Mitochondrial Genome Size Research Articles

Mitochondrial Genome Analysis of Babesia ovis (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae) Endemic in Sheep in Türkiye

This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Babesia ovis, a significant pathogen in ovine babesiosis in Türkiye. The B. ovis mitochondrial genome is a linear monomeric molecule of 6015 bp with an A + T content of 70.5%, featuring terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) at both ends. It encodes three essential proteins (Cox1, Cox3, and Cob) and six fragments of large subunit rRNA genes. Comparative analysis revealed high sequence identity with Babesia sp. Xinjiang (87.5%) and Babesia sp. Dunhuang (87.5%), suggesting a close evolutionary relationship. The study highlights the conservation of mitochondrial gene content across Babesia and Theileria species, emphasizing their utility in phylogenetic studies. The findings also suggest that TIR variability plays a role in mitochondrial genome size differences, influencing species-specific adaptations. This research provides valuable insights into the evolution and functional adaptations of B. ovis and underscores the potential of mitochondrial genomic data in enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for babesiosis. Further exploration of mitochondrial genomes in Babesia species is essential for understanding their biology and developing effective control measures.

Assembly and comparative analysis of the multichromosomal mitochondrial genome of globally endangered seagrass Halophila beccarii

BackgroundHalophila beccarii is one of the oldest two generations of seagrass plants and one of the 10 species of seagrass currently at risk of extinction worldwide. Therefore, how to effectively protect the H. beccarii resources from extinction is a huge challenge. Molecular biology research can provide a scientific basis for species conservation. So far, there has been no detailed analysis of the mitochondrial genome of the genus Halophila.ResultsThe mitochondrial genome of H. beccarii was assembled into 28 circular chromosomes, ranging in length from 41,738 bp to 104,744 bp, with a total length of 1,964,072 bp and a GC content of 46.71%. It contains 39 genes, including 26 protein coding genes, 10 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. Repeat sequence analysis and prediction of RNA editing sites revealed a total of 850 dispersed repeats, 1,205 simple repeats, 61 tandem repeats, and 120 RNA editing sites. Analysis of codon usage indicates that codons ending in A/U are preferred. Gene migration between the mitochondrial genome and the chloroplast genome was observed through homologous fragment detection. In addition, Ka/Ks analysis showed that most protein coding genes in the mitochondrial genome experienced negative selection, while only the nad3 gene experienced potential positive selection in most Alismatales. Nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed variations in each gene, with rpl10 being the most significant. In addition, comparative analysis shows that the GC content is conserved, but there are significant differences in the size and structure of mitochondrial genomes among different species of Alismatales. The phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial genome reflects the exact evolutionary and taxonomic status of H. beccarii.ConclusionIn this study, we sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genome of H. beccarii, and compared it with the mitochondrial genomes of other plants in Alismatales. Our findings enrich the mitogenome database of seagrass plants and highlight the potential for mitochondrial genes to help decipher plant evolutionary history.

Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Gangetic mystus (Mystus cavasius)

Mystus cavasius, known as Gangetic mystus, is a freshwater indigenous catfish. The present study represents the first-ever complete mitochondrial genome sequencing of M. cavasius. The whole mitochondrial genome size is 16,554 bp (GenBank accession number OR018997). The mitogenome organization consists of total 37 genes, with 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA, 22 tRNAs, and a D-loop regulatory region. Among these, 28 genes are coded on the heavy strand, while eight tRNA genes and ND6 are encoded separately. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that M. cavasius clusters with other Mystus species and bagrid catfishes. This work contributes valuable insights into structural characterization and phylogenetic relationships.

The Highly Repetitive Genome of Myxobolus rasmusseni, an Emerging Myxozoan Parasite of Fathead Minnows.

