Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocomposites Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of (CdO- CuOCo3O4) Mixed Metal Oxides Nanocomposite

The main goals of this study are to synthesize a mixed metal oxide nanocomposite (NC), CdO-CuO-Co3O4, and to analyze its structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and DC electrical resistivity. According to the XRD analysis, CuO nanoparticles (NPs) have a monoclinic structure, while CdO and Co3O4 (NPs) have cubic structures. The TEM images revealed a decrease in the particle size of CdO-CuO-Co3O4 (NC) compared with that of the NPs. The optical properties of CdO-CuO- Co3O4 (NC) were examined using a DRS in the wavelength range of 400-700 nm. The DC electrical resistivity results showed the semiconducting electrical behaviors of the samples.

Microwave Absorption Performance of One-dimensional Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocomposite

Abstract: Microwave-absorbing materials have received numerous attentions in terms of their key roles in the fields of stealth technology and controlling electromagnetic radiation pollution. In this paper, we aim to develop one-dimensional CoFe2O4-TiO2 mixed metal oxide nanocomposite via combination of sol-gel method and electrospinning technique. and investigate its microwave absorbing capability. The phase evolution from precursor fiber to final product and corresponding micromorphology are characterized, and microwave absorption performance for different CoFe2O4-TiO2 composite fibers are investigated with a vector network analyzer in 2-18 GHz. The prepared CoFe2O4-TiO2 mixed metal oxide composite fibers exhibit excellent microwave absorbing ability. The low reflection loss can reach -32.8 dB, and the maximum effective bandwidth is up to 6 GHz (12-18 GHz) at the thickness of 4 mm. The results further reveal that the lightweight mixed metal oxide composite fiber is promising for applications in electromagnetic attenuation and other related research fields.

Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using transition metal based mixed metal oxide nanocomposite under different illumination

Nowadays, copper and zinc nanoparticles are widely employed in a variety of applications. With nanoscale particle sizes, copper oxide/zinc oxide composite is easily synthesized using a variety of techniques, including hydrothermal, microwave, precipitation, etc. In the current work, chemical precipitation is used to create a copper oxide/zinc oxide nanocomposite. XRD analysis was used to determine the nanocomposite’s structural characteristics. Through SEM analysis, the surface morphological properties are investigated. EDAX is used to study the chemical composition of produced materials, while UV/Visible spectroscopy is used to determine their optical properties. The assessment of the copper oxide/zinc oxide nanocomposite’s degrading property on dyes like methyl red and methyl orange under UV and visible light are the main objectives of the current work.

Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of copper-based mixed metal oxide nanocomposite

Copper-based nanocomposite has a wide variety of applications in various fields of science. The present study focuses on the preparation of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanocomposites by the chemical precipitation method. The prepared samples were analyzed with the help of various characterization techniques, such as XRD, SEM, UV/visible spectroscopy, and EDAX. Using the XRD pattern, the crystallite size determination is carried out, and the crystalline nature of the nanocomposite is confirmed. With SEM analysis, surface morphological studies were performed. EDAX analysis conforms to the formation of mixed metal oxide nanocomposites. The antimicrobial behavior of samples was evaluated for E. coli bacteria using the disc diffusion method.

Optimizing Gas Sensing Properties of Fe-Loaded Indium Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite for Efficient Detection of Ammonia Gas

The current study delineates the role of gas sensing properties of Fe-IZO (Iron loaded Indium Zinc oxide) a mixed metal oxide nanocomposite. The heterostructured Fe-IZO nanocomposite (NC) was synthesized via the facile co-precipitation method. The Fe-IZO NC was characterized by various experimental techniques and the results attained allowed us to suggest the mechanism for considering the connection between morphological variations and gas-sensing characteristics of Fe-IZO NC. One of the cutting-edge circumstances now-a-days is the prime use of gas sensors for environmental applications. The NC has a good selectivity for NH3 gas that has shown good stability up to 80 d. The response time (ℸres) is 64 s, recovery time (ℸrec) is 72 s for 50 ppm (parts per million) and obtained a highest response of 87% at room temperature. The Fe-IZO NC heterostructure with efficient charge transfer can enable the subsequent reaction mechanism with NH3 gas and the adsorbed oxygen ions leading to an increased response. Consequently, the results attained in this work has shown that the synthesized heterostructured NC sensor is suitable for room temperature NH3 sensing with high performance.

