Mixed Methods Research Design Research Articles

Emergence of African Traditional Medicine: Understanding the Learning Process and Pedagogic Implications for Adolescents of the North West Region of Cameroon

This article examines the global debates about indigenous knowledge and Africa’s traditional medicine from the pedagogy perspective. This study investigated the emergence of African traditional medicine with keen attention on understanding the learning/apprenticeship process and deducing pedagogic implications for adolescents’ learners in the North west Region of Cameroon. Specifically, the paper examined the extent, traditional medicine influence the development of cognitive skills in adolescents. The development of cognitive skills in late adolescents is marked by social competence, decision making, and problem solving. A conceptual review of the major concepts was done. Theoretically, the article was anchored on the social learning theory of Bandura (1977). A convergent parallel mixed method research design was used. The sample of the study emerged through purposive and convenient sampling techniques. A pilot study was done with 10 participants. Interviews were conducted with 15 elders and a questionnaire for 150 adolescents drawn from 6 villages in Oku Subdivision, namely: Elak, Jikijem, Lui, Manchok, Keyon and Simonkoh. Quantitative data was entered using EpiData Version 3.1 (EpiData Association, Odense Denmark, 2008) and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Standard version, Release 21.0 (IBM Inc. 2012). Interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim. Each interview or focus group was prepared as a single primary document and assigned for coding and analysis in Atlas.Ti 5.2 software (Atlas.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany). Statistically the weight of traditional medicine = 80.3%; Traditional medicine (R=0.382; P=0.000);. These are marked by alertness, critical thinking, decision making, social competence, problem solving, imagination, mathematical abilities, etc. From the study it is recommended that indigenous practices be taught formally in schools and that indigenous medicines be studied more keenly and upgraded.

Culturally Aligned Aged-Care Services: Addressing Needs and Barriers in General Santos City, Philippines

The aging population in General Santos City, Philippines, presents unique challenges in accessing and delivering appropriate aged-care services. This study aimed to identify the preferred aged-care services among the elderly population in General Santos City, considering their cultural values and needs, and to propose a framework for developing culturally aligned aged-care support services for the elderly in General Santos City. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. In-depth interviews with 30 elderly residents, community leaders, and caregivers were conducted to gather information on their preferences and needs for aged-care services. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. A survey questionnaire was also used to collect quantitative data on the demographic characteristics of the respondents and their perceptions of the importance of various aged-care services. The findings indicated healthcare services, home-based care, and social support as essential components of aged-care services. Barriers to accessing services included availability, affordability, accessibility, and awareness. Culturally sensitive, family-centered, and community-based care was preferred. The study also found that the elderly in General Santos City have a strong preference for culturally aligned aged-care services that are family-centered and community-based. They also expressed a need for affordable and accessible healthcare services, as well as social support services to reduce isolation and promote mental well-being. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for a holistic aged-care approach that integrates healthcare services, home-based care, and social support, while considering cultural values and addressing barriers to access. The proposed aged-care services emphasize culturally sensitive, family-centered, and community-based models of care. These models should be tailored to the specific needs of the elderly population in General Santos City, taking into account their cultural values and beliefs.

Evaluation of the quality of physiotherapy service in university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia: A mixed method evaluation.

Currently, the number of people with physical disability and impairment is increasing significantly in Ethiopia, especially in the northern part. In that regard, the Ethiopian government has been providing physical rehabilitation services to recover patients. However, due to the widespread problem of healthcare service and the increase in patients seeking physiotherapy service, the quality of the service might be compromised, and the evidence is limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of physiotherapy services at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, northwest Ethiopia. A single case study with concurrent mixed method research design was conducted from June 02- August 10, 2022. The evaluation used patient-centeredness, timeliness, compliance and availability dimensions with 27 indicators. A total of 415 systematically selected patients who came for physiotherapy service for exit interviews, 9 service providers and managers for key-informant interviews, and 8 patients for in-depth interviews participated in the study. Approximately 176 patient medical charts were reviewed, and direct observation of 14 patient-provider interactions was performed. Binary logistic regression analysis was computed to identify factors associated with patient-centeredness. In the final model, variables with a p value < 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to declare statistical significance. Thematic analysis for the qualitative data using OPEN CODE version 4.03 was performed. Finally, the dimensions and overall quality of physiotherapy service were judged using predetermined criteria. The overall quality of the physiotherapy service was found to be fair or intermediate (66.5%), computed from the availability of resources 63.4%, compliance of service providers 68.6%, timelines 64.2%, and patient centeredness 73.1%. Qualitative findings also revealed that insufficient staffing and heavy workload, lack of resources, inconvenient facilities, relocation of resources in the academic division of physiotherapy department, lack of training and continuous professional development opportunities, lack management attention and institutional support and nonexistence of multidisciplinary approaches leads to significant gaps in quality service delivery. Attending primary school (AOR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.56, 6.61), secondary (AOR = 4.24, 1.91, 9.41), and higher education (AOR = 4.79, 1.94, 11.84) and being a private employee (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.76) were significantly associated with patient centeredness. The overall quality of physiotherapy service was deemed intermediate and needs further improvement. The required resources, such as clinical assessment tools, therapeutic exercise equipment, electrotherapy modalities and infrastructure, were not adequate. Educational level and occupation were significantly associated with patient centeredness.