Myxozoans are a monophyletic taxon of approximately 2,400 described species of parasites from the phylum Cnidaria. The recent focus on their negative impacts on fisheries, on their evolution from free-living ancestors, and on their emergence into new fish host populations has stressed the critical need for genomic resources for this parasitic group. Here, we describe the genome assembly and annotation of Myxobolus rasmusseni, an emerging parasite of fathead minnows in Alberta, Canada. The assembly is 174.6 Mb in size, 68% of which is made up of repetitive elements, making it one of the most repetitive animal genomes sequenced to date. Through comparisons to other myxozoans, we show that widespread gene loss, a known phenomenon of this group of parasites, is consistent with closely related species. Additionally, we assembled the M. rasmusseni mitochondrial genome, which is nearly twice the size of the typical animal mitochondrial genome yet contains only five of the canonical mitochondrial protein-coding genes and open reading frames not found in other myxozoans. These results add to our understanding of the gene- and genome-level diversity observed in myxozoans.

Re-Sequencing the Mitochondrial Genome Unveils a Novel Isomeric Form of NWB CMS Line in Radish and Functional Verification of Its Candidate Sterile Gene

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a globally significant vegetable and relies on cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines for hybrid seed production. The NWB CMS type is favored over Ogura CMS for its ease in maintainer screening. Despite its varied mitochondrial configurations and unvalidated sterile gene, we re-sequenced the mitochondrial genome of NWB CMS Tibet A and verified the function of the sterility gene via genetic transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. The mitochondrial genomes of Tibet A could be assembled into circular DNA molecules, with a mitochondrial genome size of 239,184 bp. Our analysis indicated that the specific orf463a was the CMS-associated gene in Tibet A, sharing sequence consistency with the CMS gene in DCGMS and NWB CMS YB-A. Collinearity analysis showed that the mitochondrial genomes of NWB CMS Tibet A, DCGMS, and NWB CMS YB-A share the same mitotype, with structural variations due to recombination via 9731 bp long repeat sequences and 508 bp short repeat sequences. Driven by the Ap3 promoter, transgenic Arabidopsis with orf463a exhibited male sterility, confirming the gene’s potential role in CMS. In this study, we assembled a new isomeric form of NWB CMS mitochondrial genome and proved the function of the candidate sterile gene.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Kandelia obovata Sheue, H.Y.Liu & J.W.H.Yong (Rhizophoraceae)

Kandelia obovata Sheue, H.Y.Liu & J.W.H.Yong is one of the most cold-resistant true mangrove species, and it is widely distributed from the South China Sea to southern Japan. In the current study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of K. obovata was assembled using Illumina reads. It is the first mitochondrial genome of the Kandelia genus within the family Rhizophoraceae to be sequenced. The mitochondrial genome size is 312,146 bp with a total of 49 predicted genes, including 29 protein-coding genes, 17 transfer RNA genes, and 3 ribosomal RNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 41.87%. A phylogenetic tree constructed using nine complete mitochondrial genomes revealed that K. obovata is more closely related to Bruguiera species. This study enriches the plastid genome of Kandelia, furnishing valuable genetic insights for the investigation of evolutionary and population genetics in Kandelia and other mangrove species.

Comparative mitogenomic analysis of three bugs of the genus Hygia Uhler, 1861 (Hemiptera, Coreidae) and their phylogenetic position.

Hygia Uhler, 1861 is the largest genus in the bug family Coreidae. Even though many species of this genus are economically important, the complete mitogenomes of Hygia species have not yet been reported. Therefore, in the present study, the complete mitogenomes of three Hygia species, H.lativentris (Motschulsky, 1866), H.bidentata Ren, 1987, and H.opaca (Uhler, 1860), are sequenced and characterized, and submitted in a phylogenetic analysis of the Coreidae. The results show that mitogenomes of the three species are highly conserved, typically with 37 genes plus its control region. The lengths are 16,313 bp, 17,023 bp, and 17,022 bp, respectively. Most protein-coding genes (PCGs) in all species start with the standard codon ATN and terminate with one of three stop codons: TAA, TAG, or T. The tRNAs secondary structures of all species have a typical clover structure, except for the trnS1 (AGC) in H.bidentata, which lacks dihydrouridine (DHU) arm that forms a simple loop. Variation in the length of the control region led to differences in mitochondrial genome sizes. The maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian-inference (BI) phylogenetic analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Hygia and its position within Coreidae, and the relationships are ((H.bidentata + (H.opaca + (H.lativentris + Hygia sp.))). The results provide further understanding for future phylogenetic studies of Coreidae.

