Mixed Economic System Research Articles

Government policy innovation in spurring nascent entrepreneurship during pandemic

In mixed economic systems, government policies are essential for addressing market failures and economic challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has had notable impacts on nascent entrepreneurship. To assess government policy effects on nascent enterprise growth, we analyzed data from 39 Asia-Pacific countries using a Panel Quantile Regression via Moments (MM-QR) approach, covering 2006–2020. Our findings indicate that nascent enterprises generally respond positively to policies promoting entrepreneurship, but that special government measures during the pandemic had an inconclusive impact. Our analysis identifies credit market deepening as a crucial factor for promoting nascent enterprises. Thus, policymakers should focus on expanding credit market access to support nascent enterprise growth. This study offers key policy insights for promoting entrepreneurship in mixed economic systems.

Investigating The Leddo, Jayanti and Duan (2019) Revised Prospect Theory Value Function in Argentina

Prospect Theory (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979) is a highly influential theory that predicts decision making when people are confronted with choices involving gains or losses with different degrees of uncertainty. Prospect Theory argues that people are generally risk averse when it comes to seeking gains and risk seeking when it comes to avoiding losses. Leddo et al. (2019) noted that the original formulation of Prospect Theory did not take into account people’s goals. They argued that people would be willing to take risks to achieve goals but become more risk averse once those goals are achieved, and they would become risk averse when confronted with losses in order to avoid a highly negative outcome but become more risk seeking to negate the negative outcome once that outcome occurred. Leddo et al.’s research confirmed this hypothesis, leading to a revision of Prospect Theory’s value function. The present research investigates whether the same revised value function can predict decisions made by people in other cultures. Accordingly, the present paper investigates whether the Leddo et al. (2019) findings will hold up with people from Argentina, a high-income country with a mixed economic system. In the present study 82 Argentine residents from the ages 15-75 were given scenarios involving sports decisions involving gains or losses above or below defined aspiration and avoidance levels (four scenarios in total with an average of 17 participants per scenario). Results showed that participants demonstrated the same frequency of risk-seeking behaviors for decisions involving losses than those involving gains, inconsistent with the original Kahneman and Tversky (1979) framework and consistent with the revised Leddo et al. (2019) framework. Additionally, participants showed more risk seeking behaviors for decisions involving outcomes below the avoidance and aspiration levels than for decisions involving outcomes above the avoidance and aspiration levels, consistent with the revised Leddo et al. (2019) framework. This held up individually for both gains and losses.

An analysis of the abolition of premium motor spirit (PMS) subsidies in Nigeria: a breach of social contract or climate change action?

The study examines the payment of fossil fuel subsidies made in Nigeria on petrol, with an analysis of the laws governing its payments. It explores the reasons for the removal of the petrol subsidy and examines the merits advocated by proponents of its elimination. Additionally, it investigates the diverse pricing methods employed for petroleum products. Employing a doctrinal legal research methodology, the article relies on the existing primary and secondary sources of laws to provide insights for the reforms. The study concludes with recommendations such as the implementation of a mixed economic system, reinforcement of trade laws, consumer protection and competition laws, improvement of transparency and accountability, promotion of investments in local refineries, adoption of cleaner alternative energy sources such as renewable energy sources by adopting the global energy transition agenda, and provision of palliatives. The findings unravel the complexities surrounding petrol subsidy payments which have occasioned corruption, rent-seeking activities and insufficient utilization of clean sources of energy. A significant gap exists in Nigeria’s energy sector compared to the selected case study countries. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders. The recommendations promote transparency, and accountability and will facilitate the necessary reforms for sustainable downstream petroleum industry and global energy security.

INFLATION IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY AND THE INFLUENCE OF AN EXTERNAL FACTOR: FEATURES, PATTERNS

According to economic theory and practice, for decades, inflation as a process and phenomenon has been immanent in any market and/or mixed economic system. Being one of the forms of expression of macroeconomic instability, inflation reflects the state of "health" of the national economy. The study of its features and modern patterns, as well as country-specific aspects in order to reduce the negative consequences of cyclical fluctuations, is extremely actualized in conditions of the level of international instability that is currently observed and, of course, exerts its pressure on the situation in the Russian Federation. The article examines the dynamics, factors, features and patterns of inflationary processes in the Russian Federation over the past 5 years, since, according to the author, they are largely related to the sanctions pressure that the national economy cannot but feel since 2014. The article shows the fundamental and growing role of the leading countries of the world economy, primarily the Group of Seven, in global inflationary processes. These States, as follows from the study, have failed to adjust their national regulatory systems to new phenomena in the world. Thus, the BRICS countries have much more stable economic systems, as well as transform national monetary policy instruments and use more modern methods. At the same time, despite the record number of external economic sanctions, the Russian economy can be characterized as quite successful and stable, although it retains a number of problems, including internal ones, the most important tool for solving which is import substitution. Based on the data from the international database of UNCTAD, a comparative analysis of the dynamics of inflation in the Russian Federation and in other countries of the world with the global situation as a whole was carried out.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ РЫНОЧНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