Ride-Hailing Drivers’ Preference for Fairwork Principles of Trustworthy Labour-Platform Management and Greater Worker-Autonomy and Willingness to Form and Join Worker-Platform Co-Operatives in Kenya

Ride-hailing worker-platform co-operatives had emerged as part of and for at least fairwork principles. Moreover, studies on e-drivers have recommended the formation of worker-platform co-operatives in Kenya. The actual worker-platform co-operatives by e-drivers are yet to be established. It was against this backdrop that a study was conducted to determine the extent of ride-hailing drivers’ preference for fairwork principles of trustworthy labour-platform management, greater worker-autonomy and willingness to form and join worker-platform co-operatives. The study was grounded in the social exchange theory, affective theory of social exchange, and utility theory. The researcher applied critical-realism research philosophy and multimethod research designs of discrete choice experiments and sequential explanatory mixed method research designs. Using the Yamane sampling formula, the study used quantitative data from 497 respondents from sampled 600 of the 20,000 e-drivers in the Nairobi Metropolitan Region. The quantitative data was analysed using multinominal logistic regression. Moreover, the study used qualitative data from 11 participants, analysed using thematic analysis. Results indicated that the two fairwork principles were statistically significant to e-drivers’ willingness to form and join worker-platform co-operatives. The trustworthy platform management (TPM) principle, in particular, was a highly preferred fairwork principle in terms of e-drivers’ willingness to form and join worker-platform co-operative model (Coeff=2.62; SE = 0.400, Z = 6.54, p&lt; .001), compared to the greater worker-autonomy contract (GAC) principle (Coeff=1.565, SE = 0.202, Z = 7.74, p&lt; .001). This study brings practical and theoretical contributions to improve the e-drivers’ benefits from the ride-hailing sector. Policymakers, promoters, and platform workers like e-drivers could understand how best to promote worker-platform co-operatives to succeed in the country’s societal context.

Scrutinizing Indonesian pre-service teachers’ technological knowledge in utilizing AI-powered tools

Educators have widely adopted artificial intelligence (AI) as a product of technology to prepare teaching materials and enhance their understanding of technology integration in language teaching. As prospective teachers who may teach digital native students later, pre-service teachers must be more capable and knowledgeable in technologically-based pedagogy, materials, and assessment. This study aimed to explore English as a foreign language (EFL) pre-service teachers’ technological knowledge of utilizing AI-powered tools using the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework and investigate their strategies in the advanced of their technological knowledge. This mixed-method research design employed a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview as instruments to collect data. Fifty-five EFL pre-service teachers were purposively selected. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed statistically and descriptively, and data from interviews were analyzed thematically. The first findings of this study comprehensively revealed that EFL pre-service teachers exhibit a moderate level of proficiency in addressing technological knowledge (TK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), technological content knowledge (TCK), and TPACK in utilizing AI-powered tools. Meanwhile, the second finding revealed that the participants employed four key strategies to advance their technological knowledge using AI-powered tools: engaging in TPD programs, collaborating with tech-savvy colleagues, staying informed about AI trends, and experimenting with AI-powered tools.

