Missing Dimensions Research Articles

Thermodynamically informed graph for interpretable and extensible machine learning: Martensite start temperature prediction

A common challenge in accelerated material design is to apply machine learning (ML) methods that can handle data with different structures and dimensions, and also provide physical interpretability. Unfortunately, most existing ML methods are ‘black box’ models incapable of providing physical interpretation or dealing with missing dimensions data that are often encountered in materials science. To overcome this challenge, we propose an interpretable and extensible machine learning framework based on thermodynamically informed graphs and deep data mining from graph neural networks. We demonstrate our framework on the problem of predicting the martensite start (Ms) temperature, which depends on various factors (composition, austenite grain size, and outfield conditions). We construct a thermodynamically informed graph that captures the quantitative relationships between these factors and the Ms temperature using limited and incomplete data. The prediction results indicate that our framework provides clear physical insights because the thermodynamic mechanisms are embedded in the thermodynamic representation graph. Our framework has several advantages: 1) it incorporates thermodynamic mechanisms into the graph structure, 2) it can handle missing dimensions data by filling in the gaps with graph information, and 3) it can be easily extended to new features without requiring much additional data for training. Moreover, we derive a general empirical equation for the Ms temperature prediction from the trained graph neural networks for practical applications.

Performance and Weight Parameters Calculation for Hydrogen- and Battery-Powered Aircraft Concepts

This article describes the creation of a program that would be useful for calculating mathematical models in order to estimate the weight of aircraft components. Using several parameters, it can calculate other parameters of civil transport aircraft powered by batteries or fuel cells. The main goals of this research were to add the missing dimensions and parameters to the aircraft database, create a simple but effective program for creating mathematical models, and use this program to find technological barriers to battery or hydrogen fuel-cell-powered aircraft concepts. The article introduces the reader to the problem of calculating OEW (operating empty weight) using Breguet–Leduc equations. A calculation model was created for OEW calculation. The result of this work is the verification of a mathematical model for battery-powered electric aircraft of the CS-23 (European Aviation Safety Agency Certification Specification for Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Commuter Category Aeroplanes) category by comparing the program’s outputs with real aircraft. Subsequently, the results of mathematical models are shown in graphs that specify the space of possible concepts of aircraft powered by batteries or fuel cells, sorted by the number of passengers and the range of the aircraft, delimited by two or three criteria, respectively.

State of the art and future directions in assessing the quality of life in rare and complex connective tissue and musculoskeletal diseases.

BackgroundAs chronic conditions, rare and complex connective tissue and musculoskeletal diseases (rCTDs) significantly affect the quality of life generating an impact on the physical, psychological, social, and economic dimensions of the patients’ lives, having implications on the family, changing the lifestyle and interpersonal relationships. Traditionally, generic and disease-specific measures for Quality of Life (QoL) provide valuable information to clinicians since QoL affects healthcare services utilization, predicts morbidities and mortalities, workability, etc. Moreover, the assessment of unmet clinical needs, satisfaction, the experience with the treatment and the care, the psychological dimensions, and the effects of the diseases, such as fatigue, could represent valuable dimensions to be considered in the QoL impact assessment. It is also necessary to measure the impact of rCTDs by considering the perspectives of family members/informal caregivers, for instance considering values, beliefs, experiences, life circumstances, psychological aspects, family relationships, economic issues, changes in social activities, etc.ObjectiveThe aim of this scoping review is to better understand the status of QoL metrics used in clinical and economic research for the assessment of the individual’s perspective on living with rCTDs.Research questionWhat are the main challenges in QoL measures (and/or) measurement/assessment in rCTDs?Materials and methodsScoping review of the literature referring to QoL measures in rCTDs. Database: PUBMED, ISI-Web of Science; last date: 21/09/2021.ResultsAnxiety and depression, body image satisfaction, daily activity, fatigue, illness perception, pain, personality, QoL, resilience, satisfaction with the relationship, self-management, sexual QoL, sleep quality, social support, stress, uncertainty, and work productivity are the observed dimensions covered by the included studies. However, “more shadows than lights” can summarize the review’s outcome in terms of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) domains covered for each of the rCTDs. Also, for those diseases characterized by a relatively high prevalence and incidence, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sjögren’s Syndrome, and Systemic Sclerosis, the analysis of patients’ resilience, satisfaction with the quality of the relationship, personality, and stress are still missing dimensions. It has been observed how reducing items, increasing the number of domains, and disease-specific questionnaires characterize the “technological trajectory,” such as the evolution of questionnaires’ characteristics for assessing QoL and QoL-related dimensions and the burden of rCTDs.ConclusionThe scoping review presents an overview of studies focused on questionnaires used to evaluate the different dimensions of quality of life in terms of general instruments and disease-specific questionnaires. Future research should include the co-design with patients, caregivers, and patient representatives to create questionnaires focused on the unmet needs of people living with rCTDs.

