Mixed Ligand Complexes Of Zinc Research Articles

Pentacoordinate Mixed-Ligand Zn(II) Complexes with Flufenamato and Niflumato Ligands: Crystal Structure, Spectral Characterization and Biological Properties

Mixed-ligand complexes featuring a carboxylato ligand and bidentate chelate N,N′-donor ligands along with a single halogenido ligand are rarely subjected to studies despite their interesting physical, chemical and biological properties. A direct synthesis involving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs flufenamic acid and niflumic acid and sterically hindering N,N′-donor ligands (neocuproine and 2,2′-biquinoline) has been used to prepare mononuclear mixed-ligand zinc complexes with a composition of [ZnCl(flu)(neo)] (1A and 1B) and [ZnCl(nif)(biq)] (2). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data have shown that the carboxylate binding mode differs in the two polymorphs 1A and 1B, which form molecules of same composition, and the deviations in molecular geometry are further reflected in their supramolecular structures. The inter- and intramolecular interactions and their contributions to the stability of the crystal structures has been investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The spectral properties of the prepared complexes in solid-state and solution have been analyzed. Additionally, the interaction with the biomacromolecules (fish sperm DNA, human and bovine serum albumins), studied by fluorescence assays, showed a stronger binding of 1A and 1B in comparison with 2.

Efficiency of using different levels of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt in cow feeding

To increase productivity and reduce the negative impact on the environment, it is necessary to investigate the most optimal ratios of organic trace elements in the diets of cows involved in the production cycle, considering their physiological state and lactation stage. The purpose of the study was to determine the economic profitability of using mixed complexes of zinc, manganese, and cobalt in the diets of dairy cows. The experiment was carried out under production conditions on Holstein cows. 100 cows were divided into two groups. Cows of the control and experimental groups consumed feed mixtures made according to the same recipes, supplemented with mixed ligand complexes of zinc, manganese, and cobalt. It was found that with the optimal content of mixed ligand complexes of zinc, manganese, and cobalt in cows of the experimental group, body weight loss during the first hundred days of lactation was 16.4 kg or 2.88% less than in the control. Analysis of performance indicators of cows during the dry period and the first hundred days of lactation showed that in animals of the experimental group, whose diet contained mixed ligand complexes of trace elements at the rate of 54.7 mg of zinc and manganese and 0.7 mg of cobalt per 1 kg of dry matter, milk yields of natural fat content increased by 4.1 kg or 9.2%, the fat content in milk – by 0.02% compared to cows of the control group, whose diets provided the content of zinc and manganese at the level of 60.8 mg, cobalt – 0.78 mg/kg of dry matter due to mixed ligand complexes. There was also a decrease in the duration of the service period by 9 days and the insemination index by 0.17 semen doses. The cost of production remained unchanged, and the additional profit with a reduced concentration of these elements in the diet of cows of the experimental group amounted to EUR 27.24 or 9.7%. Thus, optimisation of mineral nutrition of cows by introducing mixed ligand complexes of zinc, manganese, and cobalt to achieve the concentration of trace elements of zinc and manganese – 54.7 mg each, and cobalt – 0.7 mg per 1 kg of dry matter of the feed mixture will improve milk production and reproductive capacity of cows and allow obtaining additional profit

MIXED LIGAND COMPLEXES OF ZINC AND THEIR ENTOMOLOGICAL STUDIES

The current manuscript summarizes the insect toxicology and entomological efficacy of some newly synthesized mixed ligand complexes of Zinc against Spodoptera litura and Tetranychus sp. The results clearly indicate them as potential insecticidal agents

The economic efficiency of the use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Man-ganese and Cobalt in the rations of highlyproductive cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed

