Mitigate Supply Chain Research Articles

Home remedies: flexibilities to onshore pharmaceutical manufacturing under WTO rules

Abstract In the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, governments globally have intensified efforts to localize the production of pharmaceuticals, leveraging local content requirements and incentives to mitigate supply chain vulnerabilities. This shift has revealed tensions with World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations, notably highlighted in Turkey—Pharmaceutical Products (EU). This article explores policy-based flexibilities within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994, the Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures, and the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) Agreement that may justify measures inconsistent with WTO norms under specific conditions. Analysing public health exceptions, national security imperatives, and government procurement policies, the paper elucidates how these flexibilities can be mobilized to support onshoring initiatives while adhering to international trade obligations. The findings suggest a nuanced approach to reconciling public health goals and economic strategies with global trade rules, providing a critical framework for policymakers navigating the complex interplay between national interests and international legal commitments.

Mitigating Supply Chain Disruptions in Enhancing South Companys Sustainability

Mitigating Supply Chain Disruptions in Enhancing South Companys Sustainability

A-205 Evaluating the Cost and Importance of Supply Chain Resilience in the Clinical Laboratory

Abstract Background Recent pandemics, epidemics and outbreaks continually underscore the critical importance of resilient supply chains in healthcare, particularly in clinical laboratories where timely access to supplies is essential for patient care. Supply chain disruptions, whether due to global crises or localized challenges, can significantly impact laboratory operations, leading to delayed diagnoses, compromised patient outcomes, and increased costs. It is estimated that 70%-80% of a patients’ EMR is clinical laboratory results. Despite this, supply chain resilience in clinical laboratories remains an under-addressed issue and remains a buzzword. Methods To evaluate the cost and importance of supply chain resilience in the clinical laboratory, we conducted a comprehensive review and interviews with 9 Healthcare Supply Chain experts analyzing the impact of supply chain disruptions on laboratory operations and patient care. Data was also collected from a diverse range of clinical laboratories, including hospitals, independent labs, and research institutions, spanning different geographic regions as well as a survey of 50 Laboratory experts with a 50% response rate. Key metrics assessed included: -Frequency and duration of supply chain disruptions. -Financial costs incurred due to disruptions, including expenses related to expedited shipping, alternative sourcing, and inventory management. -Impact on laboratory workflow, turnaround times, and patient care outcomes. -Strategies employed to mitigate supply chain risks and enhance resilience. Results Our review revealed findings regarding the cost and importance of supply chain resilience in the clinical laboratory: -Supply chain disruptions were frequent, with 85% of laboratories experiencing at least one significant disruption in the past year and 100% in experienced disruptions 2022. -The average duration of disruptions was 2-3 weeks, leading to substantial delays in test processing and patient care. -Financial costs associated with disruptions averaged $50,000 per laboratory per annum, including expenses for rush orders, and premium-priced alternatives. -Common strategies employed were increased inventory or safety stocks, multi-vendor sourcing, and supply chain mapping. Conclusions The findings of this study underscore the critical importance of supply chain resilience in the clinical laboratory. Supply chain disruptions are not just inconveniences; they pose significant risks to patient safety, operational efficiency, and financial sustainability. Investing in supply chain resilience is imperative for laboratories to fulfill their mission of delivering timely and accurate patient results. To continue to enhance supply chain resilience, laboratories must adopt a proactive approach, leveraging data-driven insights and collaborative partnerships. This includes diversifying supplier networks and fostering closer collaboration between laboratory and procurement teams.