The Compatibility of SDGs with Maqasid al-Shariah: Are there any Missing Goals

Abstract 
 After the partial success of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs -2015), the UNDP has introduced Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs – 2030) for next fifteen years. The seventeen goals of SDGs are adopted at much broader level by almost all members of UN. These goals cover mainly three dimensions of social, economic and environment in the context of sustainability of resources and life on earth. The Muslims constitutes more than 1/4th of world population with fifty seven sovereign states. This paper is an attempt to evaluate sustainable development goals in the light of Islamic approach to human survival and resource sustainability. The Islamic vision of peace, progress and its continuity has backed by early Muslim thinkers in the form of Maqasid al-Shariah. The objective of this paper is to provide relevance of SDGs with Maqasid al-Shariah as well as to identify the gaps wherever exist in the light of universality of Islamic teachings. The study elucidates on SDGs to reestablish the subject of the goals from primary Shariah sources. Subsequently, the issue of important missing goals and dimensions when compared with axioms of Maqasid al-Shariah is provided. These are related to justice, ethics, character and humanity, which will make SDGs unique and universal. This is a distinctive study of its kind in which an attempt has been made to augment the globally recognized socioeconomic objectives of SDGs with most significant dimensions and aspects. Consequently, it will help for better understanding and applicability of sustainable development goals of UNDP in Muslim societies.

On the Limits of Rentier State Theory: An epistemological Insight

For decades, The rentier state theory has provided the most popular explanations for the sociopolitical dynamics in the Arab Gulf states, however, due to the rapid transformations in the Gulf societies in recent years, the theory went under severe critiques especially after its failure to predict the emergence of a new Gulf social contract after the oil crisis of 2014. This essay has tried to shed the light on one of the missing dimensions of these critiques by arguing that this failure might have occurred because the rentier state theory adhered to an obsolete epistemological paradigm of modernity that was incapable of dealing with such a complex social phenomenon from the beginning. Also, seeking epistemic healing, the essay highlighted the most recent shift in the philosophy of science toward a complexity paradigm and referred to its potentials to exceed the limits of the rentier paradigm.

The Missing Dimensions of the Human Capabilities Approach: Collective and Productive

In this paper we identify two missing dimensions of the Human Capabilities Approach (HCA)—the collective and the productive—and in doing so we advance a ‘productionist’ perspective on development, centred around the idea of ‘collective productive capabilities’. Bringing production back to the core of the development agenda calls for an integration of the HCA and those contributions which have focused their attention on the social, economic and institutional processes of learning, centred around productive organisations and systems. The lack of this focus on collective productive capabilities undermined the Millenium Development Goals Agenda and is still having negative impacts on the ways in which the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda is understood and implemented.

Local experiences on Instagram: Social media data as source of evidence for experience design.

Abstract Local experience is a complex and subjective concept, which has moved from the simple consumption of products (e.g. local products and local activities) to a wide range of social interactions in both the real and digital world (e.g. localhood). In these times of experience economy, destinations will often compete in offering their distinctive local experiences and designing experiences has become crucial in destination management and marketing. To design and deliver local experiences, destinations need to be supported by methodological innovation and updated data sources. Social media can satisfy these requirements, because it contains user-generated content about human experiences. Nevertheless, limited research has been conducted, to date to understand the potential of social media in experience design. The purpose of this paper is to explore how user-generated content can contribute to design thinking. In agreement with the principle that ‘everyone can – and does – design’ this paper investigates local experiences in the social media environment, in which everyone can co-produce information. The paper first reviews the concepts of ‘local’ and ‘local experiences’ in the academic literature and then expands the research into the discussion of social media, investigating secondary data posted by users with #local∗ and #localexperience∗. Instagram is one of the most used platforms in the world and it was selected based on previous research conducted on local experiences. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of what and who is associated to local experiences, suggesting that social media can provide new knowledge by expanding on existing topics and introducing missing dimensions as the basis for a holistic understanding of experiences. Local experiences on Instagram are related to traveling and associated with outdoor activities and local people. The analysis reveals insights into the use of hashtags in Instagram: #localexperience∗ is largely employed by professional accounts to brand tourism activities, contrary to #local∗ which is preferred by the vast majority of users in posting everyday life images. User-generated content is presented as a resource for experience design to enhance destination marketing and management. A method for data mining and content analysis of Instagram textual data (hashtags, comments and user profiles) is presented to foster research and comparison among social media platforms, as a way to address future directions in tourism design management and to develop implications to destination management.