A Promising Electrochemical Sensor Platform for the Detection of Dopamine Using CuO‐NiO/rGO Composite

AbstractDopamine plays a significant role in the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Hence, the ability to sense levels of dopamine is pivotal in diagnosis and treatment procedures. For sensing dopamine, a mixed metal oxide nanocomposite (NC) of copper oxide‐nickel oxide/reduced graphene oxide (CuO‐NiO/rGO) is fabricated by the sol–gel method, and it is used to modify the glassy carbon electrode. The structural and morphological characterizations are done by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDAX), Raman, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results exhibit monoclinic CuO, cubic NiO, and hexagonal rGO structures. The Raman studies confirm the D and G bands for rGO. Different electrochemical techniques are used to examine the efficacy of nanocomposite in detecting dopamine. The CuO‐NiO metal oxide NC response compared with the CuO‐NiO/rGO NC shows a better response by rGO containing nanocomposite.Further, the chronoamperometric method is employed, and the diffusion coefficient is calculated as 1.04 × 10−6 cm2 s−1. The differential pulse voltammetry is carried out to measure the nanocomposite's sensitivity and detection limit (LOD). The catalyst exhibits a sensitivity of 7.2 µA cm−2 mM−1 and a LOD of 0.006 µM. The composite can be used as a flexible skin patch sensor to predict abnormal dopamine levels such as Parkinson's disease.

Mixed metal oxide decorated polypyrrole nanocomposites for multifunctional applications

Mixed metal oxide nanocomposites of TiO2, ZnO, and CuO were synthesized by the improved Sol-gel method. Polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) was carried out by chemical oxidative technique. In situ technique was used to synthesize mixed metal/PPy nanocomposites. The photocatalytic, antibacterial, anticorrosive, electrical, and magnetic properties of polymeric nanocomposites were investigated. The photosensitivity of polymeric nanocomposites was examined for degrading methylene blue dye in visible light. The variation in pH and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) with the degradation time of dye was followed. pH increases and COD decreases with an increase in photodegradation of dye with time. The antibacterial properties of polymeric nanocomposites and metal oxide nanocomposites were investigated against E. coli and B. subtilis and compared with 06 antibiotics (Hexa disk). The optical band gap of metal oxide nanocomposites, PPy, and PPy/mixed metal oxide nanocomposites was investigated by Tauc plots. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue follows pseudo 1st-order kinetics with a velocity constant of 0.0685 min−1. The mixed metal/PPy nanocomposites show 80.1 ± 0.2 % corrosion inhibition efficiency. The maximum zone of inhibition shown by mixed metal nanocomposites was 12.5 ± 0.1 mm against E. coli. The mixed metal/PPy nanocomposites (100 ppm) degrade 92 % of the methylene blue dye after 90 min. of visible light exposure. The magnetic properties show a high degree of magnetization retention in polymeric nanocomposites. Mixed metal/PPy nanocomposites show very good photocatalytic, antibacterial, anticorrosive, electrical, and magnetic properties and hence act as advanced functional nanomaterials for multifunctional applications.