The mitogenomes of Leptographium aureum, Leptographium sp., and Grosmannia fruticeta: expansion by introns.

Many members of the Ophiostomatales are of economic importance as they are bark-beetle associates and causative agents for blue stain on timber and in some instances contribute towards tree mortality. The taxonomy of these fungi has been challenging due to the convergent evolution of many traits associated with insect dispersal and a limited number of morphological characters that happen to be highly pleomorphic. This study examines the mitochondrial genomes for three members of Leptographium sensu lato [Leptographium aureum (also known as Grosmannia aurea), Grosmannia fruticeta (also known as Leptographium fruticetum), and Leptographium sp. WIN(M)1376)]. Illumina sequencing combined with gene and intron annotations and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Sequence analysis showed that gene content and gene synteny are conserved but mitochondrial genome sizes were variable: G. fruticeta at 63,821 bp, Leptographium sp. WIN(M)1376 at 81,823 bp and L. aureum at 104,547 bp. The variation in size is due to the number of introns and intron-associated open reading frames. Phylogenetic analysis of currently available mitochondrial genomes for members of the Ophiostomatales supports currently accepted generic arrangements within this order and specifically supports the separation of members with Leptographium-like conidiophores into two genera, with L. aureum grouping with Leptographium and G. fruticeta aligning with Grosmannia. Mitochondrial genomes are promising sequences for resolving evolutionary relationships within the Ophiostomatales.

Mitochondrial genome comparison reveals the evolution of cnidarians.

Cnidarians are the most primitive metazoans, but their evolutionary relationships are poorly understood, although recent studies present several phylogenetic hypotheses. Here, we collected 266 complete cnidarian mitochondrial genomes and re-evaluated the phylogenetic relationships between the major lineages. We described the gene rearrangement patterns of Cnidaria. Anthozoans had significantly greater mitochondrial genome size and lower A + T content than medusozoans. Most of the protein-coding genes in anthozoans such as COX 13, ATP6, and CYTB displayed a faster rate of evolution based on selection analysis. There were 19 distinct patterns of mitochondrial gene order, including 16 unique gene orders in anthozoans and 3 mtDNA gene orders pattern in medusozoans, were identified among cnidarians. The gene order arrangement suggested that a linearized mtDNA structure may be more conducive to Medusozoan mtDNA stability. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the monophyly of the Anthozoa was strongly supported compared to previous mitochondrial genome-based analyses rather than octocorals forming a sister group relationship with medusozoans. In addition, Staurozoa were more closely related to Anthozoa than to Medusozoa. In conclusion, these results largely support the traditional phylogenetic view of the relationships of cnidarians and provide new insights into the evolutionary processes for studying the most ancient animal radiations.

Assembly-free quantification of vagrant DNA inserts.

Inserts of DNA from extranuclear sources, such as organelles and microbes, are common in eukaryote nuclear genomes. However, sequence similarity between the nuclear and extranuclear DNA, and a history of multiple insertions, make the assembly of these regions challenging. Consequently, the number, sequence and location of these vagrant DNAs cannot be reliably inferred from the genome assemblies of most organisms. We introduce two statistical methods to estimate the abundance of nuclear inserts even in the absence of a nuclear genome assembly. The first (intercept method) only requires low-coverage (<1×) sequencing data, as commonly generated for population studies of organellar and ribosomal DNAs. The second method additionally requires that a subset of the individuals carry extranuclear DNA with diverged genotypes. We validated our intercept method using simulations and by re-estimating the frequency of human NUMTs (nuclear mitochondrial inserts). We then applied it to the grasshopper Podisma pedestris, exceptional for both its large genome size and reports of numerous NUMT inserts, estimating that NUMTs make up 0.056% of the nuclear genome, equivalent to >500 times the mitochondrial genome size. We also re-analysed a museomics data set of the parrot Psephotellus varius, obtaining an estimate of only 0.0043%, in line with reports from other species of bird. Our study demonstrates the utility of low-coverage high-throughput sequencing data for the quantification of nuclear vagrant DNAs. Beyond quantifying organellar inserts, these methods could also be used on endosymbiont-derived sequences. We provide an R implementation of our methods called "vagrantDNA" and code to simulate test data sets.