This article analyzes the interaction between the state and private entrepreneurs in the context of mixed economic systems. The functions of the state to create equal conditions in the market, counteract negative phenomena and regulate in conditions of rising inflation are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the social responsibility of entrepreneurs and their cooperation with the state in providing public goods. The measures taken by the state to ensure the effective functioning of the economy and social justice are analyzed.

Does the Effectiveness of Budget Deficit Vary between Welfare and Non-Welfare Countries?

Government intervention is imperative in the mixed economic system due to market failures, imperfection, pure public goods, and economic externalities. To this end, we measure the comparative impact of budget deficits on economic growth, incorporating the moderating role of quality of governance (QOG) for welfare and non-welfare countries. We apply a newly developed econometric model, namely Panel Quantile Regression via Moment Conditions, considering the scale and location effect due to high heterogeneity in our panel time series data over 1990–2020. Our empirical investigation shows that the budget deficit promotes economic growth sustainability in the overall sample countries. The comparative analysis confirms that budget deficit promotes economic growth for welfare countries while it impends for non-welfare countries. Furthermore, QOG augments sustainable economic growth in different economic circumstances in welfare countries and non-welfare countries. Finally, the results also demonstrate that the QOG plays a supportive role in the nexus between budget deficit and economic growth in the full sample countries. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of the budget deficit varies across welfare and non-welfare countries. In general, QOG promotes economic growth, but its stringent rules and restrictions somewhat slow down the wheel of the growth process. We provide several policy implications.

Economic Problems In Indonesia And Efforts To Solve Them

Economic problems are one of the problems that arise today in our beloved country. Thus causing a hampering of economic growth. Therefore, the role of the government is very large, where the government is given the widest authority to manage its own government, including economic development based on potential wealth. To carry out this task, the government must play an active role in economic development. The method used in this study is a Qualitative approach. and the type of research is Descriptive. That is to describe the present reality. The results of this study show that the problems faced by the State of Indonesia include: Low economic growth in Indonesia, poverty, unemployment, income gap, foreign debt, budget deficit, industrial incompetence, inability to manage human resources, lack of mastery of science and technology, corruption, food crisis and centralized development. Efforts to overcome economic problems in Indonesia are by means of traditional economic systems, centralized economic systems, market economic systems, mixed economic systems and the implementation of national economic recovery programs by the government.

Chinese Feelings based on the Background of China's Three-year anti-epidemic Management

The prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic vividly reflects the four distinctive characteristics of China's governance, namely centralization, coordination, sustainability and efficiency. From the perspective of institutional analysis, China's governance advantages may be mainly attributed to three important institutions: one is the mixed economic system in which the main resources are owned by the state and the production process is subject to market competition; the other is the political system in which the Communist Party of China exercises overall leadership over state affairs system; the third is the state structure system with unitary system as the main body and centralized administrative system. Based on the background of China's management behavior in the past three years of anti-epidemic, this article describes the view of Chinese feelings under the wisdom of Chinese management in the past three years of anti-epidemic.

ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL OF BELARUS CITIZENS LIVING IN AREAS CONTAMINATED BY RADIONUCLIDES

This article analyzes the strategies in entrepreneurship of the citizens of the Republic of Belarus who currently live in the areas that were affected by the Chernobyl disaster. The empirical base consists of the results from the scientific research “To carry out a socio­logical assessment of the entrepreneurial potential of the territories affected by the Chernobyl disaster within the framework of the event ‘To conduct a sociological assessment of the factors, mechanisms and conditions of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the territories affected by the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant’” of the State Program for elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl disaster for 2021-2025 (No. GR 20213172). Object of the present research is the adult (aged 16-59 years) population of the Republic of Belarus who lives in the areas affected by the Chernobyl disaster. Subject of the research is entrepreneurial activity of different socio-demographic and territorial groups of the population of the areas affected by the Chernobyl disaster as well as their evaluation of the conditions for small and medium-sized business development. The research resulted in identifying the hybrid nature of socio-economic systems of the regions under study as the employment structure combines market and non-market preferences and motivations with a slight prevalence of market ones. On the one hand, in a present competitive environment mixed economic systems that combine market and non-market structures have a greater chance of success. On the other hand, in such systems a strategic value is assigned to the need for strengthening of moral structures of a personality which allow to maintain balance between material and spiritual aspects of life. After all, the preponderance of material aspects leads to consumer sentiments that are difficult to satisfy. As a consequence, it results in the decline of fertility rates, environmental issues, and the increase of social tensions.

GREEN ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH

The subject of this study is the principles, factors and features of the green economy as a complex multicomponent system. It was important to clarify the ontology of the term “development” and to propose a methodology for filling the meaning of this term with a specific scientific approach, which consisted in identifying factors that shape directed, natural (regular) and inevitable changes as mandatory elements of development in the philosophical sense of the latter. The article analyzes different approaches to the definition of green economy, which gave the authors a reason to propose their own perception of the green economy as a socio-eco-economic system, which should be simultaneous under directed, natural (regular) and inevitable changes to ensure its development. The authors dwelled on the characteristics of each of the three mandatory changes. Directed changes in the green economy as a system were considered through the prism of seventeen goals of sustainable development (defining those for which the green economy “works” directly), which form new requirements for key components of the economic system: production, exchange, distribution and consumption. Regular changes are characterized as those that correspond or do not contradict the basic economic laws of the post-industrial era and form the ecological basis for the competitiveness of the economy. Irreversibility of change is defined as justified regulatory measures of strict environmental and economic policy, based on the methodological, proven by scientists, the principle of regulation in a mixed economic system and the abandonment of free market mechanisms (which “does not work” to achieve sustainable development). The authors have proposed a system-hierarchical approach to ensuring intermediate principles of green economy development as a system (direction, regularity and irreversibility of changes) and their integral effect on the quality of sustainable development of the social system as a whole. Further directions of research of system principles of development of green economy have been defined as well.

An Imagined Past?

Nomads, or highly specialized mobile pastoralists, are prominent features in Central Asian archaeology, and they are often depicted in direct conflict with neighboring sedentary peoples. However, new archaeological findings are showing that the people who many scholars have called nomads engaged in a mixed economic system of farming and herding. Additionally, not all of these peoples were as mobile as previously assumed, and current data suggest that a portion of these purported mobile populations remained sedentary for much or all of the year, with localized ecological factors directing economic choices. In this article, we pull together nine complementary lines of evidence from the second through the first millennia BC to illustrate that in eastern Central Asia, a complex economy existed. While many scholars working in Eurasian archaeology now acknowledge how dynamic paleoeconomies were, broader arguments are still tied into assumptions regarding specialized economies. The formation of empires or polities, changes in social orders, greater political hierarchy, craft specialization—notably, advanced metallurgy—mobility and migration, social relations, and exchange have all been central to the often circular arguments made concerning so-called nomads in ancient Central Asia. The new interpretations of mixed and complex economies more effectively situate Central Asia into a broader global study of food production and social complexity.

The resistance in management accounting practices towards a neoliberal economy

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the resistance in management accounting practices (MAPs) in a developing economy in the manufacturing and service sectors in Vietnam.Design/methodology/approachData collection was carried out using survey questionnaires in Vietnamese language. The questionnaires were distributed to selected respondents from the manufacturing and service organisations in Vietnam. Textual structuralism was used to analyse different categories of data, i.e. survey questionnaires, photos and qualitative texts obtained from the literature.FindingsThe findings indicate that the usage of MAPs is more prevalent in the manufacturing sector than in the service sector. In addition, various traditional and contemporary MAPs are being used concurrently in Vietnam, which challenges the classical twofold dichotomy between mere socialism and mere neoliberalism.Research limitations/implicationsThe textual and photographic structuralism is used in this study to analyse primary data (geography and society and time) in a static setting. Hence, it does not analyse the research phenomena in a dynamic equilibrium setting to view the development of the research phenomena over time. Further research could expand data collection to include longitudinal and dynamic settings.Practical implicationsMAPs can be implemented in economic systems ranging from command to capitalist systems. Although most countries in the world follow a mixed economic system, specific MAPs could be designed for a transitional economic system such as that of Vietnam. This affects both theorists and practitioners in Vietnam applying sustainable MAPs to boost a country's competitiveness during transition.Originality/valueThis study expands understanding of the conformity of MAPs in relation to economic systems under the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) – the ruling party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Understanding the differences in the way these MAPs are utilised constitutes an essential area of the accounting discipline to advance MAPs in Vietnamese enterprises and progress theoretical development of sustainable MAPs.

