from a wood mixture of boreal tree species (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris), and with and without soil nematodes. We measured phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) as a relative measure of microbial biomass, and several variables indicative of microbial activity, including extractable nutrient concentrations (NH4+, NO3−, and PO4−), heterotrophic N2‐fixation, and soil respiration. Contrary to our expectations, we found that biochar by itself did not stimulate microbial biomass or activity. Furthermore, we found that nematode addition to soil stimulated rather than depressed the biomass of several bacterial PLFA groups. Finally, interactive effects between the nematode treatment and biochar never worked in a way that supported the microbial refugia hypothesis. Our findings suggest that a typical boreal biochar applied to boreal soils may not have the same stimulatory effect on microbial biomass and activity that has been shown in some other ecosystems, and that enhanced plant growth in response to biochar addition sometimes observed in boreal environments is likely due to other mechanisms, such as direct nutrient supply from biochar or amelioration of soil pH.

Cascaded use of perennial industrial crop biomass: The effect of biomass type and pre-treatment method on pellet properties

Lignocellulosic biomass should not be used as energy feedstock only. The extractable phytochemicals present in lignocellulosic biomass from perennial industrial crops (PIC) can be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and chemical industries. A production residue, so-called “post-extraction biomass”, can be later used as energy feedstock. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the thermophysical and chemical properties of pellets produced from various types of post-extraction (after extraction with supercritical CO2 (SFE)) and non-extracted biomass (NE) obtained from five PIC species (willow, poplar, willowleaf sunflower and giant miscanthus). The highest lower heating value (17.40 MJ kg–1) was determined for willow Salix viminalis SFE pellets. The ash content was higher in pellets produced from green biomass willowleaf sunflower and giant miscanthus (mean 9.92% and 6.85% DM, respectively). Pellets from wood and a bark and wood mixture were included in one separate cluster. Another cluster was formed only for pellets from bark, with a separate cluster for pellets from green biomass. It was found with respect to the biomass pre-treatment that SFE pellet characteristic features included higher length, bulk density, mechanical durability, fixed carbon, cellulose, lignin, Cl contents (by 83%, 11%, 2%, 3.5%, 3.0%, 7.9%, 29.0% respectively) and lower moisture content, ash and volatile matter contents, higher heating value, lower heating value, C, H, N, S, soluble substance, hemicellulose contents compared with NE pellets.

Study on chicken manure combustion and heat production in terms of thermal self-sufficiency of a poultry farm

According to regulations of the European Parliament and Council, chicken manure can be used on-site as a fuel to serve as a promising energy source. This study presents a characterization of a combustion process using mixtures of chicken manure with straw or wood (sawdust) in terms of thermal self-sufficiency of a poultry farm. The experiments were carried out in a small-scale laboratory reactor, as well as using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in an air atmosphere. The average maximum temperatures obtained during the combustion of all tested mixtures were similar, at approximately 1000 °C. Research showed that adding material with a higher volatile content (manure - 45%, straw/wood >80%) leads to an increase in the overall amount of volatiles in the mixture and a higher flame temperature. The content of volatile parts in the materials determines the flame temperature which rose along with the increase of addition percentage in the sample from 600 °C to 900 °C. On the other hand the addition of a large amount of straw to the manure leads to the formation of sinter on the grate due to low spherical/semispherical temperature of straw-based ash (∼1000–1100 °C). This problem was not observed during experiments for a mixture of wood and manure. Furthermore the NOx emission during combustion was lower for samples containing wood than for samples containing straw by 70 ÷ 280 mg/m3. The energy analysis of the tested samples showed that the on-site combustion of the manure and bedding mixture more than covers the heat demand of the henhouses.

Strategic Synthesis to Disperse Zeolite NaY in Lead Tree Wood

The goal of this work is to synthesize zeolite NaY inside Lead tree wood. The wood is mixed with zeolite seed gel before mixing with feed gel and subsequent hydrothermal treatment. In the first trial, the dried and untreated Lead tree wood is mixed with the gel of zeolite NaY before the hydrothermal process. Only zeolite NaP is produced. Then, sonication is applied to the wood and zeolite gel mixture before the hydrothermal process. The product is mixed with the phase of NaP and NaY. In the next attempt, the wood is treated with acid reflux before mixing with the zeolite seed gel. NaY is successfully produced inside the wood. When sonication is also applied, the amount of NaY is increased. The presence of zeolites in the wood are confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the composites are tested for the adsorption of nickel (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The novel Lead tree wood-zeolite NaY composite has the potential as an adsorbent which could be separated easily from the liquid media.