Mixer Truck Research Articles

A Fuzzy Adaptive PID Coordination Control Strategy Based on Particle Swarm Optimization for Auxiliary Power Unit

Range extender hybrid vehicles have the advantages of better dynamics and longer driving range while reducing pollution and fuel consumption. This work focuses on the control strategy of an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) operating in power generation mode for a range-extender mixer truck. When an operating point is switched, the engine speed and generator torque of the APU will switch accordingly. In order to ensure APU fast and stable adjustment to meet the power demand of the vehicle as well as operate at the lowest fuel consumption, a fuzzy adaptive PID coordination control strategy based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to control the APU. The optimal operating curve of APU is calculated by coupling the engine and generator first. Then, the adaptive PID algorithm is used to control the speed and torque of the APU in a dual closed loop. The PSO is used to optimize the PID control parameter. Through hardware-in-the-loop tests under different working conditions, the control strategy is verified to be effective and real-time. The results show that the proposed control strategy can coordinate the operating of engine and generator and control the APU to track target power stably and quickly under minimum fuel consumption. Compared with traditional PID control strategy, the overshoot, regulation time and steady-state error are reduced by 55.1%, 11.1% and 77.3%, respectively.

METODE PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN PIERHEAD PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN CIKERUH DI JALAN RAYA CIBOLERANG KECAMATAN JATIWANGI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA

ABSTRAK One of the important structures in the maritime industry, the pierhead construction used for various functions such as loading and unloading ships, stackinggoods, and other logistics activities. Hence, the construction of the pierhead requires careful planning and execution to ensure that the structure is strong, safe, and complies with safety standards and regulations applicable. The aim of carrying out this practical work is to know what is the process and method for implementing pierhead work on the project construction of the Cikeruh bridge on the Ciborelang highway, Jatiwangi District Majalengka Regency, know what tools and materials are used in carrying out pierhead work and how to care for the concrete. In the method of carrying out pierhead work there are eight stages work includes Preparatory Work, ringlock installation, Installation of working floors, concrete work, installation of formwork, pierhead casting, formwork dismantling and concrete maintenance. As for the tools used in carrying out the work Pierheads include: excavators, dump trucks, truck mixers, concrete pumps, pipes tremi, concrete vibrator, air compressor, wood cutting tool, crane, generator generator, hand tools, hand saws, wire cutters and electric drills. Meanwhile, the materials used in carrying out pierhead work namely using FC'40 concrete, reinforcing steel, 3x3 angle cast stop, ringlock, concrete decking, plywood coated with 1 side polyfilm (12 mm and 9 mm thick), profile steel or holow and wood (size 5/7 and 4/6), scaffolding, formwork oil andtie road.

To Analysis the Meritorious Advantages of Precast Structure over Cast In Situ Building Construction In Allied With Time And Cost At Mumbai Region

Most construction projects use cast-in-place concrete, in which the wet mixture is poured andformed directly at the construction site. Since this often takes place on a construction site, the term sitecast concrete has become the standard. An analogy is drawn to the usage of precast concrete, in whichpieces are cast off-site and then transported to the construction site. Concrete for on-site casting isoften delivered using the iconic revolving-barrel concrete mixer trucks. In a centralized batching plant,where stricter quality control over the components may be maintained, the mixture is prepared. At everystage of the process—from transport to the site to proper mixing in the truck to unloading anddepositing in the forms and handling for placement, finishing, and curing—the level of responsibility andcompetence exercised by the people involved is vital. Extreme steps may need to be taken to ensureclose monitoring of each stage of production if accessibility and weather at the work site have a majorinfluence on the quality of the work. While the focus here is not on construction management orprocedures, a basic understanding of these topics would aid in the creation of workable designs forconcrete buildings. Cast-in-place concrete and precast concrete are two competing constructiontechniques supplied by various contractors for the structural elements, and a breakeven formula isestablished to help evaluate and pick the best solution. The criteria for selection is the one that will havethe least financial impact. The quantity of works, in this case concrete, is taken into account apart fromother factors. Finding that the transportation and shifting cost of Precast components significantlyimpacted the entire cost of construction, this research aims to help decision-makers and engineersanalyze both concrete building approaches early in the construction planning stage.

