Mite Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus Research Articles

Optimization of Basophil Activation Test in the Diagnosis and Qualification for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy in Children with Respiratory Allergy to the House Dust Mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.

The aim of this study was to optimize a basophil activation test in the detection of allergy to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in children with allergic respiratory diseases. This study involved 32 cases, 13 girls and 19 boys aged 4-17 years, with perennial asthma or allergic rhinitis caused by D. pteronyssinus. The control group consisted of 13 girls and 19 boys aged 4-17 years with seasonal allergic asthma or rhinitis provoked by Timothy or birch pollen. House dust mite (HDM) allergy was excluded in the controls based on their medical history, skin prick test (SPT) results and sIgE determination. In all patients, a basophil activation test (BAT) was performed with five dilutions of D. pteronyssinus allergen (the dilution series ranged from 22.5 to 0.00225 ng/mL). The results were analyzed by using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to determine the optimal allergen concentrations, outcome measures and cut-off points that would differentiate most accurately between HDM-allergic and non-allergic patients. As a "gold standard", criteria for allergen-specific immunotherapy with D. pteronyssinus or respective pollens were applied by an experienced pediatric allergist following the guidelines of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. The highest diagnostic efficiency was yielded by the protocol assuming a cut-off value of 9.76% activated basophils after activation with a single allergen concentration of 2.25 ng/mL (sensitivity 90.6%, specificity 100%). This protocol yielded 3 (4.7%) misclassifications, all false negative, when compared with the "gold standard". There was a strong correlation with the BAT results at 22.5, 2.25 and 0.225 ng/mL (respectively r = 0.90 and r = 0.78, p < 0.001), as well as between the BAT at 2.25 ng/mL and SPT (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) and between the SPT and sIgE levels (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). High cross-reactivity between D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae was confirmed based on the BAT at 22.5 ng/mL (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the BAT showed very good concordance with the result of a meticulous process of decision-making that combined validated allergy tests (SPT, sIgE) with expert guidelines, specialist knowledge and experience. Facing the risk of the incorrect qualification of patients for costly, long-lasting and potentially risky allergen-specific immunotherapy, the inclusion of a basophil activation test into diagnostic process seems fully justified.

BASOPHILS ACTIVATE PRURICEPTOR-LIKE VAGAL SENSORY NEURONS.

Vagal sensory neurons convey sensations from internal organs along the vagus nerve to the brainstem. Pruriceptors are a subtype of neurons that transmit itch and induce pruritus. Despite extensive research on the molecular mechanisms of itch, studies focusing on pruriceptors in the vagal ganglia still need to be explored. In this study, we characterized vagal pruriceptor neurons by their responsiveness to pruritogens such as lysophosphatidic acid, β -alanine, chloroquine, and the cytokine oncostatin M. We discovered that lung-resident basophils produce oncostatin M and that its release can be induced by engagement of Fc ε RI α . Oncostatin M then sensitizes multiple populations of vagal sensory neurons, including Tac1 + and MrgprA3 + neurons in the jugular ganglia. Finally, we observed an increase in oncostatin M release in mice sensitized to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or to the fungal allergen Alternaria alternata , highlighting a novel mechanism through which basophils and vagal sensory neurons may communicate during type I hypersensitivity diseases such as allergic asthma.

Identification and sensitization to environmental fungal spores in Lima City, Peru