Highly sensitive amperometric food sensor for Sudan-I dye using nanocomposites modified working electrode

Sudan-I dye (1-phenyl azo-2-naphthol) is commonly used as a coloring agent in the food and textile industries. The excessive use of Sudan-I dye has ill effects on human health. A sensitive and selective electrochemical detection is required for sensing Sudan-I dye in food products. An electrochemical sensor based on a modified working electrode using ternary mixed metal oxide (Ti/Fe/CuO) nanocomposites was developed for sensing Sudan-I dye. Using a modified Sol-gel technique, Ti/Fe/CuO mixed metal nanocomposites were synthesized. FT-IR, UV–Visible, SEM, and XRD techniques were used to characterize the Ti/Fe/CuO nanocomposites. Different voltammetric techniques, such as Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV), and Linear Sweep Voltammetric (LSV) were used for qualitative and quantitative estimation of Sudan-I dye. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used for structural information of interface. The specially designed working electrode acted as a sensor and shows good sensing ability toward Sudan-I dye in real food samples. A linear range of 0–160 µM and 0–200 µM for red chili sauce and powder (real samples), respectively was observed. Under the optimized condition, the current response was linear with a detection limit of 0.02 µM/L. A characteristic oxidation peak of 7263.36 µA at 0.2606 V and a reductive peak of − 1465 μA at − 0.3714 V are the characteristic peaks for Sudan-I dye. The effect of change in pH, scan rate, storage, stability behavior, and concentration of Sudan-I dye was evaluated. A comparative study was done between glassy carbon electrodes, bare Copper metal, and ternary metal oxide NCs modified electrodes. The developed electrochemical sensor demonstrated reliability, reproducibility, stability, speed, and non-specificity, making it suitable for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of food additives, preservatives, coloring agents, and flavoring agents.

Hydrothermally synthesized mixed metal oxide nanocomposites for electrochemical water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen production

Here, mixed metal oxide composites CuO/NiO/ZrO2 (CNZr) were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal route, and their electrochemical water splitting, and photocatalytic hydrogen production were further investigated. The CNZr600 composite exhibited the H2 generation rate of 14.27 mmol g−1 h−1, which is greater than that of the CNZr400, CNZr500 composites. The mixed metal oxide composite of CNZr600/NF with numerous catalytically active centers and charge transfer ability furnished minor overpotentials of 218 mV and 372 mV for HER and 400 mV and 540 mV for OER at 10 and 50 mA cm−2, respectively, in potassium hydroxide electrolyte. The alkaline electrolyzer designed by CNZr600/NF requires an appealing operating potential of 1.69 V for efficient H2 production. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed a reduced impedance response for the composites, which was dominated by the relaxation of the intermediate frequency connected with the adsorption of the intermediate. Furthermore, the superior catalytic activities of the mixed metal oxide composites were attributed to their structural properties, high electroactive surface areas, fast electron transport kinetics, and good chemo-electrical bonding between CuO, NiO, and ZrO2. These consequences provide a new vision for the design of mixed metal oxide composite catalysts for low-cost H2 production.

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of rGO wrapped mixed metal oxide and sulfide nanocomposite for superior energy storage applications

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is added to TiO2 and TiS2 to develop several hybrid electrode materials, including rGO/TiO2, rGO/TiS2, and rGO/TiO2/TiS2 to enhance the electrochemical performance. SEM/EDX, TEM, XRD, XPS, and Raman techniques are used to study the resulting hybrid electrode materials. The capacitance and cycling capacity of the synthesized rGO/TiO2, rGO/TiS2, and rGO/TiO2/TiS2 electrode materials are assessed using galvanostatic and cyclic voltammetry testing. The rGO/TiO2/TiS2 exhibits higher electrochemical performance (726 mA h/g) at 20 mV/s, among the investigated composites. The rGO/TiO2/TiS2 electrode was found to have R ct value of 20.4 Ω.cm2. These values indicate that the rGO/TiO2/TiS2 has a much lower resistance, which may be the primary cause of the outstanding electrochemical properties of the rGO/TiO2/TiS2. The retention capacity of 97.93% at 1 A/g upto10,000 cycles shows that this rGO/TiO2/TiS2 hybrid electrode also exhibits good cycling stability. The rGO/TiO2/TiS2 composites’ respective energy and power densities are determined to be 682 Wh/kg and 5073 W/kg. Due to the synergistic interaction between TiS2, rGO, and TiO2, the rGO/TiO2/TiS2 hybrid is demonstrated to be a superior anode material in supercapacitors. Therefore, the newly fabricated rGO/TiO2/TiS2 nanocomposite could be used as the potential material for energy storage applications.

