Mixed-strategy Approach Research Articles

To what Extent is the Best Specific Marketing Strategy from Push, Pull, or Direct

This study investigates the effectiveness of three distinct fundraising strategies—push, pull, and direct marketing—in non-profit organizations, with a focus on entities based in Washington D.C. A literature review highlights the significance of these strategies, noting that push marketing is often favored for generating initial awareness, while direct marketing excels in targeted outreach, and pull marketing is beneficial for building long-term engagement. To empirically assess these methods, a survey was conducted with 25 non-profit organizations to examine the prevalence and success of each strategy. The chi-squared test revealed that push marketing, often combined with direct methods, was the most prevalent and effective approach among the organizations surveyed, aligning with previous research indicating its superior efficacy in fundraising. The findings suggest that nonprofits in Washington D.C. prefer a mixed strategy approach to maximize fundraising success. This study contributes to the understanding of fundraising tactics, demonstrating the importance of selecting and combining marketing strategies based on organizational goals and target audiences.

Mixed strategy approach destabilizes cooperation in finite populations with clustering coefficient.

Evolutionary game theory, encompassing discrete, continuous, and mixed strategies, is pivotal for understanding cooperation dynamics. Discrete strategies involve deterministic actions with a fixed probability of one, whereas continuous strategies employ intermediate probabilities to convey the extent of cooperation and emphasize expected payoffs. Mixed strategies, though akin to continuous ones, calculate immediate payoffs based on the action chosen at a given moment within intermediate probabilities. Although previous research has highlighted the distinct impacts of these strategic approaches on fostering cooperation, the reasons behind the differing levels of cooperation among these approaches have remained somewhat unclear. This study explores how these strategic approaches influence cooperation in the context of the prisoner's dilemma game, particularly in networked populations with varying clustering coefficients. Our research goes beyond existing studies by revealing that the differences in cooperation levels between these strategic approaches are not confined to finite populations; they also depend on the clustering coefficients of these populations. In populations with nonzero clustering coefficients, we observed varying degrees of stable cooperation for each strategic approach across multiple simulations, with mixed strategies showing the most variability, followed by continuous and discrete strategies. However, this variability in cooperation evolution decreased in populations with a clustering coefficient of zero, narrowing the differences in cooperation levels among the strategies. These findings suggest that in more realistic settings, the robustness of cooperation systems may be compromised, as the evolution of cooperation through mixed and continuous strategies introduces a degree of unpredictability.

Optimizing Size Consistency in Batch Roller Production: A Mixed Strategy Approach

The Double-Disk Straight Groove Lapping (DDSGL) technique, a novel approach to batch processing of bearing rollers, achieves high dimensional consistency by removing material through size comparison between multiple rollers in the processing area. To avoid collision between the rollers, the prevalent practice in DDSGL involves circulating the rollers in fixed linear sequences, an approach that impedes comprehensive size comparison throughout the entire batch of rollers. To counter this, we introduce a Dual-Channel Mixing Scheduling (DCMS) strategy that disrupts the roller sequence without triggering collisions. This strategy promotes extensive size comparison and enhances batch size consistency. To elucidate the operational principles of DCMS, we have developed a computational model grounded in DDSGL, designed simulation test plans under different mixing parameters, and summarized the number of direct comparisons, total comparisons, and differences in roller cycle times to determine the optimal combination of mixing parameters. Finally, structural modifications were made in the DDSGL system for validation studies under different mixing parameters. The test results show that the use of DCHS can reduce processing time by up to 50%, and the batch diameter change of the rollers can converge from 1.15 μm to as low as 0.76 μm. The industrial relevance of this research is significant; these improvements can lead to higher efficiency in the manufacturing process and improved quality of bearing rollers.

Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Utilizing a Mixed-Strategy Approach in Infectious Disease Control under a Voluntary Vaccination Policy.

Infectious diseases pose significant public health risks, necessitating effective control strategies. One such strategy is implementing a voluntary vaccination policy, which grants individuals the autonomy to make their own decisions regarding vaccination. However, exploring different approaches to optimize disease control outcomes is imperative, and involves assessing their associated costs and benefits. This study analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of employing a mixed-strategy approach under a voluntary vaccination policy in infectious disease control. We examine the potential benefits of such an approach by utilizing a vaccination game model that incorporates cost and benefit factors, where lower costs and higher benefits lead to reduced infection rates. Here, we introduce a mixed-strategy framework that combines individual-based risk assessment (IB-RA) and society-based risk assessment (SB-RA) strategies. A novel dynamical equation is proposed that captures the decision-making process of individuals as they choose their strategy based on personal or communal considerations. In addition, we explore the implications of the mixed-strategy approach within the context of social dilemmas. We examine deviations from expected behavior and the concept of social efficiency deficit (SED) by allowing for the evolution of vaccine strategy preferences alongside risk perception. By comprehensively evaluating the financial implications and societal advantages associated with the mixed-strategy approach, decision-makers can allocate resources and implement measures to combat infectious diseases within the framework of a voluntary vaccination policy.