To identify and registry the most important fungal spores trapped in our aerobiology station, as well as to report the prevalence of skin sensitization to these allergens. The pollen counts were made according to standardized technique with a Burkard seven days spore trap, following the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) through National Allergy Bureau (NAB) recommendations. The trap was installed on the roof of Clinica SANNA, El GOLF, San Isidro, which is 20 m high, 12°5'54"S 77°3'6"W in the west-south of the Lima urban area. The sampling period was performed from September 2020 to October 2021. Skin prick tests were carried out according to the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (SEAIC) in 200 patients (18 to 60 years old) with symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma, who were evaluated in the Allergology Service of Clinica SANNA el Golf. Allergenic extracts were applied, dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis), cat and dog danders, cockroach (Periplaneta americana), grass 6 mix, weed mix, molds (Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium notatum, Nigrospora spp.), INMUNOTEK-Spain provided the extracts. We also tested other fungal allergens such as Fusarium spp, Stemphylium spp, Curvularia spp, a mixture of Helmintosporum/Dreschlera spp. from the DIATER-Argentina laboratory. We identified spores of Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium spp., Nigrospora spp., Stemphylium spp., Fusarium spp., Curvularia spp., Dreschlera/Helmintosporum spp. The patients showed sensitization to Cladosporium herbarum (14%), Fusarium spp. (13,5%), Nigrospora spp. (8%), Alternaria Alternata (7%), Stemphylium (6%), Dreschlera/Helmintosporium spp. (5,5%), Curvularia spp. (3%), Aspergillus fumigatus (2,5%). The inhabitants of the south-western area of the urban city of Lima are exposed to different fungal spores with allergenic potential, with a higher concentration being identified during the summer/autumn months. Cutaneous sensitization is demonstrated in variable percentages to the fungal spores identified in this aerobiological sampling. The results of this study should be expanded and compared with data in the forthcoming years, identify seasonal and annual fluctuations and extend the traps to other locations in Lima.

IgG from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p)-atopic individuals modulates non-atopic thymic B cell phenotype (alfa-4/beta-7) and cytokine production (IFN-γ, IL-9, and IL-10) with direct membrane interaction

Studies about thymic B cells are scarce in the literature, but it was suggested that they can exert modulatory and regulatory functions on the immune system. Thymic B cells can play some role in regulating the most frequent allergic background worldwide, the atopy induced by the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p). Here, we aimed to evaluate if the polyclonal IgG repertoire produced by Der p-atopic individuals can influence the homing and cytokine profile of human thymic B derived from non-atopic children aged less than seven days. With this purpose, we produced polyclonal IgG formulations and cultivated human thymocytes in their presence. We also assessed IgG subclasses and the direct interaction of IgG with thymic B cell membranes. Our results could demonstrate that Der p-atopic IgG could not reduce the expression of α4β7 homing molecule as observed in response to the other IgG formulations and could reduce the frequency of IFN-γ- and IL-9-producing thymic B cells compared to the mock condition. Der p-atopic IgG could also induce thymic IL-10-producing B cells compared to control conditions. The IgG derived from Der p-atopic individuals failed to diminish the population of IL-13-producing thymic B cells, unlike the reduction observed with other IgG formulations when compared to the mock condition. All IgG formulations had similar levels of IgG subclasses and directly interacted with thymic B cell membranes. Finally, we performed experiments using peripheral non-atopic B cells where IgG effects were not observed. In conclusion, our observation demonstrates that IgG induced in allergic individuals can modulate non-atopic thymic B cells, potentially generating thymic B cells prone to allergy development, which seems to not occur in mature B cells.

Comparative analysis of cysteine proteases reveals gene family evolution of the group 1 allergens in astigmatic mites.

Astigmatic mites contain potent allergens that can trigger IgE-mediated immune responses, leading to allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. In house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, group 1 allergens (Der p 1 and Der f 1), characterized as papain-like cysteine proteases, have been defined as the major allergens that have high prevalence and potency. Previous studies of mite group 1 allergens mainly focused on identification, comparison of sequence and structure, as well as the investigation of cross-reactivity. To achieve a comprehensive view of mite group 1 allergens, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of all the cysteine proteases in six astigmatic mite species to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of group 1 allergens. Based on the high-quality and annotated genomes, all the cysteine proteases in six astigmatic mite species were identified by sequence homology search. The phylogenetic relationships, gene synteny and expression levels were revealed by bioinformatic tools. The allergenicity of recombinant cysteine proteases was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tandem duplication was revealed as the major feature of cysteine protease gene evolution in astigmatic mites. The high IgE-binding capacity and the significant expression level of the cysteine protease DP_007902.01 suggested its potential as a novel group 1 allergen of D. pteronyssinus. In addition, gene decay events were identified in the skin-burrowing parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This comprehensive analysis provided insights into the evolution of cysteine proteases, as well as the component-resolved diagnosis of mite allergies.