Synthesis, physical and electrochemical properties of Bi-V-O mixed metal oxide nanocomposites for catalytic fabrication of 2-amino-4H-benzochromenes under heat, ultrasonic, and microwave illuminations

The present study reports the mild condition hydrothermal synthesis of a new class of Bi-V-O four component nanocomposites (Bi2V2O7-BiVO3-BiVO4-V2O5). The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) technique was used to specify and investigate the crystal phase composition of the samples that have been synthesized. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images confirmed the plate and rod-like structures of the as-prepared samples. The straight band gap energies of the synthesized samples were in the domain of 1.3 to 1.6 eV. The vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) data indicated that the samples had ferromagnetic behavior. In magnetization, no desired path in magnetization was observed for the samples. The value of saturation magnetization (Ms) was in the domain of 0.036 to 0.080 emu/g. Also, the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-benzochromenes was studied catalytically under heat, ultrasonic, and microwave illumination conditions. The considered parameters such as solvent type catalyst amount and reaction time influencing the yield of the 4H-benzochromene reaction were studied. The maximum yield for the synthesizing of the 4H-benzochromene compounds was obtained when H2O was used as the reaction solvent. The catalyst amount and reaction time were 10 mol% and 6 min, respectively, under ultrasonic conditions, while benzaldehyde was used as an aldehyde derivative.

Thermal transmission application of mixed metal oxide nanocomposite in Therminol-based nanofluid

Thermal transmission application of mixed metal oxide nanocomposite in Therminol-based nanofluid

Chemical Catalytic Applications of Nanocomposites in Photo Reactors: Review

Nanocomposites as a photocatalysts are chosen for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant molecules. Noble metal decorated mixed metal oxides composite and reduced graphene oxide deposited metal oxide nanocomposites are of cost-effective photocatalysts. Nanocomposites are act as better photocatalysts due to their tunable surface characteristics as acidic and basic properties, advanced oxidation or reduction abilities makes them unique approach for heterogeneous photocatalysts. Development of cheaper semiconductor photocatalysts, which are highly effective and reusable photocatalytic applications of nanocomposites under visible light, is very challenging materials. We prepared cost-effective ternary mixed metal oxide nanocomposites chemical catalysts with rGO with heterojunctions of rGO-ZnO-TiO2 -Nb2 O5 labelled as rGZTNb for efficient photo catalysis in photo reactor under visible light radiations for chemical catalysis. Author described about eh development effect of heterogeneous photocatalysts. Heterogeneous visible light photocatalysts of semiconductor mediated materials at the nanometer scale have paid much attention towards the past decade due to their beneficial strategies in the photocatalytic usage. ZnO and TiO2 along with Nb2 O5 nanocomposite combinations as solid powders can significantly enhance light absorption, then separation pairs of electron-hole by photogeneraton

Biodegradable acid based nanocomposite-CuO-ZnO-Ni(OH)2/PA: A novel material for water cleansing