A comparative analysis of mitochondrial ORFs provides new insights on expansion of mitochondrial genome size in Arcidae

BackgroundArcidae, comprising about 260 species of ark shells, is an ecologically and economically important lineage of bivalve mollusks. Interestingly, mitochondrial genomes of several Arcidae species are 2–3 times larger than those of most bilaterians, and are among the largest bilaterian mitochondrial genomes reported to date. The large mitochondrial genome size is mainly due to expansion of unassigned regions (regions that are functionally unassigned). Previous work on unassigned regions of Arcidae mtDNA genomes has focused on nucleotide-level analyses to observe sequence characteristics, however the origin of expansion remains unclear.ResultsWe assembled six new mitogenomes and sequenced six transcriptomes of Scapharca broughtonii to identify conserved functional ORFs that are transcribed in unassigned regions. Sixteen lineage-specific ORFs with different copy numbers were identified from seven Arcidae species, and 11 of 16 ORFs were expressed and likely biologically active. Unassigned regions of 32 Arcidae mitogenomes were compared to verify the presence of these novel mitochondrial ORFs and their distribution. Strikingly, multiple structural analyses and functional prediction suggested that these additional mtDNA-encoded proteins have potential functional significance. In addition, our results also revealed that the ORFs have a strong connection to the expansion of Arcidae mitochondrial genomes and their large-scale duplication play an important role in multiple expansion events. We discussed the possible origin of ORFs and hypothesized that these ORFs may originate from duplication of mitochondrial genes.ConclusionsThe presence of lineage-specific mitochondrial ORFs with transcriptional activity and potential functional significance supports novel features for Arcidae mitochondrial genomes. Given our observation and analyses, these ORFs may be products of mitochondrial gene duplication. These findings shed light on the origin and function of novel mitochondrial genes in bivalves and provide new insights into evolution of mitochondrial genome size in metazoans.

Mitochondrial genome maintenance - the kinetoplast story.

Mitochondrial DNA replication is an essential process in most eukaryotes. Similar to the diversity in mitochondrial genome size and organization in the different eukaryotic supergroups, there is considerable diversity in the replication process of the mitochondrial DNA. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of mitochondrial DNA replication and the associated factors in trypanosomes with a focus on Trypanosoma brucei, and provide a new model of minicircle replication for this protozoan parasite. The model assumes the mitochondrial DNA (kinetoplast DNA, kDNA) of T. brucei to be loosely diploid in nature and the replication of the genome to occur at two replication centers at the opposing ends of the kDNA disc (also known as antipodal sites, APS). The new model is consistent with the localization of most replication factors and in contrast to the current model, it does not require the assumption of an unknown sorting and transport complex moving freshly replicated DNA to the antipodal sites. In combination with the previously proposed sexual stages of the parasite in the insect vector, the new model provides a mechanism for maintenance of the mitochondrial genetic diversity.

Comparative mitogenome analysis reveals mitochondrial genome characteristics in eight strains of Beauveria.