Analysis of the control and measurement system in terms of its application in concrete mixer trucks

Analysis of the control and measurement system in terms of its application in concrete mixer trucks

Machine Learning Predicts Truck Breakdowns in Indonesia with 83% Accuracy

PT. Varia Usaha Beton, a cement product company, faces frequent breakdowns of mixer trucks, reducing reliability from the target 90% to 60%. This study aims to predict truck breakdowns using a machine learning model based on the K-NN algorithm within the CRISP-DM framework. Data from the company's maintenance records were cleaned and split into training and testing sets. With k=20, the model achieved 90% accuracy on training data and 83% on testing data. These results can help improve maintenance scheduling and resource planning, enhancing truck reliability. Future research should compare other algorithms and consider different programming environments. Highlights: High Accuracy: K-NN model achieved 90% training and 83% testing accuracy. Maintenance Aid: Improves scheduling and resource planning for truck maintenance. Future Research: Compare algorithms and explore different programming environments. Keywords: Predictive Maintenance, Mixer Trucks, K-NN Algorithm, CRISP-DM, Machine Learning

Research on Vehicle Frame Optimization Methods Based on the Combination of Size Optimization and Topology Optimization

The efficient development of electric vehicles is essential to drive society towards sustainable development. Designing a lightweight frame is a key strategy to improve the economy and environment, increase energy efficiency, and reduce carbon emissions. Taking an automatic loading and unloading mixer truck as the research object, a force analysis of its frame was conducted under six typical working conditions. A size optimization method based on a hybrid model of the Kriging model and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. An approximate model of the mass and maximum stress of the frame was established using the Kriging model, and the Kriging model was optimized by using the multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm and the AHP method. Meanwhile, topology optimization was introduced to improve the structural performance of the frame and reduce its weight. The optimization results show that the overall weight of the frame is reduced by 11.96% compared to the pre-optimization period, though it still meets the material performance specifications. By comparing the iterative curves of the single Kriging model with those of the AHP model, it can be seen that the initial optimization efficiency of the hybrid model is about twice as much as that of the AHP model, and the final optimization result is improved by about 3.6% compared with the Kriging model. This validates the hybrid model as an effective tool for the multi-objective optimization of electric vehicle frames, providing more efficient and accurate optimization results for frame design.

Resistência à penetração de cloretos em concretos produzidos com agregado miúdo reciclado e sílica ativa

Abstract The use of by-products and recyclable materials in the production of concrete has become an interesting alternative to mitigate environmental impacts, especially those generated by the construction industry, as long as their mechanical and durability properties do not early compromise the service life of the structures. The resistance of concrete to the penetration of harmful agents, such as chloride ions, is an important property since it directly correlates with the performance, integrity, and durability of reinforced concrete structures. This study evaluate four concrete mixes were cast for aggressiveness class III of NBR 6118 [1] produced with 8% of partial replacement of Portland cement with silica fume, resulting of metallurgical production, and with 30% partial replacement of natural fine aggregates by recycled fine aggregate from fresh concrete waste, obtained from the concrete production process in concrete mixer trucks. At 28 days of age, the specimen was submitted to capillarity, mechanical resistance and chloride migration tests, according to the NT BUILD 492 standard [2]. In general, the results indicated that the proposed replacements improved mechanical properties and chloride ion penetration resistance, mainly with the incorporation of silica fume.

Repairable System Analysis Using the Discrete Weibull Distribution

In many practical circumstances, a repair can be performed when a system fails to restore to a condition before a failure. This type of repair is known as minimal repair and one of the most used models is the power law process (PLP). It is common to consider equipment failure time as a continuous variable in this model, assuming a high degree of accuracy in the measurement tool. However, in practical situations, failures are usually observed and recorded as integer numbers of time units, such as the number of days and hours, indicating a discrete process. In this study, we used a discrete Weibull distribution instead of a continuous Weibull distribution. Since both Weibull models have similar complexities, some benefits are observed in the usage of the discrete model, such as a lower standard deviation of the parameter related to the system deterioration and also a lower Akaike's information criterion. For illustrative purposes, the use of a discrete Weibull distribution was applied to a dataset related to the failures of concrete mixer trucks. Moreover, an approach using a Markov chain with discrete states to obtain the average number of failures and the respective optimum maintenance policy was included. Additionally, six cases (found in the literature) fitted by the PLP model were reanalyzed and compared under the discrete model perspective.