The research results on the cost-effectiveness of using different doses of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt due to their mixed ligand complexes in the feeding rations of highly productive cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed in the first 100 days of lactation are presented. Experimental studies were conducted on five (one control and four experimental) groups of analogous cows in the conditions of the Kyiv region's ALC “Terezyne” Bila Tserkva district. The optimal dose of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt was established in previous studies, with a concentration of 1 kg of dry matter (DM) of the feed mixture (FM), mg: Zinc – 60.8; Manganese – 60.8, and Cobalt – 0.78. For the second experimental group, the concentration of these trace elements increased by 10 %, and in the 3rd, fourth, and fifth experimental groups – on the contrary, it decreased by 10 %, 20, and 30 %, respectively, compared with the control. The highest hopes of essential fat milk were in experimental cows of the 4th group and were 4791.7 kg, where due to mixed ligand complexes, the doses of Zinc and Manganese were 48.6 mg, and Cobalt – 0.62 mg per 1 kg of DM. The hopes of essential fat milk, compared with the control, in cows of the second experimental group, was higher by 155.2 kg, the 3rd – by 211.3 kg, the 4th – by 427.0 kg, and the fifth experimental group – by 234.6 kg. The lowest hopes of essential fat milk were in cows of the first control group. Using additives of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt in complete feed mixtures allowed profit, UAH: in the first control group – 7581.5; second experimental group – 7963.1; third – 8004.1; fourth – 8437.6 and 5th – 8119.0. The most significant profit, by UAH 856.1, or 11.29 % more than control, was obtained in the fourth experimental group of cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed. The positive effect of feeding different levels of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt due to their mixed ligand complexes to cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed in the first 100 days of lactation on the indicators of economic efficiency of milk production. The best results were obtained in the fourth experimental group, whose cows were fed a feed mixture containing 1 kg of DM, mg: Zinc – 48.6; Manganese – 48.6; Cobalt – 0.62; Selenium – 0.3; Copper – 12 and Iodine – 1.1.

INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME MIXED LIGAND COMPLEXES OF ZINC

The present manuscript deals with the insecticidal and toxicological activities of some mixed ligand complexes of Zinc which are recently been reported. The newly synthesized complexes were also tested for their contact, stomach, antifeedant, and acaricidal activities against insects, pests, and mites. The outcome of screening clearly indicates them as potent insecticidal agents.

The economic efficiency of the use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in the rations of highlyproductive cows of the Ukrain-ian Red-Spotted Dairy breed

The article deals with the results of research on the economic efficiency of the use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in the feeding rations of highlyproductive cows of Ukrainian Red-Spotted Dairy breed in the first 100 days of lactation. The research was performed on five groups (one control and four experimental) of analogous cows in the conditions of ALC “Terezyne” Bila Tserkva district of Kyiv region. The control was the optimal dose of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt, which was previously established with a concentration of 1 kg of dry matter (DM) of the feed mixture (FM), mg: Zinc – 60.8; Manganese – 60.8 and Cobalt – 0.78. For the 2nd experimental group, the concentration of these trace elements was increased by 10 %, and in the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups – on the contrary, the concentration of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in 1 kg of DM of feed mixture was reduced by 10 %, 20 and 30 %, respectively, compared with the control. The best results on milk yield of natural and basic fat content were got from cows of the 4th experimental group, where the concentration of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt due to their mixed ligand complexes in 1 kg of DM of feed mixture was, mg: Zinc – 48.6; Manganese – 48.6; Cobalt – 0.62. The cost of products got from experimental cows ranged from UAH 12702.3 up to UAH 13783.7 and it was the highest in the 4th experimental group. It was set up that for cows of Ukrainian Red-Spotted Dairy breed in the first 100 days of lactation the most economically advantageous was the dose of mixed ligand complexes, in which the concentration of Zinc and Manganese was 48.6 mg, and Cobalt – 0.62 mg/kg DM, which allowed to obtain a profit of 14.37 % more than in the control group. Doses of mixed ligand complexes with a concentration of Zinc and Manganese – 66.9 mg; 54.7 and 42.6 mg, and Cobalt – 0.86 mg; 0.7 and 0.55 mg/kg CF gave a much lower economic effect. Additional profit in the 2nd experimental group amounted to UAH 66.8 or 1.34 %; in the 3rd – UAH 95.6 or 1.92 % and in the 5th – UAH 561.6 or 11.28 %, compared with the control group.