Despite the significant progress that has been made in the genome sequencing of Beauveria species, mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) used to examine genetic diversity within fungal populations. Complete mitogenomes of Beauveria species can be easily sequenced and assembled using various sequencing techniques. However, since mitogenome annotations are mainly derived from similar species comparison and software prediction, and are not supported by RNA-seq transcripts data, it leads to problems with the accuracy of mitochondrial annotations and the inability to understand RNA processing. In this study, we assembled and annotated the mitogenome of eight Beauveria strains using Illumina DNA and RNA sequencing data. The circular mitogenome of eight Beauveria strains ranged from 26,850 bp (B. caledonica strain ATCC 64970) to 35,999 bp (B. brongniartii strain GYU-BMZ03), with the intronic insertions accounting for most of the size variation, thus contributing to a total mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) size of 7.01% and 28.95%, respectively. Intron number variations were not directly related to the evolutionary relationship distance. Besides ribosomal protein S3 (rps3), most introns are lost too quickly and lack the stability of protein-coding genes. The short RNA-seq reads from next-generation sequencing can improve the mitochondrial annotation accuracy and help study polycistronic transcripts and RNA processing. The transcription initiation sites may be located in the control region. Most introns do not serve as taxonomic markers and also lack open reading frames (ORFs). We assumed that the poly A tail was added to the polycistronic transcript before splicing and one polycistronic transcript (trnM(1)-trnL(1)-trnA-trnF-trnK-trnL(2)-trnQ-trnH-trnM(2)-nad2-nad3-atp9-cox2-trnR(1)-nad4L-nad5-cob-trnC-cox1-trnR(2)-nad1-nad4-atp8-atp6-rns-trnY-trnD-trnS-trnN-cox3-trnG-nad6-trnV-trnI-trnS-trnW-trnP-rnl(rps3)-trnT-trnE-trnM(3)) was first processed from the mitogenome and was subsequently processed into smaller mono-, di-, or tricistronic RNAs.

First record of the complete mitochondrial genome of Tubifex tubifex (Müller) 1774 (Annelida; Clitellata; Oligochaeta) and phylogenetic analysis

The complete mitochondrial genome of Tubifex tubifex was analyzed using the MGISEQ-2000 platform. The size of the complete mitochondrial genome was 15,972 bp. Data pertaining to the genome, such as the presence of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a putative control region were submitted to NCBI (MW690579). A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the sequences of the 13 PCGs using the maximum-likelihood method. Despite only a few references available on the complete mitochondrial genome of other aquatic oligochaetes, our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the freshwater oligochaetes T. tubifex and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri are in a cluster different from that of the earthworm group.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the karst-dwelling crab, Terrapotamon thungwa (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae)

Terrapotamon thungwa is a new species of terrestrial long-legged crab discovered in a karst landscape of southern Thailand. Here, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome of this crab species. The mitochondrial genome size is 16,156 base-pairs (bp), including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The AT and GC content of the mitochondrial genome sequence is 73.2% and 26.8%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis with 26 crustacean species, based on 13 mitochondrial conserve genes, showed that T. thungwa was closely related to other freshwater crab species in the family Potamidae.

Complex mitogenomic rearrangements within the Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

BackgroundScallops (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) present extraordinary variance in both mitochondrial genome size, structure and content, even when compared to the extreme diversity documented within Mollusca and Bivalvia. In pectinids, mitogenome rearrangements involve protein coding and rRNA genes along with tRNAs, and different genome organization patterns can be observed even at the level of Tribes. Existing pectinid phylogenies fail to resolve some relationships in the family, Chlamydinae being an especially problematic group.ResultsIn our study, we sequenced, annotated and characterized the mitochondrial genome of a member of Chlamydinae, Mimachlamys varia—a species of commercial interest and an effective bioindicator—revealing yet another novel gene arrangement in the Pectinidae. The phylogeny based on all mitochondrial protein coding and rRNA genes suggests the paraphyly of the Mimachlamys genus, further commending the taxonomic revision of the classification within the Chlamydinae subfamily. At the scale of the Pectinidae, we found that 15 sequence blocks are involved in mitogenome rearrangements, which behave as separate units.ConclusionsOur study reveals incongruities between phylogenies based on mitochondrial protein-coding versus rRNA genes within the Pectinidae, suggesting that locus sampling affects phylogenetic inference at the scale of the family. We also conclude that the available taxon sampling does not allow for understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the high variability of mitogenome architecture observed in the Pectinidae, and that unraveling these processes will require denser taxon sampling.