The Prosperity Gospel of Coronavirus Response

AbstractThe sweep of the coronavirus pandemic across the world and the United States offers an almost unparalleled opportunity to study how social systems cope with the threat and opportunities for collective action. In this paper, we draw on survey data collected as the United States flailed in response and before a general consensus among executive officeholders developed in the following weeks. In particular, we assess how holding prosperity gospel views strongly shaped perceptions of the virus and reactions to state responses to the virus. Research on the prosperity gospel is slowly expanding and this paper helps to highlight some missing dimensions. At a time when concerted action for the social good could be uniting the country, prosperity gospel beliefs systematically undermine that possibility by augmenting threat, raising outgroup barriers, and decreasing social trust.

Missing Dimensions of Poverty? Calibrating Deprivation Scales Using Perceived Financial Situation

AbstractDeprivation scales usually cover some but not all aspects of poverty. Missing dimensions could affect who is and is not identified as poor. Despite its importance, whether missing dimensions affect the measurement of poverty has not been empirically examined in the EU context. Such an examination requires data on missing dimensions that existing surveys do not usually collect. In this article, I get around this problem with an innovative design and using the rich content of the British Household Panel Survey (1999–2008). I use perceived financial inadequacy as a proxy for poverty and show that, independent of the deprivation status, having a need in healthcare, childcare, social care, or education increases the risk of reporting financial inadequacy. The main explanations for these effects are extra spending and reduced earnings of the families (as a response to having extra needs), and not other biases that might arise from using a self-assessed proxy measure such as scale heterogeneity, personality traits, state dependence, anticipations, or psychological negativity. These findings demonstrate the need for more comprehensive measures. Unless relevant indicators of missing dimensions (e.g. cost-related unmet needs in healthcare) are included in the analysis, deprivation scales might fail to identify some people experiencing poverty.

Search for the Missing Dimensions: Building a Feature-Space Representation for a Natural-Science Category Domain

An important goal in cognitive and mathematical psychology is to scale up the application of computational models of human classification learning to real-world, naturalistic domains. Application of the models, however, requires the derivation of the complex, multidimensional “feature spaces” in which the to-be-classified objects are embedded and to which the formal models make reference. In recent work, using rock classification in the geologic sciences as an example target domain, we used multidimensional scaling (MDS) of similarity-judgment data as an approach to deriving the feature space (Nosofsky et al., Behavior Research Methods 50:530–556, 2018c). However, subsequent work involving the modeling of independent sets of classification-learning data led us to the hypothesis that the MDS solution had many “missing dimensions” that were crucial to categorization performance (Nosofsky et al., Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 26:48–76, 2019). In the present work, we conduct a “search for the missing dimensions” in an effort to develop a more comprehensive feature-space representation for the rock stimuli. By supplementing the original MDS solution with the missing dimensions, we achieve dramatically improved accounts of varied sets of classification-learning data in this domain. We outline future steps for continuing and expanding the work to meet the goal of achieving meaningful computational modeling of human classification in naturalistic object domains.

Multidimensional Poverty Index and Happiness

In recent years, income concepts have been criticized for being too narrow to capture human well-being. The broader “objective” capability approach and subjective well-being analyses have been highlighted as most prominent approaches which allow for well-being assessments beyond income. Recently, a combination of the capability and of the subjective well-being approach has been recommended to strengthen well-being analyses. Our paper further explores the relations of both approaches. Based upon micro data covering more than 2300 individuals from four villages in rural Karnataka (India), the paper empirically analyses to which degree objective capability deprivation reflected by the United Nations Development Programme’s Multidimensional Poverty Index coincides with reduced happiness. We find positive correlations between Multidimensional Poverty Index deprivation and lack of happiness for some dimensions; otherwise the correlation is weak for the majority of Multidimensional Poverty Index indicators. Our results suggest that “relativity” towards other villagers is crucial for happiness. Moreover, from a happiness perspective our findings show the necessity to integrate financial deprivation indicators and further “missing dimensions” of deprivation into the Multidimensional Poverty Index. Furthermore, it may be fruitful to measure multidimensional poverty on a household and individual level.

Individual Character: Towards Empirical Investigation

The study of individual character is an essential area for organizational research as it is instrumental in ensuring ethical behavior at individual and organization level. However it is observed in the literature that this area has been largely untapped and especially moral and social dimensions of character have been ignored in contemporary studies. Further, it is observed that character and related terms, i.e. virtues, morality, ethos and values have been widely used interchangeably due to conceptual ambiguity (the ontological basis) and certain instruments used for empirical investigations potentially suffer due to methodological ambiguity (the epistemological basis) of the construct. In this paper, we have formulated a conceptually sound definition which provides a clear direction for future empirical investigations and facilitates to differentiate individual character from other related terms. Finally, we propose certain missing and new dimensions of individual character and recommend promising research directions in order to further expand content validity of the construct.