Benchmarking the Performance of Lithium and Sodium‐Ion Batteries With Different Electrode and Electrolyte Materials

ABSTRACTSodium‐ion (Na‐ion) batteries are considered a promising alternative to lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries due to the abundant availability of sodium, which helps mitigate supply chain risks associated with Li‐ion batteries. Many studies have focused on the design of Li‐ion batteries, exploring their energy, power, and cost aspects. However, there is still a lack of similar research conducted on Na‐ion batteries. A comparison of the cell voltage characteristics and rate capability of sodium and lithium‐ion batteries using different types of electrodes and electrolytes. For sodium‐ion batteries electrolytes used are NaPF6 and NaClO4 and electrodes used are NaCoO2, NaNiO2, NaFePO4, (Na3V2(PO4)3), graphite, hard carbon, sodium metal, and sodium titanate. For lithium‐ion batteries with LiPF6 and KOH electrolytes and electrodes as LiCoO2, NMC, LVP, Li2MnSiO4, graphite, silicon, lithium titanate (LTO), lithium metal. A thorough analysis of six important performance metrics is part of the investigation: Ragone plots, Electrolyte salt concentration versus spatial coordinate, electrolyte potential versus spatial coordinate, Cell voltage versus battery cell state of charge, Cell voltage versus time, and state variable versus time. Comparing operating voltage and rated capacity NMC and graphite is selected for lithium‐ion batteries as this combination provides operating voltage up to 4.2 V and a rated capacity of 275 Wh/kg, for sodium‐ion for NaCoO2 and hard carbon which has an operating voltage of 2.5–3.8 V and rated capacity around 200 Wh/kg and another combination of electrode as NaFePO4 and sodium metal with NaClO4 electrolyte has a maximum operating voltage of 2.8–3.8 V and rated capacity around 200 Wh/kg. This paper shows significant influence of electrolyte selection on battery performance. The Ragone plots demonstrate that LiPF6 electrolytes in lithium‐ion batteries and NaPF6 electrolytes in sodium‐ion batteries both exhibit superior specific energy densities compared to their KOH and NaClO4 counterparts, respectively. The work presented in this paper encourages researchers to select alternate electrolytes and electrodes for lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries in order to obtain optimal device performance.

Fuzzy synthesis analysis of social network risk factors in supply chains of African megaprojects

PurposeMegaproject supply chains involve multiple layers of stakeholders, leading to complex relationships and risks. The role of social interactions within these networks is unexplored. Therefore, an analysis of construction supply chain risk management from the perspective of social networks is essential to identify related stakeholders, their relationships and the social network risk factors.Design/methodology/approachAbout 65 risk factors, identified from literature and interviews, informed the development of a questionnaire for the study. Online questionnaires administered in Ghana and South Africa produced 120 valid responses. Feedback from the responses was ranked and assessed to determine the overall social network risk levels using the Normalised Mean and Fuzzy synthesis analysis methods.FindingsAbout 24 risk factors were identified and classified into six groups: Client/Consultant-related, Community-related, Government-related, Industry Perception-related, Supplier-related and Stakeholder Opportunism. The top five social network risks identified include bribery, supplier monopoly, incomplete design teams, poor communication and lack of collaboration.Practical implicationsThe study provides detailed evaluations of social network risks in Africa, and the findings will help in developing strategies to mitigate supply chain disruptions caused by these challenges.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on supply chain risk management by offering context-specific insights into the social network perspective of megaprojects in Africa, which differs from those in developed countries.

Adaptive large neighborhood search for drayage routing problems involving longer combination vehicles

Longer combination vehicles (LCVs)—tractor-trailer combinations with two or more trailers—can move more cargo per trip than standard trucks, potentially reducing costs and emissions. Acknowledging this, the drayage industry has recently launched initiatives to increase the adoption of LCVs, aiming to mitigate supply chain issues. This paper aims to support these kinds of initiatives by tackling drayage routing problems involving LCVs and further aspects, such as heterogeneous truck fleets, containers of any size and cargo category, and compatibility constraints based on the containers’ sizes and loads. As solution method, we propose an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) heuristic, whose search operators account for aspects such as truck/container compatibility and load configurations specific to each truck. The proposed ALNS heuristic also incorporates a novel acceptance criterion that seeks to escape local optima while allowing for revisiting the current best solution and avoiding search stagnation. Through a series of benchmark tests against a state-of-the-art exact approach, we show that the proposed ALNS heuristic can consistently find high-quality solutions for a wide range of instances while, in some cases, cutting runtimes from hours or even days to a few minutes. We also show that the proposed acceptance criterion enables improved performance. Finally, we use the proposed ALNS heuristic to derive managerial insights into the savings delivered by different types of LCVs in drayage operations.