Structural characteristics of the melon mitochondria genome

Mitochondrial genome can provide important genetic information of melon. We reported that the mitochondrial genome sequence of melon in a previous study, the structural characteristics of the melon mitochondrial genome were further analyzed in this study. The mitochondrial genome of melon is comprised of three circular DNA molecules, with a total length of about 2.9 Mb, contains 4,861 pairs of homologous repeats, 439 pairs of inverted repeats, 653 tandem repeats and 218 SSR sequences. The coding genes accounted for 1.54% and non-coding gene sequences accounted for 98.46% of melon mitochondrial genome. The total repetitive sequence of mitochondrial genome of melon was the highest among <italic>Cucumis melo</italic>, <italic>Cucumis sativus</italic>, <italic>Cucurbita pepo</italic> and <italic>Citrullus lanatus</italic>. The large number of repeated sequences and nuclear genome sequences were the main reason for the increasing size and variation of melon mitochondrial genome. Melon mitochondrial genome has the highest GC content and tRNA quantity. These regions were the main source of mitochondrial genome differences among all species here analyzed.

Assembly of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Chinese Plum (Prunus salicina): Characterization of Genome Recombination and RNA Editing Sites.

Despite the significant progress that has been made in the genome sequencing of Prunus, this area of research has been lacking a systematic description of the mitochondrial genome of this genus for a long time. In this study, we assembled the mitochondrial genome of the Chinese plum (Prunus salicina) using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing data. The mitochondrial genome size of P. salicina was found to be 508,035 base pair (bp), which is the largest reported in the Rosaceae family to date, and P. salicina was shown to be 63,453 bp longer than sweet cherry (P. avium). The P. salicina mitochondrial genome contained 37 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 16 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. Two plastid-derived tRNA were identified. We also found two short repeats that captured the nad3 and nad6 genes and resulted in two copies. In addition, nine pairs of repeat sequences were identified as being involved in the mediation of genome recombination. This is crucial for the formation of subgenomic configurations. To characterize RNA editing sites, transcriptome data were used, and we identified 480 RNA editing sites in protein-coding sequences. Among them, the initiation codon of the nad1 gene confirmed that an RNA editing event occurred, and the genomic encoded ACG was edited as AUG in the transcript. Combined with previous reports on the chloroplast genome, our data complemented our understanding of the last part of the organelle genome of plum, which will facilitate our understanding of the evolution of organelle genomes.

The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Sinocyclocheilus angularis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

This is the first study to determine the complete mitochondrial genome of Sinocyclocheilus angularis, which is an endemic cavefish native to the Karst region of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The complete mitochondrial genome size of S. angularis was 16,586 bp, and it consisted of a control region, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The base composition of the mitogenome was 25.14% A, 32.45% T, 27.10% G, and 15.31% C, with an overall GC content of 42.42%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Sinocyclocheilus were clustered into one strong clade and S. angularis was very closely related to S. bicornutus. It will provide an essential genetic tool for the further evolutionary studies and conservation of genus Sinocyclocheilus.

Mitogenomes of Three Satyrid Butterfly Species (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera) and Reconstructed Phylogeny of Satyrinae

Satyrinae is a 3000-species butterfly subfamily of Nymphalidae. The higher-level classification of this family is still controversial. In this research, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of three satyrid butterfly species, Hipparchia autonoe, Paroeneis palaearctica, and Oeneis buddha, and studied the phylogeny of Satyrinae with all known complete mitogenomes. The results showed that the lengths of the three satyrid butterfly mitogenomes are 15,435 bp (H. Autonoe), 15,942 bp (P. palaearctica), and 15,259 bp (O. buddha). Gene content and arrangement of newly sequenced mitogenomes are highly conserved and are typical of Lepidoptera. These three mitogenomes were found to have a typical set of 37 genes and an A + T-rich region. The tRNA genes in these three mitogenomes showed a typical clover leaf structure, but the stem of tRNASer (AGN) was lacking dihydroacridine. In these three species, the lengths of the A + T-rich regions were different, which led to differences in mitochondrial genome sizes. The characterizations of the three mitogenomes enrich our knowledge on the Lepidopteran mitogenome and provide us genetic information to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree. Finally, the phylogenetic results confirmed the position of the genus Davidina in the subfamily Satyrini, had a closer phylogenetic relationship with Oeneis, and the phylogenetic analysis supported the formation of Oeneis buddha as an independent taxon in Oeneis.