Child Well-Being Indicators Through the Eyes of Children in Turkey: A Happy Child Would be One Who…

Based on the research that was conducted to evaluate child well-being indicators from the perspectives of children in order to advance the nation-wide monitoring of their well-being in Turkey, the aim of this article is to demonstrate what children prioritize for each domain for a happy child. To this end, 562 children from different age groups -including some specific focus on certain disadvantaged groups—completed questionnaires. 40 focus groups approximately with 10 children were held afterwards with the aim of evaluating the questionnaire and giving them the opportunity to add what they saw as the missing dimensions with respect to domains and indicators. Health; Material well-being; Education; Risk and the Relationship are the discussed domains. The research focuses on how, in each, stated domains and indicators are evaluated by the children. By sharing the findings of the Turkish case, the article aims to contribute to the current literature by demonstrating how children describe “a(n) un/happy child” and also to discuss the findings with respect to gender, socio-economic background, and age.

Extending Required Navigation Performance to Include Time Based Operations and the Vertical Dimension

Extending Required Navigation Performance to Include Time Based Operations and the Vertical Dimension

Spirituality and post-traumatic growth: The missing dimensions

Spirituality and post-traumatic growth: The missing dimensions

Program realization of mathematical model of kinematic calculation of flat lever mechanisms

Calculation of kinematic mechanisms is very time-consuming work. Due to the content of a large number of similar operations can be automated using computers. Forthis purpose, it is necessary to implement a software implementation ofthe mathematical model of calculation of kinematic mechanisms of the second class. In the article on Turbo Pascal presents the text module to library procedures all kinematic studies of planar lever mechanisms of the second class. The determination of the kinematic characteristics of the mechanism and the construction of its provisions, plans, plans, speeds and accelerations carried out on the example of the six-link mechanism. The beginning of the motionless coordinate system coincides with the axis of rotation of the crank AB. It is assumed that the known length of all links, the positions of all additional points of links and the coordinates of all kinematic pairs rack mechanism, i.e. this stage of work to determine the kinematics of the mechanism must be preceded by a stage of synthesis of mechanism (determining missing dimensions of links). Denote the coordinates of point C and considering that the analogues of velocities and accelerations of this point is 0 (stationary point), appeal to the procedure that computes the kinematics group the Assyrians (GA) third. Specify kinematic parameters of point D, taking the beginning of the guide slide E at point C, the angle, the analogue of the angular velocity and the analogue of the angular acceleration of the guide is zero, knowing the length of the connecting rod DE and the length of link 5, refer to the procedure for the GA of the second kind. The use of library routines module of the kinematic calculation, makes it relatively simple to organize a simulation of the mechanism motion, to calculate the projection analogues of velocities and accelerations of all links of the mechanism, to build plans of the velocities and accelerations at each position of the mechanism.

Individual Character and its Dimensions: Directions for Empirical Investigation

The study of individual character is an essential area for organizational research as it is instrumental in ensuring ethical behavior at individual and organization level. However it is observed in the literature that this area has been largely untapped and especially moral and social dimensions of character have been ignored in contemporary studies. Further, it is observed that character and related terms, i.e. virtues, morality, ethos and values have been widely used interchangeably due to conceptual ambiguity (the ontological basis) and certain instruments used for empirical investigations potentially suffer due to methodological ambiguity (the epistemological basis) of the construct. In this paper, we have formulated a conceptually sound definition which provides a clear direction for future empirical investigations and facilitates to differentiate individual character from other related terms. Finally, we propose certain missing and new dimensions of individual character and recommend promising research directions in order to further expand content validity of the construct.

Which Dimensions of Patient-Centeredness Matter? - Results of a Web-Based Expert Delphi Survey.

