Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium Research Articles

Elleanthus ollgaardii (Orchidaceae), a New Species from Ecuador

In 1984, Benjamin Ollgaard and his colleagues during their expedition to Ecuador discovered a new species of Elleanthus (Orchidaceae). They deposited the original material in the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium but they failed to publish a description of their discovery. A few years later in 1991, Calaway H. Dodson named it Elleanthus ollgardii on the herbarium sheet but again no description was published. Based on our studies and comparisons with other herbarium materials we validate and illustrate E. ollgaardii Dudek & Szlach. as a species new to science.

Phylogenetic and geographic distribution of nickel hyperaccumulation in neotropical Psychotria

Hyperaccumulation of heavy metals in plants has never been documented from Central America or Mexico. Psychotria grandis, P. costivenia, and P. glomerata (Rubiaceae) have been reported to hyperaccumulate nickel in the Greater Antilles, but they also occur widely across the neotropics. The goals of this research were to investigate the geographic distribution of hyperaccumulation in these species and explore the phylogenetic distribution of hyperaccumulation in this clade by testing related species. Portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy was used to analyze 565 specimens representing eight species of Psychotria from the Missouri Botanical Garden herbarium. Nickelhyperaccumulation was found in specimens of Psychotria costivenia ranging from Mexico to Costa Rica and in specimens of P. grandis from Guatemala to Ecuador and Venezuela. Among related species, nickel hyperaccumulation is reported for the first time in P. lorenciana and P. papantlensis, but no evidence of hyperaccumulation was found in P. clivorum, P. flava, or P. pleuropoda. Previous reports of hyperaccumulation in P. glomerata appear to be erroneous, resulting from taxonomic synonymy and specimen misidentification. Hyperaccumulation of nickel by Psychotria is now known to occur widely from southern Mexico through Central America to northwestern South America, including some areas not known to have ultramafic soils. Novel aspects of this research include the successful prediction of new hyperaccumulator species based on molecular phylogeny, use of XRF technology to nondestructively obtain elemental data from herbarium specimens, and documentation of previously unknown areas of ultramafic or nickel-rich soil based on such data.

Liliopsida, Cyperaceae, Cephalocarpus confertus Gilly, Guyana Shield, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela

The genus Cephalocarpus (Cyperaceae), of South American distribution is represented by four species. The present work extends the distribution of Cephalocarpus cofertus Gilly based on analysis of samples from the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium, literature and online databases. As a result this species is reported for Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela and is removed from the endemic status for Venezuela.

Tardigrada of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

Relatively little is known of the Tardigrada fauna of China, and there are no previous tardigrade records for Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China's largest administrative division. Moss specimens of the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium (St. Louis, U.S.A.) were used as a source of tardigrades from this region. Of the 270 moss specimens sampled, 78 yielded tardigrades. Species found were Bryodelphax asiaticus, Cornechiniscus holmeni, Echiniscus blumi, Echiniscus canadensis, Echiniscus granulatus, Echiniscus testudo, Echiniscus trisetosus, Macrobiotus alekseevi, Macrobiotus mauccii, Milnesium asiaticum, Milnesium longiungue, and Milnesium tardigradum. Of the species found, the Heterotardigrada are better represented, which is probably a reflection of the higher altitudes at which the samples were taken and the arid environment of the region; the species found are primarily ones considered to be xerophilic or montane. Seven species new to China are reported.

Specimen deaccessions from the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium during the tenure of Robert E. Woodson (1948‐1963)

SummarySolomon, J. C: Specimen deaccessions from the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium during the tenure of Robert E. Woodson (1948‐1963). – Taxon 47: 663‐680. 1998. – ISSN 0040‐0262.During the period 1948‐1963, a minimum of 127, 108 mounted herbarium specimens were deaccessioned from the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium under the direction of Robert E. Woodson and distributed by exchange or sale to at least 48 botanical institutions throughout the world. Some of these specimens were true duplicates, but many, including some types, were not. In addition, an unknown quantity of specimens, numbering perhaps in the tens of thousands, was discarded. A summary of the number of specimens deaccessioned, the nature of the material sent, and the recipient institutions is presented. An account is also given of the 63,853 specimens that have been returned to the Garden and reincorporated into the collection.