Implementation of market methods of price forming in the field of power industry with the application of the consolidated balance-market model of economic systems

Object. The power industry of Russia is being developing with the use of its natural resources, advanced ideas, implementation of existing opportunities. So, the key task of the energy strategy of Russia till 2035 is the transfer from the commodity-heavy to the resource-innovative development of both the power industry and the economics of the country. All conditions have been created for its solution as of now – the power industry is expected to increase by 20-25% if demand for the hydrocarbon raw materials falls on the immediate horizon.In this juncture such branch as the power industry seems to be a crutial and sophisticated object of the research on the dynamics of economic systems infrastructural transformations. Anyway, its implementation in the field of the power industry involved quasi-market mechanisms of the preservation of existing ones and the building of new non-competitive powers with the use of such mechanisms as “adhesion contract” and “marginal price forming”.The work shows the inhibiting impact of these mechanisms on the economic system. The offer for its replacement to increase the pace of the power industry development and of the Russian economics substantiates. The research purpose is to substantiate the application of the consolidated balance-market model of economic systems for the analysis of the dynamics of the development of the technologically heterogenic branch, interacting with the other economic system, provided Leontief correlations. The power industry was selected as the studied one. Peculiarities of the reforming of power price rates, combining both market and regulating (quasi-market) mechanisms, were considered. Methods. The random balance-market model became the methodologic basis for mixed economic systems in the option of the self-consistent field of Leontief matrices. It make it possible to solve practical issues of the development of most important multi-agent branches in its interaction with the other economic system. In the work this model is applied in the quasitensor form for the evaluation of mixed mechanisms of the regulation of price rates in the power industry. Results. It was revealed that the common use of such mechanisms as “marginal price forming” and “adhesion contracts” fully suppresses the economic growth in all branches of economics. In order to find the way out was offered the consolidated random model of mixed economic systems in the quasitensor form. Its application will make it possible to obtain the new distribution of the capital by goods and agents with the better use of its technical advantages with such level of power rates. Conclusions. The possibility of the subtle analysis of the dynamics of the specialization and localization of agents was shown for the following development of distributed centralized energoinformational systems in the Russian Federation. It is expedient to use offered approach and developed algorithms of modeling for the evaluation of the accelerated economic growth of other key branches of the Russian economics.

Dynamic Economic Transition of Bangladesh in the Philosophy of Karl Marx: A Searching Analysis

This article holistically attempts to evaluate the economic environment of Bangladesh in a dynamic way and endeavor to forecast the risks and challenges and way out from its socio-economic anomalies in near future. For analysis and investigation, primarily the secondary data sources are used for reaching the critical juncture. It is historically evident that Bangladesh has been faced with diverse economic and political doctrines since its inception. The volatility and uncertainty of its socio-economic philosophy made Bangladesh suffer a lot. It is observed that the socialistic economic system with the democratic rule was preceded by a mixed economic system with autocracy and ultimately capitalistic economic system with so called democratic rule in Bangladesh. The present capitalistic nature of Bangladesh's economy has both positive and negative flanks. Globalization, international trade, economic growth and creation of wealth can be marked as the commendable part. On the contrary, economic inefficiency, inequality, the emergence of the proletariat and capitalistic class, presence of exploitation, mismanagement and incompatibility of various policies, incredible and non-transparent financial sector are the challenging part. The most frightening fact is that vulnerability and fragility, absorbing and tackling incapability of both internal and external economic shocks by Bangladesh economy signal the weakest side of capitalism of the country. Here, the entire analysis based on the perspective of Bangladesh can be regarded as its limitation. Last but not the least, it concluded that only a proper and timely thoughtful action with an impeccably structured economy may find the escape of such dangers. To end, this paper concludes with possible policy recommendations. Keywords: Economic Systems, Karl Marx, Bangladesh and its Economic Transition, Class Conflict and Final Crisis of Capitalism in Bangladesh. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-16-07 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