Encapsulation of Neem oil from Azadirachta indica into Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) as a novel sprayable miticide system with long-term storage stability and controlled release kinetic

In this study, Neem oil (NO) was extracted from the seeds of Azadirachta indica as a natural miticide agent. To prolong the insecticidal activity and control the sustainable release, various concentrations of NO were encapsulated in poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) copolymers and high and low molecular weight (Mw) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAH and PVAL) microparticles (MPs) using the single and double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The effects of different parameters, such as the molecular weight of the stabilizing agent (PVA), stirring time, and polymer concentrations, on the size, stability, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and release kinetics of the MPs were investigated. The presence of NO in PLGA/PVA MPs was confirmed by a shift in the glass transition temperature (Tg) to lower temperatures in the DSC thermograph, the appearance of peaks at 2854 cm−1 in the FTIR spectrum, a peak at 205 nm in the UV–vis spectrum and a rough surface in SEM. Moreover, the release kinetics of the MPs demonstrated sustained release of NO over 48 h. In terms of MPs storage, temperature affected short-term stability, while long-term stability after one year in a dark environment at room temperature was confirmed by the particles' strength. The miticide assay on dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus revealed that MPs with the highest NO concentration (PLGA/PVAL/NO 65%) exhibited the most effective miticidal activity, achieving a 100% kill rate after 24 h. Finally, the colloidal dispersion and stability of the MPs over time were assessed using rheology, and the results confirmed the particles' spray ability for miticide application.

Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of aquaporin proteins in the European house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus

Aquaporins are highly conserved water channel proteins involved in the transport of solutes across membranes. The few aquaporins identified to date play major roles in excretion in insects. Excretion is a major source of indoor allergens from the house dust mite species, but, to date, aquaporins have not been well studied in these species. We used RNA sequencing to study the transcriptome of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus to identify putative aquaporin family members. RNA was isolated from more than 2000 mites for 5΄-RACE and 3΄-RACE. Putative aquaporins were identified through BLAST alignments, and primers were designed to amplify the five identified sequences. These cDNA fragments were then inserted into bacterial plasmids for molecular cloning and sequencing of DerpAQP1, DerpAQP2, DerpAQP3, DerpAQP4, and DerpAQP5 (GenBank accessions nos. KY305293, KY305294, KY305295, KY305296, and KY305298, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis of cloned sequences revealed the clustering of these putative aquaporins into two groups with human aquaporins (hAQPs): DerpAQP3 was clustered with hAQP8, hAQP11, and hAQP12; and DerpAQP1, DerpAQP2, DerpAQP4, DerpAQP5 were clustered with hAQP3, hAQP7 hAQP9, and hAQP10. This study provides a foundation for future studies of the importance of these proteins to dust mite functions and allergenicity.

Single sIgE for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) is a good screening tool for atopic sensitisation