Exploring the Hierarchy of Foreign Language Enjoyment and Boredom in English Language Learners

The growing body of research on foreign language emotion (FLEM) suggests a need for further studies on the sources and hierarchy of FLEM, particularly through the lens of positive psychology. This insight would enable instructors to prioritize their interventions more effectively, thereby enhancing the emotional experiences of foreign language (FL) learners in the classroom. To this end, the current study used a mixed-method research design to investigate the sources of enjoyment (FLE) and boredom (FLB) among 248 Bhutanese foreign language learners, as well as the hierarchies of reported FLEM. The data was gathered using a survey questionnaire and open-ended questions. The descriptive and thematic analyses of quantitative and qualitative data, respectively, revealed numerous sources of FLE and FLB. These emotions particularly stemmed from factors related to teachers, course content, personal issues, tasks, homework, the classroom environment, and peers. The hierarchical analysis of the sources of FLEM suggests that teacher-related factors may have a strong influence on learners’ FLE, while peer-related factors might have the least impact. Likewise, FL learners’ boredom level is likely to be highly influenced by content and task-related factors, but only marginally by peer-related and learners’ learning traits. The study concludes with recommendations and practical implications for curriculum developers, teachers, and students.

The comparison of comprehensive sexuality education knowledge and attitudes in CSE-exposed and CSE-naïve non-formal settings in Lagos State, Nigeria.

This study compared the sexual reproductive health and rights related knowledge and attitudes towards inclusive gender norms among students in comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) exposed and naïve technical and vocational centers in Lagos state, Nigeria. It also explored the benefits of teaching and learning about CSE from exposed students and their instructors. A mixed-method research design was used. The study population comprised of students 15-24 years of age attending technical and vocational centers in Lagos State and instructors in CSE-exposed centres. Sample size of 450 per group was calculated. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire; focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used for data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed at p<0.05; coding and thematic analysis of qualitative data was followed by integration and of the findings; and interpreted using the information-motivation-behavioural skills model. Students in CSE-exposed schools had statistically significantly higher SRHR-related knowledge scores and positive attitudes towards inclusive gender norms. The CSE training improved the educational knowledge and teaching modalities of the instructors. The adolescents had increased knowledge, acquired behavioural skills, and changed certain behaviors. The SRHR-related benefits extended to their siblings and friends. This study contributes to the knowledge available on the benefits of CSE for young people in non-formal settings in Nigeria. It revealed that CSE training benefits not only the students but also their instructors, who reported acquisition of new teaching skills and improved parenting skills. The study findings suggest that the integration of CSE into non-formal educational settings could improve the SRHR- related knowledge among young people, promote inclusive gender norms and potentially contribute to improved SRH outcomes and related SDGs in Nigeria.

Integrating Single-Case and Qualitative Approaches: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of a Science Comprehension Intervention for Students with Extensive Support Needs

Despite advances in inclusion and access to the general curriculum for students with disabilities at large, students with extensive support needs (ESN) continue to receive instruction that is disconnected from the general curriculum and general education peers. One area of the general curriculum that students with ESN have historically lacked access to is science. However, ongoing research in this area has identified several evidence-based and promising practices that support the science learning of students with ESN. This project used a convergent mixed-methods single-case research design, specifically a single case adapted alternating treatments design paired with qualitative methods, to explore how an intervention to support comprehension of science content supported student learning and engagement for four middle school students with ESN. Implications of the study findings, as well as the value added from the mixed-methods approach, will be discussed.

Ride-Hailing Drivers' Preferences for Fairwork Principles of Satisfactory Working Conditions and Fair Pay-Profit Distribution and Willingness to Form and Join Worker-Platform Co-Operatives in Kenya

Ride-hailing drivers (e-drivers) are among the platform workers who successfully embrace the worker-platform co-operative model's emergence to counter capitalistic ride-hailing platforms and their complex ecosystems, which align with fairwork principles of pay, condition, contracts and (platform) management. This study was conducted to determine the extent of ride-hailing drivers' preferences for satisfactory working conditions, fair pay-profit distribution and willingness to form and join worker-platform co-operatives in Kenya. The study was grounded in the social exchange theory, affective theory of social exchange, and utility theory. The researcher applied critical-realism research philosophy and multimethod research designs of discrete choice experiments and sequential explanatory mixed method research designs. Using the Yamane sampling formula, the study used quantitative data from 497 respondents from sampled 600 of the 20,000 e-drivers in the Nairobi Metropolitan Region. The quantitative data was analysed using multinominal logistic regression. Moreover, the study used qualitative data from 11 participants, which was analysed using thematic analysis. Results indicated that the two fairwork principles were statistically significant to e-drivers’ willingness to form and join worker-platform co-operatives. fair pay-profits distribution (FPD) principle, in particular, was a highly preferred fairwork principle in terms of e-drivers’ willingness to form and join the worker-platform co-operative model (Coeff=1.564, SE = 0.234, Z = 6.67, p&lt; .001), compared to the satisfactory working conditions (SWC) principle (Coeff=0.783, SE = 0.156, Z = 5.012, p&lt; .001). This study brings practical and theoretical contributions to improve the e-drivers’ benefits from the ride-hailing sector. Policymakers, promoters, and platform workers like e-drivers could understand how best to promote worker-platform co-operatives to succeed in the country’s societal context.