The Influence of feeding mixed ligand complexes of zinc, manganese and cobalt on cow productivity, feed digestivity and nitrogene exchange in the final period of lactation

The effectiveness of the use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in the diets of high-yielding cows in the final period of lactation, and their effect on productivity, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in the animals’ body was studied in a scientific economic experiment conducted at the Terezyne Ltd. of Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region. Five groups of highly productive cows of Holstein, Ukrainian red-spotted and Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breeds were selected on the principle of analogues. The difference in feeding cows of the groups was in the following: - the diet of the control 1st group was balanced to the norm only with trace elements of Selenium, Copper and Iodine. - cows of the 2nd and 3d experimental group were fed with the norm of all trace elements (for the 2nd experimental groupthe norm was provided due to introducing sulfates of Zinc, Manganese, Cobalt, Copper, Selenium Suplex and Potassium iodide; for the 3d experimental group , sulfates of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt were substituted with their mixed ligand complexes). - for cows of 4th experimental group, the concentration of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in 1 kg of dry matter feed was reduced by 11% compared to the group 3. - for the 5thgroup it was 22% lower than in the group 3. The results of the studies show that the use different doses of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, Cobalt in cows feeding with the use of Selenium Suplex, Copper sulfate and Potassium iodide during the final 100 days of lactation did not affect milk productivity. Each cow of the control group in the final period of lactation yielded 2220 kg of natural milk, whereas the cows of the experimental groups 2-5 yielded 40-120 kg more. The difference in the average daily milk yield of 4% fat was 0.5–1.91 kg, and this difference was significant (p <0.001). The results of the balance experiment show that the experimental groups animals digested feed nutrients and absorbed Nitrogen better. Nitrogen was deposited in the body of cows of experimental groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 by 2.1 g, 4.1, 7.3 and 12.8 g, respectively (p <0.05) in comparison with the control group, which provided milk productivity increase and reduce the need for these elements.The use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt contributes to milk productivity increase through reducing feed costs per 1 kg of product and reduces the need for these elements. The best performance results were obtained in the experimental group 5, where the animals were fed with the feed containing 1 kg of dry matter, mg: Zinc 35, Manganese 35; Cobalt 0.4; Selenium 0.3; Copper 9 and Iodine 0.8. Key words: cows, Zinc, Manganese, Cobalt, Copper, Selenium Suplex, Potassium iodide, mixed ligand complexes, Nitrogen balance.

Digestibility of substances, balance of Nitrogen, Zinc and Manganese in highly productive cows of the Holstein breed of German selection in the first period of lactation for feeding mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Co-balt