Rapid industrialization has exposed the human community to serious risks of water toxicity from excessive contamination of fresh water by toxic dyes. Thus, many techniques have been adopted to reduce water contamination. Adsorption technology based on environmentally friendly adsorbents appears to be the best solution; mixed metal-oxide nanocomposites as adsorbents have been in great demand over the past several years. Mixed metal-oxide nanocomposites can be modified using biodegradable materials to meet this demand, although such studies are very rare. This study reports the preparation of phthalic-acid-modified copper–zinc binary oxide coupled with a nickel hydroxide nanocomposite. Copper–zinc binary-oxide-coupled nickel hydroxide nanocomposite was prepared by a simple co-precipitation method and modified with biodegradable phthalic acid. The characterization results revealed the enhanced functional groups and porosity of phthalic-acid-modified nanocomposite, which was used to remove Congo red dye and found to be more suitable than unmodified copper–zinc binary-oxide-coupled nickel hydroxide. Congo red dye removal efficiency of the modified nanocomposite was approximately 30% higher than that with the unmodified nanocomposite under the same conditions. Approximately 2.0 g/L amount of the modified nanocomposite adsorbent could remove about 99% of the 10.0 mg/L concentration of Congo red dye within 120 min at pH = 7.0 and 30 °C. The partition coefficient (∼32.00 mg/g/μM), equilibrium adsorption capacity (∼5.00 mg/g), and maximum adsorption capacity (∼20.0 mg/g) of the modified nanocomposite were also found to be much better than those of the unmodified copper–zinc binary-oxide-coupled nickel hydroxide and other reported adsorbents. The regeneration and reusability test results of the modified nanocomposite for Congo red dye removal suggested that the modified adsorbent was efficient for five cycles. This pioneering study is shown to be efficient for wastewater treatment, and the novelty is based on the use of biodegradable acids. Based on experimental results, it is recommended that more biodegradable acids be used in adsorbent preparation and modification in the future so that sustainable and affordable technologies may be achieved.

Facile fabrication of novel ceria-based nanocomposite (CYO-CSO) via co-precipitation: Electrochemical, photocatalytic and antibacterial performances

Ceria-based mixed metal oxide (rare-earth-based) nanocomposites have become well-known and play an important part in contemporary nanotechnology research due to their superior photocatalytic, biological, and electrochemical performance. A Ce0.8Y0.2 O2-δ–Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ (CYO-CSO) nanocomposite was fabricated utilizing a chemical precipitation technique for a variety of applications. For structural study, Fourier transfer infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and thermographic analysis (TGA) were used, as well as Scanning Electronic microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for morphological and elemental analysis. There was no secondary phase seen during the creation of fluorite cubic crystal arrangement. XRD and FTIR were used to reveal the metal-oxygen connection. UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to calculate the optical bandgap of the produced nanocomposite. Electrochemical characteristics were discovered when conducting electrochemical impedance studies (EIS) at a frequency range of 40 Hz to 6 kHz and a voltage of 1.3 V. Methylene blue (MB) was utilized to estimate photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic performance of CYO-CSO nanocomposite for MB dye was shown to be superior (93%). The antibacterial characteristic features of the synthesized CYO-CSO nanocomposite against foodborne pathogens are satisfactory.

Design and synergistic effect of nano-sized epoxy-NiCo2O4 nanocomposites for anticorrosion applications.

In the present work, we evaluated the corrosion inhibition properties of a ligand and mixed metal oxide nanocomposite. The ligand and mixed nickel–cobalt complex were synthesized using 1-naphthoic acid and aminoguanidine with the formulae [C11H7O2(CN4H5)(CN4H6)]·H2O and {Ni–Co[(CH5N4)2(C11H7O2)2]}·H2O, respectively. After their synthesis, physicochemical techniques such as CHNS analysis, infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize both the synthesized ligand and nickel–cobalt complex. The metal oxide prepared from the decomposition of the metal complex was also characterized using several techniques to confirm its bonding and structure. In addition, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the epoxy-ligand and epoxy-NiCo2O4 nanocomposite on mild steel (MS) in 3 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), 1.5 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and 0.5 M phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution was examined and compared using weight loss measurements, Tafel plots, isotherms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results from the electrochemical studies disclosed that the epoxy coating of mixed metal oxides with 0.8 ppm concentration yielded excellent corrosion protection. The SEM images of mild steel and mild steel coated with epoxy-ligand/epoxy-NiCo2O4 in HCl confirmed the anti-corrosive behavior of the synthesized compounds. Hence, the as-prepared material can be a next-generation tool for sustainable anti-corrosive coatings.