Optimization of ride-sharing services: An investigation of the ride-hailing service providers

This study investigates the optimization of ride-sharing services (RSS) on the ride-hailing service (RHS) providers in Bangladesh. This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed method research design- a qualitative study followed by a quantitative one. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with twenty (20) riders and drivers in Bangladesh, and quantitative data were collected from 300 respondents consisting of riders and drivers using a convenience sampling technique. Factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to the data analysis. The qualitative analysis reveals several significant factors associated with RSS and RHS, including cost efficiency, fare, fuel consumption, traffic congestion, carbon emissions, environmental pollution, employment opportunities, business growth, and security. The quantitative results indicate that using RSS is associated with more significant benefits than RHS in various aspects, including cost efficiency, fare, fuel consumption, traffic congestion, carbon emissions, environmental pollution, employment opportunities, and expansion of the automobile industry. The findings may assist policymakers in understanding how RSS can yield more incredible economic, environmental, and social benefits than RHS by analyzing fare sharing among passengers, carbon emissions, fuel consumption, and the expansion of the vehicle markets etc. Therefore, the government can formulate distinct policies for RSS holders due to their contributions to economic, social, and environmental concerns. While RHS services are available in many cities in Bangladesh, this study considered only Dhaka and Sylhet cities. Thus, future studies can consider more respondents from other cities for a holistic understanding.

Comparing Virtual and Real-Life Rapid Prototyping Methods for User Testing Smart City Interfaces: A Case Study

In the development of complex embedded interactive systems, a tension arises between, on the one hand, ever shorter and highly iterative design processes, and, on the other hand, the need for user testing with early prototypes to validate systems from a user-centred design perspective. This study focuses on the integration of Virtual Reality (VR) into prototyping embedded interactive systems, examining its potential to bridge the gap between rapid prototyping and user-centered design validation. Adopting a comparative research approach, we analyze a case study: the development of a cultural smart city experience. It juxtaposes in situ, low-fidelity prototype testing with VR-based testing, evaluating their realism, interactivity, functionality, presence and task difficulty. This mixed-method research design incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, engaging 27 design students in a comparative study, conducting participatory research and 8 expert interviews. These findings reveal divergent roles in field testing and VR in the new product development process, highlighting VR’s strengths in visualizing procedures and facilitating discussion. This study identifies the limitations of VR in mimicking realistic interactions and incorporating social context yet underscores its superiority over paper prototypes in its realism and interactivity. Where field testing can hold broader contextual insights, the VR prototype gives more concrete and applied insights. The main advantage of VR testing is its visualisation of procedures and its final materialisation according to the participants interviewed. According to the experts interviewed, VR can be used as a useful tool within the development process especially for visualisation and testing user flows of complex interfaces.

Seasonal migration and youth social life in the Eastern Barienou district, Benin

This study investigated the relationship that exists between seasonal migration and social life of youth in the Eastern Barienou, Benin. Several young people from the Barienou district in the northern Benin leave their homes each year to work in Nigeria’s agricultural sector. Migration is a strategy employed to improve their standard of living. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonal migration on social life of youth in the Eastern Barienou. This study employed a mixed-method research design that combines a correlation survey and a phenomenological study. The population of the study included 450 people. The sampling frame included not only a list of youth in the Eastern Barienou district but also a list youth’s parents and youth’s leaders. A total of 196 participants were sampled using stratified sampling techniques. Data were collected using a questionnaire, an interview guide and a focus group discussion guide. A multivariate regression analysis was run to assess the association between seasonal migration and social life. Seasonal migration has a significant negative relationship with youth social life (β=.-39, p&lt;.001). QDA miner lite V3.0.6 was used for qualitative data analysis, SPSS 21 for descriptive analysis, and SPSS AMOS 26 for multivariate regression analysis. The study recommended that the Benin government enhance farming sector in the Eastern Barienou district and collaborate with the Nigerian government to improve working conditions for seasonal migrants.