The article deals with the results of research to study the digestibility of nutrients in the ration and metabolism of Nitrogen, Zinc and Manganese in high-yielding Holstein cows of German selection in the first period of lactation for feeding mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt. The research was performed in the conditions of Terezyne Ltd., Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region. There was an increase in the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter in cows of the 2nd-5th experimental groups compared with animals of the 1st control group, respectively by 1.8–3.5 % (P < 0.05); organic matter by 0.3–2.5 %; crude protein by 0.5–4.2 % (P < 0.05 – P < 0.01); crude fat by 1.1–1.8 %; crude fiber by 1.3–3.3 % and nitrogen-free extractives by 2.1–4.2 %. Cows of the experimental groups consumed more Nitrogen than the cows of the control group: 20.18 g or 2.4 % – the 2nd group, 55.06 g or 6.6 % – the 3rd, 42.52 g or 5, 1 % – 4th and 28.98 g or 3.5 % – 5th experimental group due to better eating of the feed mixture. General consumption level of Nitrogen in relation to excreted with milk and deposited in the body of cows of the control group was 32.02 %, and in animals of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups – 33.59 %; 37.31; 36.99 and 34.97 %. In relation to the total digested amount, the proportion of Nitrogen deposited in the body and excreted with milk in animals of the control group was 42.38 %, and in the experimental – 44.25–47.34 %. Doses of Zinc, which provided its existing rate of 54–85 % due to the mixed ligand complex, positively influenced on the the metabolism of trace elements in the organism of experimental cows. Assimilation of Zinc in the organism was determined by the amount of its secretions with milk and deposits in the body and in absolute terms it was the lowest in cows of the 4th and 5th experimental groups – 562.7 mg and 671.6 mg against 740.8 mg in the 1st control group and the largest – 784.7 mg and 801.3 mg in animals of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups. The use of a mixed ligand complex of manganese ensured its positive balance in the organism of cows and the absorption of the trace element in the organism of experimental cows ranged from 22.5 % in the 2nd experimental group to 33.2 % in the 3rd experimental group. The best indicators for the metabolism of Nitrogen, Zinc and Manganese were got in the third experimental group whose cows were fed a feed mixture, that in 1 kg of DM contained, mg: Zinc – 54.7; Manganese – 54.7; Cobalt – 0.7; Selenium – 0.3; Copper – 12 and Iodine – 1.1.

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MIXED-LIGANDE COMPLEXES OF ZINC, MANGANESE AND COBALT IN THE FEEDING OF HIGHLYPRODUCTIVE COWS UKRAINIAN BLACK-SPOTTED DAIRY BREED THE FIRST LACTATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON FEED CONSUMPTION, PRODUCTIVITY, REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION

The results of studying the influence of different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in feeding high-lyproductive cows Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed on feed consumption, milk productivity for the first 100 days of lactation, reproductive function and hematological parameters are presented.
 It was found that on average during the first 100 days of lactation experimental cows consumed 52.6-54.2 kg of feed mixture day and most of it was eaten by cows of the 4th experimental group.
 The best results in milk productivity (milk yield and fat and protein content) were obtained from cows of the 4th experimental group, which received rations with mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt, the concentration of which in 1 kg of DM feed mixture, mg: Zinc - 48.6; Manganese - 48.6 and Cobalt - 0.62.
 Feed consumption per 1 kg of milk was the lowest in the 4th experimental group and amounted to 7.42 MJ of metabolic energy against 7.74 MJ of metabolic energy in the 1st control group and 7.19-7.48 MJ of metabolic energy in other experimental groups.
 Different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in feed mixtures of dry cows in the last 30 days of gestation caused a difference in live weight of calves at birth and had a positive effect on the reproductive functions of experimental cows. 2.1 fertilizations were required for one fruitful insemination of each cow in the 1st control group, 1.8 in the 2nd; 3rd - 1.6; 4th - 1.5 and 5th - 1.7.
 Analysis of hematological parameters of experimental cows shows that different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in concentrated feeds have a positive effect on the body of lactating cows, which, in turn, improves their milk productivity and especially reproductive functions.

Використання змішанолігандних комплексів Цинку, Мангану й Кобальту в годівлі високопродуктивних корів у пізній сухостійний період