Environmentally Benign Organic Dye Conversion under UV Light through TiO2-ZnO Nanocomposite

In this work, we developed a very simple and novel approach for synthesizing TiO2-ZnO nanocomposites via the urea-assisted thermal decomposition of titanium oxysulphate and zinc acetate at different weight ratios. The synthesized nanocomposite samples were studied by means of HR-TEM, XRD, STEM, UV–Vis DRS, PL and EDS. The observed results demonstrate that the TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite consists of an anatase crystal phase of TiO2 with a crystallite size of 10–15 nm. Combined characterization, including UV–Vis DRS, STEM, EDS and HR-TEM, revealed the successful formation of a heterojunction between TiO2 and ZnO and an improvement in UV spectrum absorption. The photocatalytic activity was explored using MO degradation under ultraviolet light illumination. The results of the optimized TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite show excellent photocatalytic activity and photostability over a number of degradation reaction cycles. In addition, the current approach has immense potential to be used as a proficient method for synthesizing mixed metal oxide nanocomposites.

Dynamic Mechanical and Electrochemical Analysis of Newly Synthesized Polyurethane/CuO–NiO Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Coated Steel in 3.5% NaCl solution

Dynamic Mechanical and Electrochemical Analysis of Newly Synthesized Polyurethane/CuO–NiO Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Coated Steel in 3.5% NaCl solution

Novel MnO2-CuO-BaO metal oxide nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitors

Novel MnO2-CuO-BaO (MCB) spherical nanocomposite was synthesized by facile hydrothermal method at 80 °C from aqueous solutions. The sample was primarily characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Dynamic Light scattering measurements. XRD showed the existence of MnO2, CuO and BaO in crystalline form with average crystallite size 16 nm. SEM and DLS studies demonstrated a wide particle size distribution. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance (EIS) measurements were recorded to examine the electrochemical characteristics. CV profile revealed a pseudocapacitance behavior of the nanocomposite. A noticeably high specific capacitance of 198 F/g was established at a scan rate of 10 mV/sec in aqueous 1 M KOH electrolyte. This strongly suggested Mn-Cu-Ba mixed metal oxide nanocomposite as a promising electrode material in supercapacitor technology.

CuO-ZnO-CdWO4: a sustainable and environmentally benign photocatalytic system for water cleansing.

Currently, there is a major problem of water contaminations, especially of dyes, all over the world. A new technique is being developed daily for the treatment of contaminated water. In many ways, a photocatalytic degradation of a dye by a mixed metal oxide photocatalyst is counted as the best technique for water treatment. This paper also addresses the preparation and photocatalytic application of newly developed mixed metal oxide nanocomposite, CuO-ZnO-CdWO4. A novel mixed metal oxide CuO-ZnO-CdWO4 nanocomposite has been synthesized by a green route using Brassica Rapa leaves extract. The application of CuO-ZnO-CdWO4 as a photocatalyst in wastewater treatment has been thoroughly discussed. Several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposite. The photocatalytic activity of CuO-ZnO-CdWO4 nanocomposite with a band gap of 3.13 eV was observed under the artificial visible light and sunlight for the degradation of Congo red dye. The results under sunlight show the 1.45 times greater removal efficiency than under the artificial visible light. Pseudo-first-order, diffusion, and Singh kinetics models were used to describe the kinetics of dye degradation. Pseudo-first-order model was found to be best fitted model for present study. The performance of CuO-ZnO-CdWO4 was estimated by significant parameters such as quantum yield, figure of merit, turnover number, and mean turnover frequency. The value these parameters were calculated as 1.70 × 10-8 molecules photon-1, 1.77 × 10-4, 2.98 × 108 s-1, and 3.31 × 10-4 s-1, respectively. These parameters revealed high potential of CuO-ZnO-CdWO4 for Congo red dye degradation.