STATE AS THE MAIN INSTITUTIONAL AND STRATEGIC SUBJECT OF ELABORATION AND IMPLEMENTATIONOF THE INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Topicality. The effect of modern globalization processes leading to escalating competition make it actual and necessary to learn historical studies of implementing reforms worldwide and the role of the state in the process of institutional transformation provided by highly developed countries of the world. Therefore, the present day the key issue of Ukraine resolving which has the theoretical and practical importance is the issue of the institutional modernization with defining the role and placing of the state on course of implementing and supporting the innovative and sustainable development. Aim and tasks: to prove, on the basis of learning the historical studies of implementing reforms worldwide and the role of the state in the process of institutional transformation, that at the present stage of human development it is the state that is in a role of the main institutional strategic subject of the innovative and sustainable development strategy that has the practical importance for defining the direction of the further social and economic transformation in Ukraine. Research results. The article is focused on that the market system in its classical form is past the point of the historical development. Gradually, in view of objective reasons, the placing and functions of the state have been changing in the direction of consolidation of its role, direct dealing with resolving fateful issues. Nowadays in successful and developed countries it is the main institutional and strategic subject of mixed economic system, one of its organization components. The overview of historical experience of the reform implement in countries that have achieved substantial gains proves that these gains are connected with the institutional reformations with the state being in the heart of them. On the other hand, dogmatical proclamation of private property privileges under any circumstances and at the same time the removal of the state from resolving fateful issues, the glamorization of the market of Ukraine and as a result � system error while choosing and implementing the model of economic development, have led to the formation of oligarchic capitalism with the objective traits peculiar to it. Therefore, the present day the issue must be not the reforms modernization and intensification but the change of their rates, the economy management philosophy in general. Conclusion. The research that had been made gave an opportunity to substantiate the attitude of the authors being that without the complex system support of the real sector of economy with the focus on innovation, without consolidation of state property and its institutes including those on the backs of reprivatizing the strategically important enterprises as the fundamental principle of the future economy of Ukraine the fateful issues would be impossible to resolve.

On the Structure of Modern Economy

A study of three economic systems: a free market, a planned economy and a mixed economic system was carried out. The types of economies of the most developed countries were determined as a mixed type of economy. This type of system is more stable, since it contains the stabi­lity of a planned economy and the efficiency of a market economy. The authors base their research on the scientists’ opinion that the ratio of the economic activity of the state and the large business as a planned core of the economy and the market sector, which is represented by small and medium businesses, is a determining factor in achieving positive dynamics. Thus, it becomes necessary to identify the optimal level of this ratio. Since the organization level of developed countries can be considered formed, it is assumed that there are factors contributing to this state. Having identified these factors, we can formulate an effective development strategy for countries. It is assumed that the results of the study can help determine the development strategies of both transiti­onal economies and those that demonstrate poor quality of functioning.

An Analysis of Grey Multiattribute Decision-Making Optimization Concerning Gender and Sustainable Environment

Sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present generation, but does not compromise the satisfaction of future generations’ needs. It emphasizes the concept of needs and constraints. Women’s lack of development is not the result of insufficient involvement in production, but the fact that much of the cost paid by women is ignored and they do not get the rewards and affirmations they deserve. There are also many other factors of uncertainty. Therefore, this study considers that grey multiattribute decision-making refers to when there are factors of uncertain or incomplete information in the process of decision-making, after obtaining the actual decision-making combination effect by calculating the effect of the combination of all possible decision-making elements to select a scheme according to the decision matrix. The research results show that a mixed economic system is the best scheme for women’s economic security. Developing a gender and sustainable environment can be optimized by actively creating new friendly workplace practices, including designing flexible working hours and working environments, promoting multiple vacation schemes, assisting employees in their career development, and providing family care and support services.

An Analysis Of Identifying The Business Opportunity In Agro-Chemical Sector - With Special Reference To African Country Uganda