Competitive behaviour of major GSM firms’ internet data pricing in Nigeria: A game theoretic model approach

The study investigated the competitive behaviour of major GSM service providers’ Internet data pricing in Nigeria. Two null hypotheses were tested: The major GSM service providers in Nigeria do not have a dominant pricing strategy; and there is no Nash Equilibrium for the pricing strategies of the major GSM service providers in Nigeria. The design was a longitudinal study of the active GSM subscribers and Internet data prices of major GSM service providers in Nigeria (MTN and the others). Two pricing strategies were employed, “charge N1000 per data plan” and “charge N1200 per data plan”. A zero-sum payoff table was obtained from the data on GSM subscribers and Internet bundle prices in Nigeria. The payoff table was analysed using mixed strategy approach. The results revealed that each player has a dominant strategy. The game has a Pareto optimal Nash equilibrium with disparate dominant strategies for both players. The Nash equilibrium is that the other GSM firms charge N1000 per internet data plan while MTN charges N1200 per Internet data plan. At a price of N1000 and N1200 per Internet data plan, the earnings of the other GSM service providers and MTN are maximised respectively irrespective of what the other player does. The study concludes that major GSM firms can use game theory to model the pricing strategy of competitors and predict the behaviour of Internet data subscribers.

Mixed-strategy approach to band-edge analysis and modeling in semiconductors

In semiconductor physics, the Urbach rule describes an exponential dependence of the UV-Vis absorption coefficient on photon energy at the band edge. The rule is so ubiquitously applied that a single common mechanism, variability in the local potential, is generally considered to be the cause of exponential band edges. Variability in the local potential may be caused by alloy inhomogeneity, structural defects, impurities, thermal excitation, or any other mechanism that interrupts ideal crystallinity and creates disorder. A crucial point of the Urbach rule is its development for band edges which approach linearity when plotted on a logarithmic scale. The rule was not developed in the context of nonlinear band edges with complex fine structure. Even so, this model has been applied extensively to band edges with such features. Using differential analysis and deconvolution, we develop an analytical technique capable of separating the components responsible for the fine structure observed. This approach reduces challenging signal-artifact convolution problems to a simple linear combination. Furthermore, we develop a model that can be applied to the nonlinear band-edge signals extracted. We show that in the limiting case of linearity, our model is consistent with and produces the same results as the linear Urbach model. Our model is capable of bypassing ``tailing'' as an indirect measure of the spread in the local potential and gives a direct measure of this quantity.

Balancing model-based and memory-free action selection under competitive pressure.

In competitive situations, winning depends on selecting actions that surprise the opponent. Such unpredictable action can be generated based on representations of the opponent's strategy and choice history (model-based counter-prediction) or by choosing actions in a memory-free, stochastic manner. Across five different experiments using a variant of a matching-pennies game with simulated and human opponents we found that people toggle between these two strategies, using model-based selection when recent wins signal the appropriateness of the current model, but reverting to stochastic selection following losses. Also, after wins, feedback-related, mid-frontal EEG activity reflected information about the opponent's global and local strategy, and predicted upcoming choices. After losses, this activity was nearly absent-indicating that the internal model is suppressed after negative feedback. We suggest that the mixed-strategy approach allows negotiating two conflicting goals: 1) exploiting the opponent's deviations from randomness while 2) remaining unpredictable for the opponent.

Анализ использования маркетинговых метрик российскими компаниями - производителями товаров повседневного спроса

The aim of the paper is to identify the characteristics of marketing metrics usage by Russian FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) companies. The article provides the definition of «marketing metrics» concept, examines the theoretical aspects of marketing metrics and develops their classification. The author analyzes the basic concepts of marketing assessment and approaches to the classification of marketing metrics. The empirical research is based on a mixed strategy approach. Two stages of in-depth interviews were fulfilled to investigate the marketing metrics usage by Russian FMCG companies. Drawing on the results of the empirical research, characteristics of the marketing metrics usage by Russian FMCG companies are identified: those related to specific metrics and those related to the organization of the evaluation process of marketing activity in companies. The results of the research not only expand the theoretical framework of marketing metrics in Russian FMCG market, but also can be used by the Russian FMCG companies to improve the systems of marketing activity assessment based on marketing metrics usage.

FAVORABLE OUTCOMES AND 30 DAY READMISSION RATES ACHIEVED BY IMPLEMENTING A GUIDELINE BASED TRANSFER PROTOCOL IN A LARGE RURAL ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION SYSTEM OF CARE INCLUDING TRANSFERS UP TO 183 MILES

ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Management of ST-Segment ElevationMyocardial Infarction (STEMI) recommend a mixed strategy approach, offering fibrinolytic therapy to eligible patients unable to receive Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) within 120 minutes of first medical contact. Due to

Potential competition and coordination in a market-entry game

When there are too many potential competitors available to exploit a new market opportunity, the risk of multiple entry may discourage entry. This paper employs a contest to coordinate entry and compares the outcome with the mixed-strategy approach. Expected profit per firm decreases with potential competition and welfare eventually decreases with potential competition for many contest designs. The contest outcome is welfare superior to the mixed-strategy outcome when entry costs are high but the situation is reversed when entry costs are low. The contest model is consistent with certain empirical evidence on investment rivalry.

The Making and Testing of Geographic Gene-Frequency Maps

Graphic display of a surface by isopleths is frequently useful. This technique has also been used, though not widely, to study the geographic distribution of gene frequencies. We were interested in the development of automatic procedures for this purpose. Three different approaches were tested: (i) a mixed-strategy approach alternating between polynomial surface fitting and local averaging, both weighted by distance and sample size, the choice between the alternatives being based on the local dispersion of data; (ii) the theory of regionalized variables with automatic choice of the degree of the polynomial function representing the generalized covariance distance; (iii) the use in (ii) of current genetic models of covariation of gene frequency with distance. The first method was found to be slightly superior to the second (though not significantly so) by the testing criteria adopted. The third method was definitely less satisfactory, as tested by a variety of criteria. Among them, a 'leaveout-s' technique of jackknifing provided a distribution of x2 values measuring the fit of the map to each data point. Outliers observed were justified on biological grounds. Various aspects and problems of automatic map construction are discussed. Practical results seem quite encouraging.