Analysis Of Spare Parts Inventory Planning And Control To Improve Cost Efficiency At Pt Manunggal Jaya Makmur

PT Manunggal Jaya Makmur is one of the companies engaged in the transportation and contracting-based sector that provides integrated services from the start point to the end. In addition, it is also engaged in the repair of heavy equipment such as mixer trucks, dump trucks, colt diesel, and repair of other heavy equipment. In supporting the company's activities, PT. Manunggal Jaya Makmur implements a strategy for supplying raw materials and spare parts. In its operational activities, PT. Manunggal Jaya Makmur is still constrained by the overstock problem which ultimately causes a buildup of goods. In this study, material classification was carried out using ABC Theory analysis. Then the methods used in planning and controlling inventory management are the POQ and EOQ methods. After getting the results, the methods used during the research will be compared with the methods that have been applied so far in the company to find out the most effective methods to be applied in cost efficiency and work productivity and can maximize the profits received by the company. Based on the analysis carried out, the cost of calculating the total inventory of spare parts using the EOQ method was Rp. 205,513,000, the LFL method was Rp. 274,141,349 and the POQ method was Rp. 273,502,120. So, from these data, it can be concluded that the most optimal total cost of inventory is the EOQ method to produce greater profits and minimize overstock.

Pengaruh Penambahan Admixture Terhadap Nilai Slump dan Kuat Tekan Beton Bleeding

In construction projects that occur during the construction or post-construction process, we can often encounter various problems, one of which is damage to fresh concrete such as bleeding in fresh concrete. The condition of the volume of deformed concrete in 1 year at the study site was 307 m3 due to extreme weather conditions (rain) in October - March, the slump value could change due to the fact that the funnel on the mixer truck was not closed. This research was carried out by adding bleeding concrete with admixture. This study aims to determine whether bleeding concrete can return to normal concrete after admixture is added. The method used is an experimental method using 15x15x15 cm cube specimens tested at age, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The quality of the concrete used in this study was C40 and C50 with an admixture composition of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%. Based on this study, the slump values ​​for the 0.05% admixture composition for C40 and C50 were 24 and 21 cm, for the 0.1% admixture composition were 18 cm and for the 0.2% admixture composition were 17 and 18 cm. Maximum concrete compressive strength at 28 days of age for 0.1% admixture composition with C40 quality is 45.79 MPa and for C50 quality is 59.14 MPa. The time required for one repair of bleeding concrete at the casting location using admixture is 10 minutes, so that it can be time efficient by 205 minutes or equivalent to a time efficiency of 95.34%. With this admixture can reduce costs by Rp. 54,750,073 or equivalent to 83.45% of the total volume of bleeding of 307 m3.

Analisis Produktivitas Alat Berat dan Pekerja di Pekerjaan Pengecoran Lantai Spillway pada Proyek Pembangunan Bendungan

Productivity is one of the keys to determining the factors that affect competitiveness in construction projects, including the productivity of workers and heavy equipment for spillway casting work at Dam Development. The aim of the research is to analyze productivity and factors affecting heavy equipment and workers. This research using quantitative descriptive calculation methods, and observation in field time study. The results of the data calculations show that the productivity value of a concrete pump is 167.491 m3/day, the productivity of mixer trucks is 46.305 m3/day/unit, and the productivity of workers is 13.790 m3/day/person. Factors that affect heavy equipment productivity are weather, work time efficiency, and material or payload. As well as factors that affect worker productivity, there are the weather, worker time efficiency, foundry location, and the number of workers.

Effect of using wastewater from the ready-mixed concrete plant on the performance of one-part alkali-activated GBFS/FA composites: Fresh, mechanical and durability properties

Water scarcity is the world's most pressing issue, as concrete batching facilities and concrete mixer trucks produce massive amounts of wash water every day. Recycling waste water from ready-mix concrete factories' concrete washing water is critical for conserving hundreds of millions of tons of water and preventing water and soil contamination. This study examined the impact of waste washing water on the microstructural, durability, fresh, and mechanical characteristics of one-part alkali-activated ground blast furnace slag (GBFS)/fly as (FA) composites (AAC) containing partial and complete replacement of tap water under ambient conditions. GBFS was used as the main binder in the production of AAC. FA was also used as a binder at 0%, 25%, and 50% instead of GBFS. Sodium metasilicate (MS) was used as a one-part activator at two dosages 7.5% and 15% of the total binder. The fresh properties (setting time and flowability), physical properties, compressive and flexural strength (3, 7, 28, 90, and 180 days) and durability (high-temperature resistance, freeze, and thaw resistance, drying shrinkage, sorptivity, HCl and MgSO4 resistances, NaCl effect and alkali-silica reaction) and microstructure analysis were investigated. The findings showed that the use of wastewater (WW) instead of tap water (TW) contributed positively or had no serious negative effect on the mechanical and durability properties of AAC. Compressive strength of 72.37 MPa and 81.67 MPa was gained with the inclusion of 50%WW at 7.5 and 15 %MS content respectively. The findings showed that WW improved the workability of fresh ACC containing FA, reduced dry shrinkage and sorptivity of ACC with 15%MS content, and refined the pores of hardened ACC. The results also supported that WW contributed to the decrease in expansion due to ASR and sulfate expansion. Using WW improved the high temperature and F-T resistance of ACC mixtures containing 15%MS content.