The Impact of E-books on Thai EFL Undergraduates' Acquisition of Affixes and their Contentment with This Medium

The learning of affixes (prefixes and suffixes) by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) undergraduates is paramount since it enhances their vocabulary and helps them achieve fluency and proficiency in the English language. This paper aims to evaluate students’ command of affixes by using an electronic book (e-book) as a teaching method and examining students’ level of satisfaction regarding the learning of affixes through the e-book. The study employed a mixed-methods research design and included a sample of 50 first-year English for Communication students from Rajamangala University of Technology, Srivijaya. The research instruments used in this study included the pre-test, post-test, and an e-book satisfaction questionnaire, respectively. An interview was also used as a data-gathering tool in this research work. The findings indicated that the post-test results (26.40) yielded a superior outcome compared to the pre-test results (17.80). Furthermore, the e-book had an overall satisfaction rating of 4.57. In conclusion, the study found that students can significantly enhance their understanding of affixes, specifically prefixes and suffixes, by using unique e-books. For English teachers who encourage the use of e-books, the study's findings will have important implications since they will be able to use e-books for various uses in their respective classes when teaching EFL students.

University instructors’ and students’ perceptions of blended learning and perceived determinant factors

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of instructors and students towards blended learning and perceived determinant factors at Jimma University. A concurrent mixed-methods research design was used. Data were collected from 145 students and 70 instructors by using questionnaires and interviews. The findings showed that both instructors and students confirmed the lack of facilities, lack of technological knowledge, and instructors’ lack of technological pedagogical knowledge. On the other hand, both instructors and students believed that the BL approach had a positive impact on students learning. In addition, the major challenges identified were teachers’ increasing workload, lack of access to internet connections, non-compliance of learners’ educational backgrounds to permit effective use of BL, non-suitability of the approach for all learning styles, slow internet connectivity, lack of organization of blended learning materials, and lack of IT knowledge. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that the concerned university officials give thoughtful attention to the provision of necessary facilities to implement BL and design appropriate training and capacity-building programs for university instructors and students to increase students' and instructors’ knowledge and skills in technology use. Keywords: Blended learning; challenges; determinant factors; instructors; perceptions

Assessment of relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict resolution among nurse managers at tertiary Health Institutions of North Eastern States of Nigeria

Conflict in health care settings may be effectively managed if nurse managers possess conflict management skills such as reconciliation, listening, and effective communication to bring individuals closer and work together to find fair solutions and meet balanced needs. The study aimed at identifying the relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict resolution among nurse managers at tertiary Health Facilities, in the Northern States of Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to assess the level of emotional intelligence among nurse managers, also to identify the most common types of conflict, determine the causes of conflict, determine the conflict resolution strategies applied by the nurse managers and to identify relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict resolution among nurse managers in tertiary health institutions of North Eastern States. A mixed methods research design (quantitative and qualitative methods) was used. A total of 188 nurse managers and three Head Nursing Services departments formed the sample size. The nurse managers were given structured questionnaires and the Head of the Nursing Services department was interviewed (key informant interview). Three instruments were employed for data collection; Interview Guide, Structured Questionnaire and Participants Demographics Sheet. A simple random sampling technique was used for the study. The obtained data were coded and computed in an SPSS Version 26 and analyzed using percentages, mean and standard deviation for descriptive statistics while the Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used for the inferential statistics. The result of the study revealed that most of the nurse managers have a fair level of emotional intelligence when dealing with conflict among nurse managers. It also revealed that the most common type of conflict among nurses was related to environmental factors. The working environment was the highest cause of conflict among nurses. Social skill strategy was mostly used in conflict resolution. The study revealed that there was no significant relationship between years of experience and conflict resolution r=0.173. Based on the findings the researcher concluded that most of the respondents highly make use of social awareness in the application of emotional intelligence in conflict resolution, most of the causes of conflict among nurses were related to a working environment, and social skills were mostly used in conflict resolution among nurses. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that other sources of conflict management should be identified for nurse managers to manage conflict, nurse managers should use the skills they have to solve problems and conflict management to be part of a school of nursing curriculum.