The results of establishing the optimal feeding doses of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt in the form of their mixed-ligand complexes for high-yielding cows of Holstein, Ukrainian Red-Spotted and Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breeds during the late dry period were presented, their influence on the future productivity and reproductive qualities of cows were also determined. It was found that lower doses of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt in the feed mixture stimulated its consumption better. The cows of the 4th experimental group consumed more of the feed mixture, where the concentration of Zinc and Manganese was 35 mg, and Cobalt – 0.49 mg per 1 kg of DM. At various doses of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt, the increase in live weight in cows of the control group was 24.3 kg, and in the experimental groups, it ranged from 23.7 kg to 26.9 kg, which is 8.6% and 10.7% (P < 0,05) more in the 3rd and 4th groups compared with the control. A decrease in the concentration of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt in the diets of dry cows in the experimental groups by 10, 20, 30 and 40% had a positive effect on their further milk productivity. During the first 100 days of lactation, they milked 60-180 kg of milk more compared to the control with an increase in fat content by 0.01–0.05%. Also, in the milk of experimental group’s cows, compared with the control, the protein content increased (3.22–3.23% versus 3.14%), and the feed costs per 1 kg of milk in them were lower by 3.5–9.4%. Smaller doses of zinc, manganese, and cobalt contributed better to lengthening the period of prolonged action of their mixed-ligand complexes on the body of lactating cows. The calves’ live weight at the birth in the 4th experimental group exceeded the indicator of their peers from the control group by 2.3 kg or 8.81%, while the calves obtained from cows of the 2nd experimental group prevailed the control by 1.6 kg, or 6, 13 %, from the 3rd experimental group – by 1.8 kg, or 6.90%, and the 4th experimental group – by 1.7 kg, or 6.51%. The duration of the service period in all experimental groups of cows was within the recommended norms and was 87.8 days in the control group, and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups, respectively 84.7 days, 82.2; 80.6 and 83.5 days, respectively, and there was less in control by 3.1–7.1 days or 3.3–8.2%. The insemination index in the cows’ control group was 1.5, and in the experimental one – 1.2–1.4, which is 6.7–20.0% less.

FEED CONSUMPTION, REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS, RUMEN METABOLISM, DIGESTIVENESS AND NITROGEN BALANCE IN HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE COWS IN THE SECOND PERIOD OF LACTATION FOR THE FERTILIZATION OF MIXED- LIGAND ZINC, MANGANESE AND COBALT COMPLEXES

The presented indicators of feed consumption, reproduction, scar fluid, digestibility of nutrients and average daily balance of Nitrogen in highly productive cows of Holstein, Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed and Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy breeds in the second period of lactation by feeding them different doses of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt.
 Consumption of feed mixture by experimental animals ranged from 46.2 kg to 52.2 kg. It was best consumed by cows of the 5th experimental group, in the feed mixture of which the concentration of trace elements in 1 kg of DM was: Zinc – 35 mg, Manganese – 35, Cobalt – 0.4, Selenium – 0.3, Copper – 10 mg and Iodine – 0.9 mg. It is set up that the use of different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt reduces the duration of the service period in cows compared with its average value for the herd, which is 145.6 days.
 In the rumen fluid of experimental cows, the pH value was increasing in the alkaline direction and the difference to the control group was statistically significant. It also decreased the content of total nitrogen compared to control, which indicates its better absorption into the blood. At the same time, the content of protein and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid of experimental cows was significantly reduced. The use in the rations of cows in the second 100 days of lactation of different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt did not show a significant influence on the formation of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid, however, there was a tendency to increase them at lower concentrations of these trace elements.
 Cows of the experimental groups better digested dry and organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and NFES. The recommended and accepted norms of the dose of microelements used in the control group did not show the highest influence on the coefficients of digestibility of nutrients in feed mixtures compared with their lower doses in the experimental groups.
 It was found that the increase in the transformation of Nitrogen into the milk protein of cows of the experimental groups was contributed by better digestibility and less excretion of Nitrogen in the urine, which is one of the main factors in increasing their milk productivity.
 The elimination of zinc, manganese and cobalt deficiency in the ration of high-yielding cows due to lower doses of their mixed-ligand complexes has a positive influence on the digestibility of nutrients in the ration, nitrogen metabolism and productivity of animals.