Background: Limited publications evaluated the Phadiatop application for aeroallergen screen in allergic respiratory diseases (ARD) in Chinese. Our retrospective cohort studied the Phadiatop versus total IgE use in aeroallergen workups, and local aeroallergen sensitisation profiles by reviewing aeroallergen sIgE. We aimed to derive a cost-effective algorithm for ARD workup. Methods: The Phadiatop tests from 694 patients with ARD in 2010–2019 were retrospectively identified. Other associated workups including total IgE, and/or allergen specific sIgE (sIgE), if available, were retrieved and analysed. Besides, a further review was performed on 53 consecutive samples collected during January 2021, for aeroallergen screening. Cost effectiveness of the existing protocol (Phadiatop screening followed by individual aeroallergen characterisation) was compared with a new testing algorithm, which started with dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dp) allergy detection. Results: Positivity of Phadiatop and total IgE were 67.3% (n=694) and 66.7% (n=366), with overall agreement being 73.5% (269/366). 34.9% to 45.6% of asthmatic patients had elevated total IgE than Phadiatop. Dp was the most prevalent aeroallergen (> 90%), and its sIgE level correlated best with the Phadiatop sIgE level (R=0.99, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Screening by Dp sIgE is as sensitive as Phadiatop in aeroallergen screen but of lower running cost. It should be the approach in our locality. Reference 1. Vidal C, Boquete O, Fernández-Merino MC, et al. Evaluation of the phadiatop test in the diagnosis of allergic sensitization in a general adult population. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2005; 15: 124–130. 2. Zeng G, Haisheng H, Zheng P, et al. The practical benefit of Phadiatop test as the first-line in vitro allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) screening of aeroallergens among Chinese asthmatics: a validation study. Ann Translational Med 2018; 6: 151. 3. Sterner T, Uldahl A, Svensson A, et al. IgE sensitization in a cohort of adolescents in southern Sweden and its relation to allergic symptoms. Clin Molec Allergy 2019; 17: 6.

Validation en consultation spécialisée d’un autotest identifiant les patients allergiques aux acariens de la poussière de maison

The increase in the prevalence of allergies in recent decades and the numerous negative repercussions of late treatment lead us to look for more efficient diagnostic methods. House dust mite allergy accounts for more than 75% of paediatric respiratory allergies. The objective of this study is to validate in specialized consultation the new self-test of the brand ExAller to identify subjects allergic to house dust mites and to set up an adequate care. A prospective non-interventional study was carried out in 2020 on a Belgian population of 40 patients aged 3 years and 2 months to 18 years and 10 months. Upstream, we explained the principle of the self-test and obtained the informed consent of the parents. Each patient underwent an anamnesis to assess the likelihood of house dust mite allergy. Patients also underwent skin allergy tests using the prick test method, biology with specific immunoglobulins E to house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and farinae and the self-test. The self-test was compared to the results of the skin prick tests and specific immunoglobulins E. The self-test has a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 100%. This allows to validate in vivo the new ExAller self-test and to make it available to subjects potentially allergic to house dust mites.

Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen Der p 22: Cloning, expression, IgE‐binding in asthmatic children, and immunogenicity

Dust mite extract contains multiple components that, while useful in clinical allergy diagnosis and treatment, can cause serious side effects. Defining components of dust mite extract is important their contributions to allergic disease. This study aimed to characterize a novel dust mite allergen, Der p 22. We amplified the cDNA encoding Der p 22 from total RNA of the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and inserted it into an expression construct for transformation to competent cells. Purified recombinant (r) Der p 22 was tested for IgE-binding reactivity in sera obtained from children with allergic asthma by the Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu, China). rDer p 22 also was used to challenge BALB/c mice to assess effects on T helper cells and cytokine levels and applied to cultured lung epithelial cells to evaluate apoptosis and cytokine secretion. rDer p 22 bound to IgE in 93.75% of sera from pediatric allergic asthma patients. Mice challenged with rDer p 22 had altered Th1/Th2 ratios in spleen and lymph, and lower levels of cytokines IFN-γ but higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in alveolar lavage fluid compared with controls (p < .05). Cultured lung epithelial cells had greater apoptosis rates and exhibited higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF when treated with rDer p 22 compared with control treatment (p < .05). Recombinant Der p 22 exhibited high IgE-binding rates in allergic children, indicating the activity of the recombinant protein and suggesting this novel allergen may be appropriate for inclusion in an allergy diagnostic workup. This finding is supported by in vitro and mouse in vivo studies showing rDer p 22 induced strong allergenic reactivity and apoptosis.