Globalization makes the world small through information technology, increases connectivity, and creates a platform for domestic market to reach Uganda is an Eastern African landlocked country which located in those boundaries the countries of Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, globally. Globalization is important way to expand our and Tanzania. The land is mostly upland with an edge of business. India as a developing economy has an all time mountains and a south eastern border on Lake Victoria. opportunity to expand its growth in economy and business by moving ahead in the areas of Exports.In alI The Ugandan shilling is the ofnicial curreney used in Uganda. Exchange rate for converting Indian Rupee to African countries, Uganda is a third country in the Ugandan Shilling: 1 INR = 55 UGX (approx). The world and the most under developed country which government system is a republic; the chief of state and generates lots of oPportunity for expansion of our head of government is the president. Uganda has a business of Pesticides in Uganda in fom of Exports. mixed economic system in which there is a variety of One of the reason is also thatUganda's agriculture sector private freedom, combined with centralized economic is largely under developed characterized by family planning and government regulation. Uganda is a labour, rudimentary technology, poor crop husbandry, member of the Common Market for Eastern and lack of improved seed, lack of pesticides, lack of Southern Africa (COMESA) and the East African Community (EAC).Uganda depends heavily on fertilizers, lack of technological advancement, and also lack of some chemicals materials. They need to save subsistence agriculture as the main source of livelihood in which about 85% of the population who are rural their crop from insects, pests and some small animals like Rat by use of insecticides (for kill based & contriouting 22.2% of GDP and generating insects),Herbicides (for plants), Rodenticides (for rats 42% of the exports earnings. and mice), Bactericides (for bacteria), Fungicides (for India is a South Asian country which subcontinent is surrounded by three different water bodies. India has fungi), Acaricides (for kills mites and animals), et.So an attempt is made by doing research paper that will emerged as the fastest growing major economy in the showcase the opportunities for developing the business world as per the Central Statistics Organisation (CSO) and grab opportunity to export the product (pesticide) in and International Monetary Fund (IMF) and it is African Countries like Uganda.

Economic Impacts of Craftsman Statue on Community Based Tourism Development

This study examines the "Economic Impact of Craftsmen Statue on Community Base Tourism Development in Tohpati village Klungkung Bali". The core concept of economic problems is the imbalance between unlimited human needs and the means of satisfying the needs of a limited number. Economics should not be emphasized through the point, but it should be emphasized as an approach to explain human behavior (Gary Becker). The economic system is a means used to regulate all economic activities in society whether done by the government or private in order to achieve prosperity and prosperity together. The Economic system can be divided into three namely: a First capitalist economic system that is all economic activity submitted to the market. Second, the communist economic system is all things governed by the government. The third is a mixed economic system that is a combination of the two economic systems above (capitalist and communist). Indonesia should adopt a mixed economic system because firstly, Indonesia is an emerging country, where market failures often occur due to uneven information or accessibility to transportation and communication facilities. The second is that there are still many Indonesian people are below the poverty line. Thirdly most Indonesians have businesses that are still classified into small and medium enterprises that still can not compete perfectly with a bigger business. In addition, in a mixed economic system also required the role of government in overseeing the development of the economy that runs in the country of Indonesia, in order to create prosperity in public life. To implement a mixed economic system it must be applied in a real way in the community environment so that the economic system in a country becomes smooth, balanced, and make more prosperous for all parties involved. Community Base Tourism as a model of tourism development today because community involvement including maintenance is something that must be applied. Tohpati village community adherents of the traditional economy inevitably have to deal with the values ​​of novelty in the global economic order. Economic development that takes place in a country brings impact, both positive and negative. Positive impact: increased foreign exchange earnings, expanding or accelerating business opportunities, increasing national income, increasing tax revenues, expanding employment opportunities, promoting growth in development that has natural potential. Negative impact: land prices skyrocket, in tourism centers expensive food prices, biological resources become damaged, the occurrence of urbanization. The circulation of drugs, prostitution is difficult to monitor.

Economic impacts of craftsman statue on community based tourism development

This study examines the "Economic Impact of Craftsmen Statue on Community Base Tourism Development in Tohpati village Klungkung Bali". The core concept of economic problems is the imbalance between unlimited human needs and the means of satisfying the needs of a limited number. Economics should not be emphasized through the point, but it should be emphasized as an approach to explain human behavior (Gary Becker). The economic system is a means used to regulate all economic activities in society whether done by the government or private in order to achieve prosperity and prosperity together. The Economic system can be divided into three namely: a First capitalist economic system that is all economic activity submitted to the market. Second, the communist economic system is all things governed by the government. The third is a mixed economic system that is a combination of the two economic systems above (capitalist and communist). Indonesia should adopt a mixed economic system because firstly, Indonesia is an emerging country, where market failures often occur due to uneven information or accessibility to transportation and communication facilities. The second is that there are still many Indonesian people are below the poverty line. Thirdly most Indonesians have businesses that are still classified into small and medium enterprises that still can not compete perfectly with a bigger business.