Influence of mixed-liganding complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in feeding highly productive cows in the early dry period for their dairy productivity in the first 100 days of lactation and reproductive functions

A number of scientific publications on the influence of microelements on the vital activity of cows, the level of milk productivity and reproductive function are analyzed. The article presents the results of research on the study of different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in the feeding of cows in the dry season for their future milk productivity and reproductive functions. The research was carried out in the conditions of “Terezine”, Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region, on highly productive cows of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed. It was found that the elimination of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt deficiency in the diets of cows in the dry season due to different doses of their mixed-ligand complexes had a positive effect on further milk productivity. In terms of gross milk yield of natural milk for milk of 4 % fat content, the difference in this indicator between the cows of the 2nd experimental group and control was 195.9 kg, or 5.52 % (P < 0.01), the 3rd experimental – 220.4 kg, or 6.21 % (P < 0.001), the 4th experimental – 242.0 kg, or 6.82 % (P < 0.001) and the 5th experimental group and control – 116.3 kg, or 3.28 %. Different concentrations of mixed-ligand complexes of the studied micronutrients in the diets of dry and lactating cows differently affected their reproductive functions. One fertile insemination of each cow in the 1st control group required 2.8 inseminations, in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups – 2.1; 1.9; 1.7 and 2.3 fertilization, which is 75.0 according to the control; 67.9; 60.7 and 82.1 %. Lower levels of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt led to positive dynamics in the physiological state of cows, stimulated their hunting and provided normal conditions for the processes of fertilization and embryo development in cows. The best effect on the milk productivity of cows and their reproductive functions had the following levels of trace elements in 1 kg of SR feed, mg: Zinc – 30; Manganese – 30; Cobalt – 0.38; Selenium – 0.3; Copper – 9 and Iodine – 0.7. This concentration of trace elements was achieved due to their mixed-ligand complexes, and Copper – its sulfate, Iodine – potassium iodide, and Selenium – selenium Suplex.

THE INDICES OF MILK QUALITY, REPRODUCTION, BLOOD AND RUMEN LIQUID IN HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE COWS IN THE FIRST PERIOD OF LACTATION FOR FEEDING OF MIXED-LIGANDE COMPLEXES OF ZINC, MANGANESE AND COBALT

The article presents data on milk productivity, reproductive function and chemical composition of milk, as well as hematological parameters of blood and rumen liquid in high-yielding Holstein cows of German selection, Ukrainian black-spotted dairy and Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breeds in the first lactation period for feeding them different doses of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt.
 It is established that the use of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in the feed mixture in comparison with their sulfates has a positive effect on milk productivity and reproductive function of cows and the chemical composition of their milk, and feed costs decrease with increasing productivity.
 The use of different forms and levels of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in the diets of experimental cows affected protein and carbohydrate-fat metabolism and the best results were obtained when using different levels of these trace elements in the feed due to their mixed-ligand complexes.
 In the rumen liquid of experimental cows, the pH value increased in the alkaline direction and the difference to the control group was statistically significant. There was also a tendency to increase residual nitrogen compared to control. There was a significant difference in the reduction of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen liquid of cows of experimental groups, which indicates better use and assimilation of crude protein.
 The best indicators of milk productivity, chemical composition of milk, reproductive function, blood and rumen liquid were obtained when using mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in the feed mixture when the concentration of these trace elements in 1 kg of DM was, mg: Zinc – 60.8; Manganese – 60.8; Cobalt – 0.78; Selenium – 0.3; Copper – 12 and Iodine – 1.1. This concentration of trace elements was achieved due to their mixed-ligandent complexes, copper – its sulfate, iodine – potassium iodide, selenium – selenium suplex.

Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation studies of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with gly-o-andn or gly-p-andn as primary ligand and N, N' donors as secondary ligand

Metal complexes with heterocyclic Schiff bases are of substantial curiosity for the chemists. Ligand modifications are easily accessible due to preparative simplicity, structural variability and tunable electronic properties. Hetero atoms like N and O when incorporated in Schiff bases play a key role at binding sites in metallobiomolecules Transition metals form an integral part of biological system and their mixed ligand complexes with Schiff bases have established their remarkable application in biocidal fields as antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory and as anticancerous agents. Keeping in mind their marked biological activity, this work reports the synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand complexes of zinc and copper with Schiff base (obtained by the condensation of glyoxal with ortho and para anisidine) as primary and N, N’ donor molecules as secondary ligands.