Common allergens in patients of allergic rhinitis in Gandaki province of Nepal

Introduction: Atopic disorder is very common globally and in Nepal which has affected quality of life resulting into loss of working and school days. Change in lifestyle is one of the important recommendations for fighting back with allergy, which suggests for avoidance of allergens developing allergic rhinitis. The objectives of the study were to find out common allergic conditions in Pokhara, Nepal and to identify the allergens, which induced IgE mediated disorder. Methods: A retrospective study was done among the patients with different allergic disorders who were referred from different specialist clinic attending Pokhara ENT Center at Pokhara from January 2011 to December 2017. The study sample included 1810 patients to find the distribution of various allergic disorders among them. Further, a sample of 430 patients of allergic rhinitis who had undergone skin prick test according to international guidelines were included in order to find out the common allergens among them. Set of allergens included in this study were mites, pollen, fungus, insects, dusts, epithelia-danders, feather &amp; fabric, non-juicy foods, and juicy foods. These nine allergen types further included several allergens. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using Stata 15.1. The study was done from after taking ethical clearance from the institutional ethical committee of Gandaki medical college. Results: Among various types of allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis accounted for one fourth (23.8%) of the cases. The patients with allergic rhinitis who underwent skin prick test against various allergens were evaluated. Skin prick test positive test result were seen for non-juicy foods (96%), pollens (95%) and then juicy foods (93%). On the contrary, least percentage (13.72%) of people were found positive against feather &amp; fabrics. Radish (7.7%) and snake gourd (6.99%) were only two juicy vegetables against which people were found positive in skin prick test. Among non-juicy foods, tobacco was the commonest allergens which was reported positive in skin prick test of 16% people. Pollen of Zea mays, Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica and Prosopis juliflora were top allergens diagnosed positive among 12.65%, 10.95%, 7.79%, and 7.54% of people respectively. The mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus yielded highest prevalence (69.36%) of positive test. Conclusions: Based upon the findings of our study, allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases in Gandaki province, Nepal. Patients of allergic rhinitis should be tested for certain allergens which are locally present and they need to modify lifestyle and avoid allergens which can induce IgE-mediated disorder. Further research is needed to establish causation.

Participation of MAPK and PI3K in Regulation of Cytokine Secretion by Peripheral Blood Monocular Cells in Response to Escherichia coli LPS and rDer p 2 Combination.

Search for the effective approaches to treat acute inflammation caused by combination of allergens and infectious agents is an important task for public health worldwide. House dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are the source of allergens of the Der p groups and of microbial compounds, in particular, lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS and Der p 2 induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines via activation of kinases p38 MAPK, MEK1/2, and PI3K. Participation of these kinases in the regulation of cells response to combined exposure to LPS and Der p 2 has not been sufficiently studied. We studied the effects of kinases (p38 MAPK, MEK1/2, and PI3K) inhibition on secretion of cytokines (TNF, IL-8, and IL-6) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy volunteers in response to E. coli LPS and rDer p 2. Contribution of kinases to the regulation of cell response to different agents (rDer p 2 and/or LPS) was revealed. It was found that p38 MAPK plays a key role in the regulation of secretion TNF by PBMC in response to the combination of LPS and rDer p 2. MEK1/2-dependent signaling is the main pathway for the synthesis of TNF and IL-8 in response to LPS and rDer p 2. PI3K-dependent signaling negatively regulates TNF production during rDer p 2-induced cell activation, but is not involved in the response to the combination of LPS and rDer p 2. PI3K-dependent signaling in the regulation of PBMC cytokine synthesis is most pronounced in response to their activation by rDer p 2. Understanding the mechanisms of immune cell responses to combinations of inflammatory agents could facilitate the search for new intracellular targets for anti-inflammatory therapy.

Sustained Eosinophilic Cholangitis Due to a Mite Allergy Mimicking Sclerosing Cholangitis.

Eosinophilic cholangiopathy (EC) presents with thickening and stenosis of the bile duct wall that is histologically characterized by eosinophil infiltration. The diagnosis is often difficult. We herein report a patient who had been followed up with a diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis but had a final diagnosis of EC based on eosinophilia, histological findings of bile duct and liver biopsy specimens, and a review of a previous surgical specimen of the gallbladder. Antigen tests, isolation from her house, and accidental re-exposure to the antigen revealed that the causative antigen was the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.