Abstract 3: Adapting to Evolving Demands: Diversifying Cord Blood Processing to Mitigate Supply Chain and Vendor Risks

Abstract 3: Adapting to Evolving Demands: Diversifying Cord Blood Processing to Mitigate Supply Chain and Vendor Risks

Influence of Geopolitical Events on Procurement Strategies and Supply Chain Dynamics in Multinational Corporations

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the influence of geopolitical events on procurement strategies and supply chain dynamics in multinational corporations Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that geopolitical events exert a profound influence on procurement strategies and supply chain dynamics within multinational corporations (MNCs), compelling them to adapt swiftly to global uncertainties. The study underscored that events such as trade conflicts, sanctions, and political instability disrupt established supply chains, necessitating strategic adjustments in sourcing, supplier relationships, and operational practices. MNCs respond by diversifying sourcing locations, enhancing supply chain transparency, and integrating robust risk management frameworks to mitigate geopolitical risks effectively. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutional Theory, Resource Dependence Theory & Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) may be used to anchor future studies on influence of geopolitical events on procurement strategies and supply chain dynamics in multinational corporations. Encourage MNCs to adopt agile procurement strategies that prioritize flexibility and responsiveness to geopolitical disruptions. This includes establishing multi-sourcing strategies, leveraging local suppliers, and implementing digital platforms for real-time risk monitoring and decision-making. Strengthen supplier relationship management practices to build resilient supply networks. Foster transparent communication and collaboration with suppliers to co-develop contingency plans and mitigate supply chain risks arising from geopolitical events. Advocate for transparent and stable trade policies that reduce uncertainty and facilitate global supply chain operations. Engage in constructive dialogues with policymakers to address trade barriers, tariffs, and regulatory inconsistencies that hinder cross-border trade and procurement efficiency.

Effectiveness of Risk Management Strategies in Mitigating Supply Chain Disruptions in South Africa

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of risk management strategies in mitigating supply chain disruptions in South Africa Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The effectiveness of risk management strategies in mitigating supply chain disruptions in South Africa has proven to be critical in maintaining operational stability and ensuring business continuity. In an environment characterized by frequent economic, political, and environmental challenges, robust risk management strategies have become indispensable for South African businesses. These strategies, including risk assessment, diversification of suppliers, implementation of advanced technologies, and development of contingency plans, have significantly enhanced the resilience of supply chains. By systematically identifying and evaluating potential risks, businesses have been able to proactively address vulnerabilities and reduce the impact of disruptions. The use of advanced technologies, such as predictive analytics, real-time monitoring systems, and blockchain, has further strengthened risk management efforts. These technologies provide valuable insights into supply chain dynamics, enable early detection of potential disruptions, and facilitate rapid response measures. As a result, businesses can maintain smoother operations and minimize downtime during unforeseen events. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Resilience Theory, Resource-Based View (RBV) & Contingency Theory may be used to anchor future studies on effectiveness of risk management strategies in mitigating supply chain disruptions in South Africa. Encourage the adoption of advanced technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain for real-time monitoring and supply chain visibility. Practical implementation of these technologies can enhance early detection of disruptions and facilitate rapid response strategies. Foster closer collaboration with suppliers to co-develop robust contingency plans and risk-sharing mechanisms. Practices such as dual sourcing, supplier diversification, and joint risk assessments can build resilience across the supply chain network. Advocate for policies that incentivize resilience-building practices within supply chains. This could include tax incentives for investments in resilient infrastructure, as well as mandatory reporting on supply chain risk management practices to enhance transparency and accountability.