Digestibility of fodder and Nitrogen metabolism in highly productive cows in the first lactation period when fed mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt

Digestibility of fodder and Nitrogen metabolism in highly productive cows in the first lactation period when fed mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt

New ternary complexes of zinc ions with glycine and histidine in solution

Mixed-ligand complexes of zinc with glycine (Gly) and histidine (His) have been studied in an aqueous solution at 298.15 K and I = 0.5 (KNO3) using calorimetric and pH-metric data. The thermodynamic parameters of formation of various mixed complexes have been determined. The probable coordination modes of amino acid residues in mixed-ligand complexes have been discussed.

Обмін Цинку у високопродуктивних корів за згодовування змішано-лігандних комплексів Цинку, Мангану і Кобальту

Обмін Цинку у високопродуктивних корів за згодовування змішано-лігандних комплексів Цинку, Мангану і Кобальту

Synthesis and characterization of zinc-silibinin complexes: A potential bioactive compound with angiogenic, and antibacterial activity for bone tissue engineering.

Zinc silibinin complex [Zn(sil)(H2O)2] and mixed ligand zinc complexes such as Zn(silibinin)(phenanthroline) [Zn(sil)(phen)], and Zn(silibinin)(neocuproine) [Zn(sil)(neo)] have been synthesized and characterized. The UV-vis spectra of the Zn(II) complexes showed a considerable shift in the intra-ligand transition. From the IR spectra, it is clear that carbonyl group in the C-ring is involved in the metal chelation besides A/C-ring hydroxyl group. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed that [Zn(sil)(neo)] has higher thermal stability compared to the other two Zn(II) complexes. The potential biological activities of the synthesized complexes were studied systematically. In osteoblast differentiation, silibinin and Zn-silibinin complexes enhanced osteoblast differentiation at the cellular level by increasing calcium deposition and ALP activity, and at molecular level increased osteoblast markers include Runx2, type 1 col, ALP and OC mRNAs expression. Additionally, Zn-silibinin complexes showed promising effects on osteoblast differentiation by regulating miR-590/Smad7 signaling pathway. Among the complexes, Zn(sil)(phen) showed more stimulatory effect on osteoblastic differentiation. These complexes also exhibited angiogenic property by increasing VEGF and Ang 1 expression in mouse MSCs and antibacterial activity against E. coli (Gram-negative) and S. aureus (Gram-positive) strains. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the Zn-silibinin complexes exhibit great potential as a pharmacological agent for bone tissue engineering.

Mixed-ligand complexes of zinc(II) with 1,1-dicyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate and N-donor ligands: A combined experimental and theoretical study

The fascinating structural chemistry of zinc(II) with 1,1-dicyanoethylene- 2,2-dithiolate [i-MNT2- = {S2C:C(CN)2}2-] ligand is presented. To elaborate, the reactivity of zinc(II) salt towards potassium salt of 1,1-dicyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate (K2i-MNT) and 1,3-diaminopropane (dap) was studied in the presence of two distinct N-donor ligands, α-picoline (2-Methylpyridine) and γ-picoline (4-Methylpyridine), respectively. As a result, two different Zn(II) coordination complexes of formule [Zn2(dap)2(i-MNT)2] (1) and {[Zn(dap)(i-MNT)(4-MePy)]·2H2O}n (2) were obtained. They were isolated as stable crystalline solids and fully characterized, including by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 is a discrete 0D dimer, whereas 2 is a 1D coordination polymer. Although α-picoline was used during the synthesis of 1, it is not involved in the metal coordination. Aiming at rationalizing the influence of the different noncovalent interactions, such as H-bonding, unconventional NH···π and anion–π, on the crystal packing of 1 and 2, DFT calculations (M06-2X/def2-TZVP) were performed. Moreover, luminescence property of the complex 2 was investigated. Finally, in vitro antifungal activity of complex 2 was also screened against five fungi viz. Synchitrium endobioticum, Pyricularia oryzae, Helminthosporium oryzae, Candida albicans (ATCC10231) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes by the disc diffusion method and found to be effective when compared to K2i-MNT.H2O.