Actual questions of standardization of water-salt extracts of house dust mites mixed allergens intended for medicinal forms of sublingual immunotherapy

Background: Standardization of medical forms of allergens is the process of establishing and applying a unified system of quality indicators and control methods. Quality control of therapeutic forms of allergens is an essential condition for guaranteeing the clinical efficacy and safety of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). The technology for obtaining the granular form of the mixed allergen from house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) for oral use was developed in the laboratory of allergens Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera.&#x0D; Aims: to determine the authenticity of the anphenolic water-salt extract of the mixed allergen from mites Der p and Der f, intended for the therapeutic form of the drug.&#x0D; Materials and methods: Standardization of the obtained allergen extract was carried out by protein nitrogen unit by the Nessler method. The protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to study the presence of protein composition in mixed allergen. The pH value was determined potentiometrically. The comparison of the specific activity of the standard allergen and the experimental mixed allergen was carried out by the method of reverse immunoassay (REAST).&#x0D; Results: SDS-PAGE showed the preservation of the protein profile of the water-salt extract of the mixed allergen Der p and Der f, corresponding to the protein profile of allergens of house dust mites. There were no statistically significant differences in the optical density of the studied allergen (four drug series) and the standard allergen with reference serums containing specific IgE to Der p or Der f when reacting with a Class 3 reference serum in REAST(р0,05).&#x0D; Conclusions: The above in accordance with the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV edition is a confirmation of the authenticity of the drug. Not phenolic extraction did not affect the main allergenic components of the mixed allergen Der p and Der f and allowed it to maintain a high degree of specificity.

Validation of a commercial allergen microarray platform for specific immunoglobulin E detection of respiratory and plant food allergens

BackgroundAs the use of multiplex-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) detection methods becomes increasingly widespread, proper comparative validation assessments of emerging new platforms are vital. ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical and technical performance of a newly introduced microarray platform, Allergy Explorer (ALEX) (MacroArray Diagnostics), in the diagnosis of pollen (cypress, grass, olive), dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), mold (Alternaria alternata), fruit (apple, peach), and nut (walnut, hazelnut and peanut) allergies and to compare it with those of the ImmunoCAP Immuno Solid-phase Allergen Chip (ISAC) 112 microarray and the ImmunoCAP singleplex method (ThermoFisher Scientific). MethodsWe enrolled 153 patients with allergy and 16 controls without atopy. The sIgE assays were conducted using ISAC112, ALEX version 2 (ALEX2), and ImmunoCAP for whole extracts and major components. Technical validation of ALEX2 was performed by measuring repeatability and interassay, interbatch, and interlaboratory reproducibility. ResultsWhen measured globally (detection by 1 or more allergen components), ALEX2 had adequate sensitivity and specificity for most of the allergens studied, comparable in general with that of ISAC112 (except for olive pollen and walnut) and similar to that of ImmunoCAP whole extract measurements. Component-by-component analysis revealed comparable results for all techniques, except for Ole e 1 and Jug r 3, in both ISAC112 and ImmunoCAP comparisons, and Alt a 1, when compared with ISAC112. Continuous sIgE levels correlate with sIgE by ImmunoCAP. Good reproducibility and repeatability were observed for ALEX2. ConclusionALEX2 has sound technical performance and adequate diagnostic capacity, comparable in general with that of ISAC112 and ImmunoCAP.

Identification of polyester toys dust mites

The importance of the surrounding environment and ecological microcosms to determine identification of mites in this particular polyester toys because these objects have the necessary criteria survival and reproduction of different kinds of mites, most people have them and are propitious source so that people can develop atopic vulnerably or exacerbate allergic reactions. Objective: To identify dust mites on polyester toys. Materials and methods. This work is descriptive, cross-section. Period: January to February 2021. Study population: 55 toys Polyester, 51 samples were observed under a microscope Karl Zeiss stereoscope, we used the method of Hart and Fain. Results. Mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the most identified, appeared in 30 (58.8%) positive samples.