RESPONSE OF LIQUID MANURES AS ALTERNATIVE NUTRIENT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

This research explores the transformative role of advanced technologies, particularly AI, machine learning (ML) and block chain, in the development of smart e-commerce solutions that enhance user experiences and operational efficiencies. It also explores how customized algorithms can improve customer engagement, boost conversion rates and encourage sustainable shopping practices. Additionally, the research investigates AI-driven solutions to encourage sustainable shopping behaviors and optimize shopping post-purchase experiences. Specifically, it aims to assess the impact of AI-based personalization algorithms, examine the trade-offs between data privacy and user experience and analyze AI's influence on consumer trust and decision-making processes. Primary data from surveys and interviews are supplemented with secondary data on customer behavior and sales metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of technologies like AI, machine learning and block chain in driving personalized, ethical and efficient e-commerce. A mixed-method research design, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, employed to capture insights from key stakeholders (e.g., consumers, developers and e-commerce managers) and assess the impact of smart e-commerce platforms on shopping behavior, trust and loyalty. Implementing the Agile Model, the research iteratively addresses system requirements, testing and deployment challenges to create a flexible, scalable solution. Key findings underscore the role of predictive modeling in inventory management, the ethical potential of sustainable product recommendations and the positive consumer responses to transparency initiatives. The study contributes valuable insights into the development of secure, personalized and ethical e-commerce platforms that align with modern consumer expectations for convenience and responsibility.

Influence of Organizational Technology on Administrative Performance of Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru County, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of organizational technology on administrative performance in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study adopted a mixed-method research design. The study targeted 352 principals in public secondary schools and 11 Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers in Nakuru County. Using stratified random sampling, a sample size of 106 principals and 4 Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (30 % of the population) was selected. Data collection methods included questionnaires administered to principals and interviews conducted with Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (SCQASO). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. A pre-test involving 11 schools in Nyandarua County confirmed the reliability of the research instruments, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.805. The findings reveals a strong and significant correlation between organizational technology and administrative performance (r = 0.876, p = 0.004). It was concluded that organizational technology, significantly influenced the administrative performance of principals, ultimately enhancing school effectiveness. To improve public secondary school administration, it is recommended that operational efficiency be enhanced, and technology be integrated.

Influence of Organizational Roles on Administrative Performance of Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru County, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of organizational roles on administrative performance in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study adopted a mixed-method research design. The study targeted 352 principals in public secondary schools and 11 Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers in Nakuru County. Using stratified random sampling, a sample size of 106 principals and 4 Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (30 % of the population) was selected. Data collection methods included questionnaires administered to principals and interviews conducted with Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (SCQASO). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. A pre-test involving 11 schools in Nyandarua County confirmed the reliability of the research instruments, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.805. The study found that the correlation coefficients between organizational roles and administrative performance in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya (r = 0.567, p = 0.002) was strong and significant. Organizational role significantly influenced the administrative performance of principals, ultimately enhancing school effectiveness. To improve public secondary school administration, it is recommended that clearly defined administrative roles be established.

An Analysis of the Disaster Management Program of Selected Higher Education Institutions in Cavite, Philippines: Towards the Development of a Disaster Risk Reduction Management Model for Schools

This study sought to analyze the Disaster Management Program of selected Higher Education Institution in Cavite to develop a Risk Reduction Management Model for Schools. A mixed method research design specifically triangulation using validating quantitative data was utilized in this study. Seven Higher Education Institutions in Cavite, Philippines were involved.

The Perceptions of School Counsellors about Their Training and Its Influence on Their Practice in Selected Public Secondary Schools in Cameroon

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the perceptions of school counsellors about their training and its influence on practice in selected public secondary schools in Cameroon. The study aimed at examining the effects of counsellors’ perceptions on practice. Materials and Methods: The concurrent nested mixed-method research design was used. Quantitative data was collected through descriptive survey with the aid of a questionnaire while qualitative data was collected using an interview guide. A sample of 249 randomly selected school counsellors were recruited from secondary schools in Mezam and Mfoundi Divisions of Cameroon. Findings: Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools; frequency counts, graphs, percentages and the Pearson test and regression analysis was used to test hypotheses. Thematic analysis with the aid of themes and quotations was used for qualitative data. Findings showed a positive and strong influence between counsellors’ perceptions of training and their practice (R-value=0.637**, P-value=0.000&lt;0.05). Implications are that the quality of training being offered to counsellors be intensified and improved. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: It was recommended that school counsellors be trained to be multiskilled, the training be intensified with emphasis on practicum; appropriate and adequate programs are organized and appropriately delivered by those who master the content at divisional and regional levels for counsellors to upgrade their skills.