Екологічні аспекти обміну Мангану у високопродуктивних корів у перші 100 днів лактації за згодовування їм змішанолігандних комплексів Цинку, Мангану і Кобальту

<p><span lang="EN-US">To realize the genetic potential of animals, an important role should be taken to prevent the presence of mineral substances in the rations. Because of their lack of revenue in the body of animals the productivity is decreased, the reproductive function is disturbed, there is a disease. there are diseases.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-US">Material for the scientific and economic experiment on the use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt on the milk productivity of high-yielding cows and the exchange of Mangan in their body were Holstein animals, Ukrainian Black- Spotted dairy and Ukrainian Red - Spotted dairy breeds. The trace elements were introduced into feed concentrates, and they into the fodder mix by the method of weight dosing and multi-stage mixing. Balancing of rations of highly productive cows of the 1st control group to norm only Selenium, Kuprum and Iodine, led to a concentration in 1 kg DM (dry matter) of feed mix, mg: Zinc – 32.4; Manganese – 27.8; Cobalt – 0.27; Selenium – 0.3; Copper – 12 and Iodine – 1.1 and the lowest concentration of Mangan in milk and in the body. The cows of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups were fed with all the trace elements to the norm (for the 2nd experimental group at the expense of zinc sulfates, manganese, cobalt, copper, selenium, Suplex of Selenium and potassium iodide, for the 3rd instead of zinc sulfates, manganese and mixed cobalt compounds were introduced into their ligand complexes). The concentration of trace elements in these groups in 1 kg of DM was, mg: Zinc – 76; Manganese – 76; Cobalt – 0,97; Copper – 12; Selenium – 0.3 and Iodine – 1.1. The concentration of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in 1 kg of DM of fodder was reduced by 20% for cows of the 4th experimental group and by 30% for the 5th experimental group.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-US">The results of the conducted searches indicate that the use in feeding of high-yielding cows of various doses of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt on the use of Suplex of Selenium and sulfate copper and potassium iodide in the first 100- days lactation positively affect the growth of their milk production. Animals of experimental groups dominated cows of analogues of the control group, rations of which were scarce on Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt, by average daily yield of natural milk, respectively, by 4.5; 5.8 and 4.0 kg, or 11.63: 14.99 and 10.34%, and these differences were reliable. While the average daily milk yield of cows of the 2nd experimental group exceeded the average daily yield of the 1st control group by 3.8 kg or by 9.82%. In milk of experimental cows, a single increase in the fat content of 0.01–0.09% was also noted. </span></p><p><span lang="EN-US">Carrying out balance research confirmed the data of milk productivity. Thus, in the body of cows of the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups, more Manganese were deposited, respectively by: 540.7; 531.5, and 394.5 mg compared to control and by 367.1, 357.9, and 220.9 mg – in comparison with the 2nd experimental group; in experimental cows of groups 4 and 5, the manganese was deposited less by 9.2 and 146.2 mg in comparison with the 3rd experimental group. With milk in cows of the 1st control group during the day was allocated 20.8 mg of Manganese, and in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups it was allocated more, respectively by 6.7, 9.8, 15.4, and 10.6 mg. Manganese fecal excretion was less in comparison with the 2nd experimental group, in the cows of the 3rd experimental group it was less by 365.9 mg, in the 4<sup>th</sup> group – by 623.3 mg, and in the 5<sup>th</sup> group – by 691.4 mg.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-US">The use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt enhances the milk productivity of high-yielding cows, reduces their need for these elements, improves their digestion and reduces their excretion with feces.</span></p>