Illinois Solanaceae in the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium and Biographical Sketches of Some Collectors

Nine species of Physalis from Illinois, including one previously unrecorded from Illinois, are in MO. The nomenclature for the Illinois Physalis used in this paper follows Mohlenbrock (1975). Most significant of the collections is a specimen of texana Rydb. The specimen, collected by George Engelmann from St. Clair County, represents the only known Illinois collection. This collection apparently has never been recorded in the literature, even though it bears an annotation label by A. Rydberg. Rydberg studied the United States species of Physalia during the last part of the nineteenth century. He published his findings in 1896 in the Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. In that work, Rydberg described texana from Texas, citing a collection by Heller as the type. He also cited a Lindheimer collection from Texas, a duplicate of which is in MO, and annotated by Rydberg. It is interesting to note that although Rydberg had annotated the Illinois specimen P. texana sp. nov. ?, he failed to cite the collection in his work. The Illinois specimen is extremely close in appearance to

New Records of Apocynaceae for Panama and the Choco

Tabernaemontana pendula and T. iongipes, synonymized under T. chrysocarpa in the Flora of Panama, are recognized as distinct from it. Stemmadenia allenii was originally described from fruiting and flowering material of different species, one of whichthe most common wet-forest species of the genus in Panama-is now described as S. minima A. Gentry. The first South American record of the North American Tabernaemontana arborea, the first North American record of the South American Odontadenia cognata, and the reconfirmation of the occurrence of Fosteronia myriantha in Panama are reported. Panamanian plants referred to Tabernaemontana chrysocarpa in the Flora of Panama treatment (Nowicke, 1970) prove to represent three distinct species. These three species, somewhat similar on the basis of floral characteristics, are easily separated by vegetative and fruiting characters. Tabernaemontana pendula Woodson This species was described from a single specimen from El Valle (Allen 1734). It was compared by Woodson (1940) with T. amygdalifolia Jacq. because of its exserted anthers but lumped with T. chrysocarpa, a species characterized by included or subexserted anthers, by Nowicke (1970) in the Flora of Panama. Tabernaemontana pendula has a much longer peduncle than either T. amygdalifolia or T. chrysocarpa. It also has wider, more elliptical leaves and a characteristically wrinkled-reticulate fruit surface. The long peduncle is also obvious in fruit. The fruit, previously undescribed, is similar in shape to that of T. chrysocarpa. Two additional collections of this species, both in fruit, are now at hand. These are Mori et al. 1912 from La Mesa (above El Valle), Cocle Province, and Mori & Kallunki 2028 from the Rio Guanche area of Colon Province. Tabernaemontana longipes Donnell Smith This species was described from Costa Rica and has been thought endemic to that country. It is closely related to T. chrysocarpa and the Panamanian specimens of T. longipes were included with that species in the Flora of Panama. Vegetatively T. longipes differs from T. chrysocarpa in its elliptic leaves, always broadest near the middle; the latter has narrowly obovate to oblanceolate-elliptic leaves, broadest above the middle. The fruit of T. longipes, previously undescribed, is very distinctive with a verrucose muricate-ridged surface quite unlike the smooth, papillose or finely reticulate-ridged fruits of other Panamanian species of Tabernaemontana and Stemmadenia. I have seen no fruits of this 'Supported by NSF grant 01P75-18202. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. ANN. MissoURI BOT. GARD. 64: 320-323. 1977. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.153 on Mon, 19 Sep 2016 04:39:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1977] GENTRY-APOCYNACEAE 321 species from Costa Rica, but the Costa Rican and Panamanian collections seem indistinguishable on the basis of vegetative and floral characters. Tabernaemontana longipes has been collected in Panama only above El Valle de Anton, Cocle Province, where it is locally very common. It is represented by thirteen collections from El Valle in the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium including all the Cocle Province collections cited as T. chrysocarpa in the Flora of Panama except Allen 1734 which is T. pendula (see above). The additional collections of this species-Kennedy et al. 3035, Liesner 747, Croat 14383, Gentry & Dwyer 3612, and Gentry 6873-were all identified and distributed as T. chryso-

Genetic Similarity Between Gaura longiflora and Its Obligately Outcrossing Derivative G. demareei

Genetic Similarity Between Gaura longiflora and Its Obligately Outcrossing Derivative G. demareei

Some Collections Deposited in the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium, 1960-1969