A circular economy roadmap for solar photovoltaics

Solar photovoltaics (PV) and other clean energy technologies are increasingly being deployed as an environmentally responsible and economic approach to energy system decarbonization. The shift from fossil fuel-centric to material-centric equipment has also shifted the consideration and management of environmental and societal impacts across the technology life cycle. Societal desire to reduce raw material needs, mitigate supply chain social and governance challenges, and take advantage of the reuse and recycling capabilities of materials has enhanced interest in regenerative economic models, called circular economies (CEs). A recent critical review documented that solar PV is on a “path towards increased circularity,” but the need remains to expand activities beyond recycling to a broader set of environmental and policy activities to fully realize the benefits [1,2]. Thus, the goal of this research roadmap is to facilitate and accelerate the transition to a solar PV CE by 1) highlighting current opportunities for PV value chain stakeholders to adopt circular strategies and 2) assessing research and development (R&D) needs that can be addressed in the short term to advance a CE for the solar industry.

Enhancing manufacturing productivity: A review of AI-Driven supply chain management optimization and ERP systems integration

This abstract delves into the realm of manufacturing productivity enhancement through the review of AI-driven supply chain management (SCM) optimization and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integration. As industries strive for operational excellence, the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and supply chain management emerges as a transformative force in driving efficiency, agility, and competitiveness. Through a comprehensive analysis, this abstract examines the synergistic relationship between AI-driven SCM optimization and the integration of ERP systems, elucidating their collective impact on manufacturing productivity. AI-driven SCM optimization encompasses a spectrum of technologies and methodologies, including predictive analytics, machine learning, and autonomous decision-making systems, aimed at optimizing various facets of the supply chain, from demand forecasting and inventory management to production planning and logistics optimization. By harnessing the power of AI, manufacturers can enhance forecasting accuracy, reduce lead times, optimize inventory levels, and mitigate supply chain disruptions, thereby improving overall productivity and customer satisfaction. Integration of ERP systems plays a complementary role in manufacturing productivity enhancement by providing a centralized platform for data management, process automation, and cross-functional collaboration. Through seamless integration with AI-driven SCM optimization tools, ERP systems enable real-time data exchange, actionable insights, and end-to-end visibility across the supply chain, facilitating informed decision-making and agile response to dynamic market conditions. Drawing insights from case studies and industry examples, this abstract highlights best practices, challenges, and emerging trends in AI-driven SCM optimization and ERP systems integration. Strategies for successful implementation, including organizational readiness assessment, change management, and stakeholder engagement, are discussed to guide manufacturers in unlocking the full potential of these transformative technologies. In conclusion, the convergence of AI-driven SCM optimization and ERP systems integration offers a compelling pathway for enhancing manufacturing productivity, driving operational excellence, and sustaining competitive advantage in the digital era.. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Supply Chain Management, Enterprise Resource Planning, Manufacturing Productivity, AI Integration, Predictive Analytics.

The geopolitics of supply chains: EU efforts to ensure security of supply

AbstractRecently, the EU launched a number of initiatives to prevent the weaponising of supply chains and build resilience against interruptions. This article explores attempts to ensure security of supply in three sectors: semiconductors, pharmaceuticals and critical raw materials. The analysis contrasts the measures taken in each sector in order to highlight commonalities and explain differences in approach and impact. This comparison of the EU's three principal policies for mitigating supply chain disruption shows the EU has equipped itself with more policy tools in the area of critical raw materials. The argument put forward to explain this prioritisation is that the weaponisation of critical raw materials has already taken place and risks stoking a political backlash against the EU green deal. Consequently, the evidence shows how the EU's geoeconomic hedging marks a move away from an overriding commitment to free markets as part of the postwar liberal international order. Rather, the EU is experimenting with market‐directing mechanisms involving state aid, stockpiling and regulatory interventions in the name of security of supply. This change illustrates not just the fraying of the liberal international trade order but also the part that the EU is playing in this transformation.

Data-driven Wasserstein distributionally robust dual-sourcing inventory model under uncertain demand

Dual-sourcing inventory management, which is aimed at replenishing inventory through two supply sources, has been extensively incorporated across various industries as it can mitigate supply chain related operational risks. Given the practical relevance of this framework, many dual-sourcing inventory models based on stochastic and robust optimization approaches have been developed. However, these approaches encounter challenges such as the curse of dimensionality or solution conservativeness. In this study, we developed a data-driven distributionally robust optimization model for dual-sourcing inventory management under uncertain demand conditions, in which partial information regarding the distribution of the uncertain demand is available. A tractable model was constructed to solve the problem, and an optimal solution was derived in a closed-form expression. Numerical experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed model in comparison with benchmark models in terms of the order-, stock-, and rolling-horizon-related parameters and demand distributions. The results demonstrated the benefit of adopting the dual-sourcing strategy in inventory management based on the distributionally robust optimization approach. In addition, the proposed model outperformed the benchmark models in terms of mitigating the bullwhip effect.