Non-atopic Neonatal Thymic Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3) Identification and the Modulatory Effect of IgG From Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus (Derp)-Atopic Individuals.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are classified into distinct subsets termed ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3 cells. The existing literature lacks evidence identifying ILCs and their subsets in the human thymus but already demonstrates that they can exert several functions in regulating immune responses. Furthermore, it was already described that IgG's repertoires could modulate lymphocytes' maturation in the human thymus. Here we aimed to identify ILCs subsets in the human thymus and provide insight into the possible modulatory effect of purified IgG on these cells. Thymic tissues were obtained from 12 infants without an allergic background (non-atopic), and a literature-based peripheral ILCs staining protocol was used. Purified IgG was obtained from non-atopic individuals (n-At), atopic individuals reactive to allergens non-related to dust mites (nr-At), and atopic individuals reactive to the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Derp-At). As with all tissues in which they have already been detected, thymic ILCs are rare, but we could detect viable ILCs in all tested tissues, which did not occur with the ILC1 subset. ILC2 and ILC3 NKp44+ subsets could be detected in all evaluated thymus, but ILC3 NKp44- subset could not. Next, we observed that Derp-At IgG could induce the expression of ILC2 phenotype, higher levels of IL-13, and lower levels of IL-4 when compared to IgG purified from non-atopic or non-related atopic (atopic to allergens excluding dust mites) individuals. These results contribute to the elucidation of human thymic ILCs and corroborate emerging evidence about IgG's premature effect on allergy development-related human lymphocytes' modulation.

Clinical utility of immunological methods based on the singleplex and multiplex ImmunoCap systems for diagnosis of shrimp allergy.

BackgroundLevels of specific IgE (sIgE) against allergen components can be assessed using multiplex assays or with highly sensitive, quantitative methods. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of different immunological methods for diagnosis of shrimp allergy.MethodsTwenty patients with positive skin prick tests for frozen tiger shrimp were selected for further examination. Blood samples were taken to assess concentrations of sIgE against the house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, shrimp allergen extract, allergen components Der p 1, Der p 2 and Pan a 1 (ImmunoCap), and the ImmunoCap ISAC 112 panel.ResultsAll patients had elevated levels of sIgE against shrimp and D pteronyssinus. Eight patients were sensitized to Pen m 1, three patients were sensitized to Pen m 2, and two patients were sensitized to Pen m 4 (ISAC). ImmunoCap ISAC detected shrimp sensitization in 50% of patients. There was a strong correlation between concentrations of sIgE against Pen m1 and Der p 10 detected by ImmunoCap.ConclusionsThe singleplex ImmunoCap system remains the reference diagnostic method, but in the case of shrimp allergy ImmunoCap ISAC provided better insight into patient allergen profiles.

Cockroach-induced IL9, IL13, and IL31 expression and the development of allergic asthma in urban children

Cockroach-induced IL9, IL13, and IL31 expression and the development of allergic asthma in urban children

Análisis de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad tipo I a los lepidópteros nocturnos en una población alérgica costarricense

Allergic patients are routinely tested for various allergens including molds, food, pollen, cockroaches and house dust mites; however, there are patients who present allergy symptoms but show negative results in Prick tests with the available allergens. To determine the percentage of patients sensitized to the nocturnal Lepidoptera and its role as an important environmental allergen. A retrospective analysis was carried out in which we determined the percentage of patients allergic to nocturnal Lepidoptera, house dust mites (Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae) and insects (Periplaneta americana and Musca domestica). Also, we analyzed the demographics and symptoms of the patients. 63% of the patients were allergic to house dust mites, 39% to nocturnal Lepidoptera, 28% to Periplaneta americana and 24% to Musca domestica. Also, 2% of the patients allergic to only one allergen were mono-sensitized to nocturnal Lepidoptera. We strongly recommend that allergists constantly test for nocturnal Lepidoptera, because most of the studied patients had allergy to these insects.