Multi-parameter adaptive online energy management strategy for concrete truck mixers with a novel hybrid powertrain considering vehicle mass

Given the characteristics of dynamic vehicle mass, multi-operation scenes, and multi-energy-source and multi-energy-consumption-source, the energy optimization problem of concrete truck mixers remains a challenge. To this end, in this paper, a novel hybrid powertrain with a single-shaft parallel for the upper-part system and extended-range for the driving system is utilized and an adaptive online energy management strategy with multi parameters including the driving cycle, vehicle mass, battery state of charge (SOC), and remaining mileage is presented. First, a driven-data clustering method with fuel consumption differentiation is adopted. Then, using the parallel computing genetic algorithm-optimized rule-based method, a driving condition knowledge base, including optimal control models of the various typical driving conditions under multi-parameter combinations, is built to realize the adaptability and robustness. Parameter identifiers are designed, including a sparrow search-optimized-based deep mixed kernel extreme-learning machine recognizer and a vehicle mass recognizer based on sensor and working scene fusion for obtaining corresponding information online. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to validate the performance and robustness of the presented control strategy. Results indicate it can reduce fuel consumption by an average value of 15.17% and performs better in the convergence level of terminal SOC in five real composite driving conditions.

Statistical Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Concrete Slurry Waste: A Case Study of Sedimentation Tanks from Concrete Batching Plants in Manaus-Brazil

Concrete slurry waste is a material removed from sedimentation tanks that receive water used to wash concrete mixer trucks and patios of concrete batching plants (CBP). The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition of this residue from three different producers, in three consecutive months and at different collection points using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence, investigate the inconstancy of content through analysis of variance, compare the qualitative and quantitative results with the literature and discuss the possibility of inserting the material in the proposal of different authors. Twenty-two oxides and elements were identified; among them, five showed their incidence in a punctual way. The analysis of variance showed that there are significant differences in the concentration of components between batching plants, months and collection points. The comparison with the literature showed that CaO, Al2O3 and SiO2 are the majority, both in the samples under study and in the samples from different authors. However, the average amounts of CaO are higher in the waste sludge from the concrete batching plants in question and, consequently, if this material were reused in the same proposals as the authors, the products would possibly present different characteristics and performance.

A Bi-Level Programming Model for the Integrated Problem of Low Carbon Supplier Selection and Transportation

In this paper, we investigate an integrated problem of low-carbon supplier selection and transportation. The supplier selection decision depends on the location and energy consumption level of batching plants at the manufacturing stage. Meanwhile, ready-mixed concrete is allocated and delivered to construction sites by concrete mixer trucks at the transportation stage. A bi-level programming model for the integrated problem is established. The bi-level optimization problem is transformed into a single-level problem by KKT (Karush–Kuhn–Tucker) optimality conditions. In order to validate the proposed model, a case study is conducted based on real-world problems. Experimental results show that the proposed method efficiently solves the integrated problem and the model can not only reduce carbon emissions but also optimize transportation time.