Assessment of global supply chain risk and mitigation strategies

This studies paper presents a comprehensive examination of global supply chain risk management, critical for navigating cutting-edge interconnected enterprise panorama. It explores diverse participants to deliver chain vulnerabilities, together with natural disasters, political instability, and economic fluctuations, highlighting the necessity for proactive chance mitigation techniques. Leveraging insights from scholarly literature and case research, the research underscores the importance of thorough understanding and evaluation of worldwide deliver chain dangers. It advocates for the adoption of progressive methodologies such as fuzzy common sense and Bayesian Belief Networks to beautify threat evaluation practices and prioritize mitigation efforts successfully. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the pivotal role of top management aid, strategic collaboration, and technological advancements in mitigating supply chain disruptions. Through the synthesis of various perspectives and strategies, the research advocates for a holistic technique to mitigate worldwide deliver chain dangers, making sure organizational resilience and sustainability. It underscores the necessity for continuous tracking, edition, and investment in chance management frameworks to navigate uncertainties and keep a competitive gain in an ever-evolving commercial enterprise surroundings. By offering practical insights and actionable tips, this paper equips groups with the expertise and gear essential to support their supply chains against disruptions, thereby improving operational performance and fostering long-time period achievement within the worldwide market. Keywords Supply chain risk management, Global supply chain,Risk mitigation strategies,Disruptions,Resilience

The impact of digital technology deployment on mitigating supply chain disruptions: Evidence from Chinese automotive manufacturers during the COVID-19 crisis

Digital supply chain management provided opportunities to mitigate the effects of supply chain disruptions on business activities. Unfortunately, the real-life impacts of digital technology deployment in mitigating supply chain disruptions and enhancing resilience have not been fully evaluated, and it is unclear which digital technology deployment strategy had the greatest effect on firms' operations. This research seeks to fill this gap using data from the annual reports of 123 Chinese automotive manufacturers during the COVID-19 crisis. We focus on two dimensions of digital technology deployment: amount and category. Metrics describing financial and operational performance are used to estimate firms' overall performance. Additionally, this research presents econometric models to assess the effects of digital technology deployment from the two aforementioned dimensions. We found that the deployment of digital technology assets could mitigate negative effects on firms' performance during COVID-19 crisis, albeit with a time lag. Different categories of digital technology deployment, however, had different effects on firms' financial and operational performance. Digital front-end technologies were more efficient in improving the financial performance of the automotive firms. Meanwhile, digital base technologies were more impactful on the firms’ operational performance. This research contributes to the body of research on digital SCM and supply chain risk management by examining the effect of digital technologies from a dynamic capability perspective.

Risk management and HR practices in supply chains: Preparing for the future

This study explores the strategic integration of risk management and Human Resources (HR) practices within the context of supply chain management, aiming to identify how such integration enhances organizational resilience and sustainability. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, the study examines scholarly articles from key databases, focusing on the period from January 2000 to the present. The methodology involves a comprehensive search strategy, stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a detailed selection process to distill insights from relevant literature. Key findings reveal that strategic HR practices, such as talent management, leadership development, and fostering a risk-aware culture, significantly contribute to mitigating supply chain risks and bolstering resilience. Furthermore, the study highlights the pivotal role of technological advancements, including artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things, in supporting the dynamic integration of risk management and HR practices. This integration not only addresses operational efficiencies but also aligns with strategic objectives towards sustainability and adaptability in the face of global disruptions. The study concludes that the strategic importance of integrating risk management with HR practices cannot be overstated, emphasizing its necessity for building agile, resilient, and sustainable supply chains. As organizations navigate the complexities of modern supply chains, this integrated approach offers a pathway to not only survive but thrive amid uncertainties, underscoring a blueprint for sustainable competitive advantage in evolving global markets. This review contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of current practices and future directions for integrating risk management and HR practices in supply chain management.