Prior to the 1950's a yearly list of the noteworthy collections received by the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium was included in the Annual of the Director published in the Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin. The practice was discontinued in 1949. In the Annual Report for 1966 and in subsequent reports a few of the accessions for each year were cited. In order to complete the published record for the past decade and to expand the recent abbreviated listings in the Bulletin, the following list of accessions by the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium in the years 1960 through 1969 was compiled. The data were taken primarily from the Herbarium's Index to Collectors, a typewritten list of the names and collecting localities of collectors whose exsiccatae are housed in the Herbarium, and secondarily from the Herbarium exchange and purchase records. In the past the practice has been to include a name in the list of collectors only if a minimum number of specimens (approximately four), or type specimens, were received. This is simply a labor-saving device which avoids the tedious listing of miscellaneous student collections of two specimens sometimes received on exchange. The Herbarium exchange and purchase records, being kept according to institution rather than collector, rarely supplied additional information. In gathering data for the list two criteria were used: (1) collecting dates between 1960 and 1969 and (2) recent entries in the Index to and the Herbarium exchange and purchase records. Some sets of collections made prior to 1960 have only lately been received by the Herbarium; they were identified by the personal recollection of the author, by handwritten entries in the typed collectors lists, or by a note in the exchange records. An inherent problem in the compilation of any listing of collectors is misspelled names and incorrect or missing initials. An attempt was made to check the spellings of surnames and to obtain the correct initials using Index Herbariorum I. The Herbaria of the \W7orld. Ed. 5. (Regnum Veg. 31. 1964), Index Herbariorum II. Collectors A-D (Regnum Veg. 2. 1954) and Part II. Collectors E-H (Regnum Veg. 9. 1957), the American Society of Plant Taxonomists' Index to Current Taxonomic Research, No. 6 (June, 1970, mimeographed), and the membership list of the International Association of Plant Taxonomists (Taxon 17: 749-796. 1968). Pertinent published floras were also consulted. The greatest gap in the present list may be in the area of recent acquisitions of older specimens. Aly knowledge of the collections dates from 1966, and the Index to was retyped in that year. During retyping all of the latelyreceived-but-earlier-collected accessions wvere mingled into the same non-committal

Cytogeography of Claytonia virginica and Its Allies

On the basis of chromosome numbers from more than 1,000 individuals of Claytonia virginica L. (Portulacaceae) throughout its range, a complex evolution of major cytotypes is discussed in relation to distribution and morphology. Chromosomal diversity is thought to have evolved from a base of n 6 by hyperaneuploidy to n 7 and 8 with each race giving rise to widespread and dominant primary tetraploids (n 12, 14, 16). These in turn, and largely by hypoaneuploidy, formed many secondary tetraploid races, the most significant of which are n = 11 and 15. Higher polyploids from 6x to 12x where x = 6, and 6x and 8x where x = 7 are also discussed. Infraspecific phylogeny is compared with data for two allied species, C. caroliniana Michx. and C. lanceolata Pursh, which show striking parallels with C. virginica in chromosomal evolution. By one morphological character, leaf width, the cytotypes separate into two groups, not along diploid vs. polypoid lines, but rather a narrow-leafed var. acutiflora DC. with n = 6, 7, 12?, and 14? and a broad-leafed var. virginica with n = 8 and 16?. From collections made throughout eastern North America over 1,000 plants of Claytonia virginica L. (Portulacaceae) have been examined chromosomally. With the exception of Rothwell (1959) earlier studies have been limited in scope although all have made a substantial contribution to a cytogeographic understanding of the species (Bell, 1965; Davis & Bowmer, 1966; Lewis, 1959, 1962, 1967; Lewis et al., 1962, 1967; Rothwell & Kump, 1965). While these studies illustrated a wide diversity of chromosome number for C. virginica (2n12 to ca 191) none was extensive enough to indicate total distribution of all major cytotypes; rather only for a few from very limited areas, viz. dominance of x 7 in eastern Texas (Lewis, 1962), x = 8 in Indiana (Rothwell, 1959), and n= 12 and 15 in the St. Louis, Missouri area (Lewis et al., 1967). We shall attempt with our additional data to present the distribution of cytotypes occuring in the eastern half of the continent and to suggest their probable evolution. Cytogeography and evolution of C. virginica will be compared with several allied species as well as briefly with the primitive species of Claytonia. In addition gross morphological diversity will be correlated with the various cytotypes and discussed in relation to distribution. Cytological procedures followed those of Lewis (1962) and voucher specimens for each population were collected and are housed in the Missouri Botanical Garden herbarium (MO). 'Senior Fellow and Research Associates, Center for the Biology of Natural Systems, supported by Public Health Grant No. 1 P10 ES 00139-01 ERT. ANN. MISSOURI BOT. GARD. 54(2): 153-171, 1967. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.113 on Wed, 05 Oct 2016 04:20:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms [VOL. 54 154 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Type Collections of African Rubiaceous Taxa at the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium

Type Collections of African Rubiaceous Taxa at the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium

Notes on the Spinulose Wood-Ferns

lowlands of southeastern Missouri. This is in accordance with our previous record, for the only locality known for it in the state was in Butler County, over two hundred miles eastward. So its discovery in a rocky upland station in western Missouri only a few miles from the Kansas border is of unusual interest. The collection record is as follows: E. J. Palmer, no. 53158, wet springy ground below sandstone ledge, along Horse Creek, 3 miles northeast of Milford, Barton Co., September 22, 1951, alt. approximately 270 meters. A second collection was made at the same locality, under no. 53205, September 25, 1951. Collections of the plants discussed above are to be found in the Chicago Natural History Museum Herbarium, and it is planned to send duplicate material to Gray Herbarium, Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium, and the United States National Herbarium. The Marsilea and Woodwardia collections are also to be found in the private herbarium of the senior author. WEBB CITY, MISSOURI, AND CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM AND MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

Studies in the Umbelliferae. II

Neoparryal n. gen. of the Umbelliferae. Herbaceous, acaulescent perennial. Leaves pinnatisect. Inflorescence spreading; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucre absent; involucel of small, inconspicuous bracts. Calyx teeth persistent. Stylopodium lacking. Fruit oblong, glabrous; ribs slightly developed; oil tubes small, numerous, scattered in the pericarp; strengthening cells absent. The type species is Neoparrya lithophila,2 n. sp. Plate 33. Seseli Nuttallii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 287. 1870, as to Parry collection, No. 83. Plant acaulescent, about 1.5 din. high; leaves petiolate, oblonglanceolate in outline, 8-10 cm. long, about 2.5 cm. broad, somewhat rigid, glabrous, ultimate segments linear, 5-20 mm. long; umbels several-rayed, rays 0.5-1.5 cm. long; involucel bracts linear-lanceolate, about 3 mm. long; styles 2-3 mm. long, persistent; fruit 3-5 mm. long, lateral and dorsal ribs inconspicuous. Type specimen: Dr. C. C. Parry 83, on rocks, Huefano Mountains, New Mexico, Sept. 1867 (TYPE in the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; isotypes in the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium).

Higher Fungi of the Hawaiian Islands

The fungi enumerated in the present list consist of the Basidiomycetes collected by Professor F. L. Stevens in the Hawaiian Islands during the summer of 1921, and of the fungi in the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Herbarium which were brought to the United States for study in connection with the Stevens collections. Most of the specimens from the Museum were collected by Professor C. N. Forbes. The 150 numbers which comprise this lot of specimens belong to 61 species; more than three-fifths of the specimens and nearly half of the species are Polypores; 11 per cent, or the 7 species, Lepiota xylophila, Crepidotus rhizomorphus, Fomes hawaiensis, Fomes fasciculatus, Poria fasciculata, Corticium granulare, and Epithele hydnoides, are regarded as indigenous. Lepiota xylophila Pk. and Fomes hawaiensis Forbes were described several years ago; the other 5 species named above are now described as new. Of the species fully determined, which occur in other countries besides the Hawaiian Islands, about 43 per cent are of cosmopolitan distribution, 13 per cent are confined to tropical regions of both America and Asia and East Indies, 2412 per cent occur in the Philippines and East Indies but not in America so far as known at present, and about 6 per cent of the species are regarded as indigenous members of the fungal flora of the north temperate region of North America. Hence the purely North American component in the higher fungal flora of the Hawaiian Islands is hardly a fourth as great as that of Asiatic, East Indian, and Philippine sources, so far as the present small number of species show. In accordance with the instructions received, a portion of each specimen, if sufficiently ample, has been retained in the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium and the remainder returned to