Selection of truck mixer concrete pump using novel MEREC DNMARCOS model

Selection of truck mixer concrete pump using novel MEREC DNMARCOS model

Analisis Peralatan Beton Ready Mix Pada Pekerjaan Pengecoran Balok Dan Lantai Proyek Gedung Education Center FISIP UNHAS

In the casting work of beams and plates on the 8th floor of the unhas FISIP Education Center building construction project using ready mix concrete produced in batching plants with dry mixed type which is then distributed to the project site using Hino Ranger FM 260 JM truck mixer capacity of 7 m3. The casting process uses a concrete pump tool with the IHI IPF100B-6N29 model with a capacity of 10-100 m3. This research was conducted to find out the effectiveness of the equipment used. From the results of the analysis conducted it can be known that the composition of the equipment used experienced a loss of production, especially in the truck mixer so that idle time occurred on the tool, therefore correction was made and from the results of calculations carried out it was proposed to reduce 3 units of truck mixers that previously there were 11 units used. Truck mixer reduction is done to reduce idle time on the equipment so that the tool can work more efficiently. From the results of research that has been done, it can be concluded that the composition of the equipment used has lost production, especially in truck mixers. Once corrected, it is proposed that the composition of the equipment is effective by reducing the use of truck mixers so as to reduce the waiting time (idle time) for pumping so that the performance of the tool can work more optimally.

Mixing Phase Study of a Concrete Truck Mixer via CFD Multiphase Approach

Mixing Phase Study of a Concrete Truck Mixer via CFD Multiphase Approach

Weld Fatigue Life Analysis of Truck Mixer Sub-frame Based on Equivalent Structural Stress Method

In order to accurately calculate the fatigue life of the sub-frame weld of the mixer truck during the design stage, fatigue analysis of the weld is carried out by equivalent structural stress method. Through the finite element analysis of the frame, the key weld position is researched. By using the inertial release method, the stress response of the frame under the single excitation of the unit load is obtained. Combined with the basic principle of equivalent structural stress, the stress at the weld position is calculated, and the main S-N curve with a survival rate of 50% is selected to predict the fatigue life of the weld. The results show that the fatigue life of the key weld is 105.803 cycles, which fails to reach the design target value. The equivalent structural stress method has the characteristics of grid insensitivity and can better predict the fatigue life of the sub-frame weld of the mixer truck.

Treatment of Mixer Truck Wash Water of a Ready-mix Concrete Batching Plant Using a Low Cost Modified Sand Filter

ABSTRAK Pembangunan infrastruktur dan perumahan membutuhkan beton dalam jumlah besar, yang sebagian dipasok oleh pabrik beton siap pakai. Tingginya kebutuhan air dan produksi air limbah oleh industri ini menyebabkan masalah lingkungan yang signifikan. Sebuah pabrik beton di Bali mengolah air limbahnya dengan lima kolam sedimentasi sederhana yang dilengkapi dengan saringan ijuk antar kolam dan kemudian air hasil olahan dibuang ke hutan bakau di sekitarnya. Meskipun nilai Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) telah diturunkan dari 316,149 mg/L menjadi 146 mg/L, air limbah ini masih berpotensi merusak biota hutan bakau. Padahal, air bisa didaur ulang untuk membersihkan peralatan atau bahkan menjadi air proses. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang proses pengolahan yang sederhana dan murah beserta peralatannya. Air limbah yang berasal dari bak pengendapan di pabrik beton siap pakai diolah di laboratorium menggunakan tawas tetapi hasilnya tidak memuaskan sehingga dipilih metode fisika dengan menggunakan kolam sedimentasi dan saringan pasir lambat yang dimodifikasi, dan berhasil menurunkan nilai COD sebesar 82,83% pada pH 12,27 dan mendaur ulang 84% air limbah atau 26,7% kebutuhan air total industri ini. Kata kunci: pengolahan air limbah, beton siap pakai, desain bangunan, daur ulang air ABSTRACT Infrastructure and housing developments require vast quantities of concrete, which are supplied by the ready-mix concrete (RMC) batching plant. This industry's high water demand and wastewater generation have caused significant environmental problems. An RMC batching plant in the southern part of Bali produces liquid waste, which is disposed of into the surrounding mangrove forests after being treated using five sequential unlined wash water ponds and palm fibre. Although the COD value has been decreased from 316.149 mg/L of untreated wastewater to 146 mg/L after treatment, this still has the potential to harm the mangrove biota. On the other hand, the water can still be reclaimed for cleaning purposes or even incorporated into process water. The work aims to design a low cost and simple wastewater recycling process and equipment. Wastewater was collected from the existing settling basin at the RMC batching plant and treated in the laboratory. It was found that the chemical treatment of wastewater using alum did not produce satisfactory results; therefore, a physical method was chosen by employing a sedimentation pond and a modified slow sand filter. It removed 82.83% of the COD at pH 12.270 and reclaimed 84% wash water or 26.7% of total water needed for this industry. Keywords: wastewater treatment, ready-mix concrete, building design, water recycles