Fresh Produce Ordering, Pricing and Freshness-Keeping Decisions with Call Option Contracts and Spot Markets

Considering the characteristics of both quality and quantity losses in fresh produce as well as the existence of spot markets, optimal retailer ordering, pricing, and freshness-keeping decisions through the single ordering policy (firm ordering only or option ordering only) and the mixed ordering policy (firm ordering and option ordering simultaneously) are constructed based on option contracts and analyzed for the retailer under different ordering policies. The results show that there is a unique optimal pricing, ordering, and freshness-keeping decision under all three ordering policies, but there is no joint decision. The optimal freshness-keeping and retail price under the mixed ordering policy are lower than those under the option ordering only but higher than those under the firm ordering only. When only a single order can be placed, the retailer’s optimal ordering policy is determined by demand risk. When all three ordering policies are available, the optimal ordering policy for the retailer is the mixed ordering policy. A spot market will weaken the role of option contracts in mitigating supply chain risks, and the larger the risk, the more significant the role of the spot market.

Risk management strategies for smart hotel supply chain

<p>In the dynamic and interconnected world of hospitality, smart hotel supply chains play a pivotal role in maintaining operational efficiency and service excellence. However, these supply chains are susceptible to many risks, including transportation disruptions, supplier insolvencies, and cybersecurity threats, which can severely impact business continuity and degrade service quality. This conceptual paper proposes a holistic framework for identifying, assessing, and mitigating supply chain risks within the context of smart hotels. By integrating advanced technologies and strategic management practices, this study aims to reinforce smart hotel supply chains against potential vulnerabilities, ensuring sustainable business operations and superior guest satisfaction. The paper explores various risk management measures and leverages supply chain management, hospitality, and cybersecurity insights to develop a robust risk management strategy tailored for smart hotels.<strong></strong></p>

Inventory Management in Pharmaceutical Industry

This research paper explores the intricacies of managing inventories of medicines in the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on meeting the healthcare needs of both humans and animals. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and analysis of real-world case studies, this paper identifies key challenges, strategies, and best practices associated with pharmaceutical inventory management. The literature review reveals the complexities of inventory management in the pharmaceutical sector, including demand variability, regulatory compliance, and the need for precise temperature control for perishable medicines. Strategies such as economic order quantity (EOQ) and just-in-time (JIT) inventory management are discussed for managing normal inventories, while specialized approaches like cold chain management are highlighted for managing perishable inventories. Technological innovations, such as RFID technology and predictive analytics, are recognized for their potential to enhance inventory visibility and mitigate supply chain risks. Case studies provide valuable insights into successful inventory management practices within the pharmaceutical industry. Examples demonstrate the importance of collaboration among stakeholders, investment in advanced inventory management systems, and adherence to regulatory compliance measures. Furthermore, case studies underscore the significance of maintaining optimal inventory levels, minimizing stockouts, and ensuring medication safety and efficacy. This research paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on pharmaceutical supply chain optimization, patient-centric care delivery, and the pursuit of sustainable healthcare solutions. By synthesizing insights from literature and real-world examples, stakeholders can develop strategies to address challenges, enhance inventory management practices, and improve patient outcomes in the pharmaceutical industry. KEYWORDS Pharmaceutical Inventory Management, Medicine Inventory Control, Perishable Inventory, Normal Inventory, Supply Chain Optimization, Regulatory Compliance, Demand Variability, Cold Chain Management, RFID Technology, Patient Safety, Supply Chain Efficiency, Case Study Analysis, Healthcare Logistics, Sustainable Healthcare Solutions.

Supply Chain Finance: How Do Supply Chain Strategies Perform in Mitigating Supply Chain Disruption and Commodity Price Volatility Risks?

Supply Chain Finance: How Do Supply Chain Strategies Perform in Mitigating Supply Chain Disruption and Commodity Price Volatility Risks?