BackgroundPresent models and definitions of patient-centeredness revealed a lack of conceptual clarity. Based on a prior systematic literature review, we developed an integrative model with 15 dimensions of patient-centeredness. The aims of this study were to 1) validate, and 2) prioritize these dimensions.MethodA two-round web-based Delphi study was conducted. 297 international experts were invited to participate. In round one they were asked to 1) give an individual rating on a nine-point-scale on relevance and clarity of the dimensions, 2) add missing dimensions, and 3) prioritize the dimensions. In round two, experts received feedback about the results of round one and were asked to reflect and re-rate their own results. The cut-off for the validation of a dimension was a median < 7 on one of the criteria.Results105 experts participated in round one and 71 in round two. In round one, one new dimension was suggested and included for discussion in round two. In round two, this dimension did not reach sufficient ratings to be included in the model. Eleven dimensions reached a median ≥ 7 on both criteria (relevance and clarity). Four dimensions had a median < 7 on one or both criteria. The five dimensions rated as most important were: patient as a unique person, patient involvement in care, patient information, clinician-patient communication and patient empowerment.Discussion11 out of the 15 dimensions have been validated through experts’ ratings. Further research on the four dimensions that received insufficient ratings is recommended. The priority order of the dimensions can help researchers and clinicians to focus on the most important dimensions of patient-centeredness. Overall, the model provides a useful framework that can be used in the development of measures, interventions, and medical education curricula, as well as the adoption of a new perspective in health policy.

Schizo-Feminist Educational Research Cartographies

Deleuze and Guattari have set the onto-epistemological ground for much of the enlivening new work that is happening in the ‘affective’, ‘non-representational’, ‘posthuman’, and ‘new material’ ‘turns’ in educational research. However, where I think discussion needs to gain ground is around the ethico-political dimensions of Deleuze and Guattari’s thought for conducting research in relation to the conceptual apparatuses outlined in their treatises on schizoanalysis. It seems what is lacking in some of the take-up of Deleuze’s solo philosophy, for instance his treatise on ‘societies of control’ as well as perhaps Deleuze and Guattari’s later, A Thousand Plateaus, is adequate attention to the psyche and subjectivity, which was paramount in Anti-Oedipus. While their work is celebrated for ‘flattening out of the social and psychical so that there is neither a relation of causation (oneor twoway) nor hierarchies, levels, grounds, or foundations’ (Grosz 1994: 180), flattening does not mean eschewing attention to the psyche-subjectivity. To address my concerns about the sometimes missing dimensions of subjectivity in the take-up of Deleuze and Guattari in some educational research, in this short article I would like to return to the basic premises of schizoanalysis as outlined in Anti-Oedipus and Guattari’s later Schizoanalytic Cartographies – both issue radical calls to engage with the complexity of the social field, capitalism and the unconscious and explore the conditions through which schizoanalytic change is made possible. My aim is not to define or defend the correct schizoanalytic tasks or methodological rules but to show how this orientation may be experimented with through assembled relations that make up the apparatus of conceptual inquiry: ‘The most desirable effect that can be anticipated in the conceptual field is not in the order of comprehension

The State of SHOT: Organizational Capacity in a Volunteer-based Organization

The State of SHOTOrganizational Capacity in a Volunteer-based Organization Bruce E. Seely (bio) A community is like a ship; everyone ought to be prepared to take the helm. —Henrik Ibsen, An Enemy of the People (1882), act 1 Those who can, do. Those who can do more, volunteer. —Unknown Presidential addresses for scholarly organizations are a curious form of presentation. I am deeply honored to have the opportunity to add my own talk to the roster, and I explored several prior addresses in thinking about my approach. If there is a tradition within SHOT about these events, most presidents use the occasion to suggest underdeveloped or missing dimensions in our scholarship on the history of technology (a state-of-the-field review) or to propose ways that our research might be made more congruent with the wider intellectual currents of our time.1 Occasionally, as [End Page 508] exemplified by the 1998 address of Bruce Sinclair, a president focuses his or her talk on the health or initiatives of the society itself.2 My address falls into this latter category, for I wish to examine the state of SHOT from the specific perspective of the society’s organizational capability as a professional organization that depends on the efforts of volunteers. It is not an accident that I have come to focus on this question, although I never envisioned discussing SHOT as an organization when entering graduate school as a Hagley Fellow at the University of Delaware in 1975. My topic stems in large part from my experiences at Delaware with Eugene Ferguson, who showed his students by example that every scholar owes a commitment of time and energy to the organizations upon which we build professional careers. For Gene, the Society for the History of Technology certainly was a central focus, and he clearly envisioned that our commitment should involve more than attending SHOT’s annual meeting. My attempts to honor his example explain the unanticipated paths my career has followed. A key branch in that pathway came at the 1989 annual meeting in Sacramento, when Alex Roland informed me of my election to succeed him as SHOT’s secretary. During the next six years in that office, I discovered rather surprisingly the temperament and skills of an administrator, even while learning that serving as secretary could shape and inform my scholarship. I doubt, for example, if I would have chosen to explore SHOT’s early history had I not been curious about the work of other secretaries, especially SHOT’s founder, Mel Kranzberg.3 Gene’s example also influenced my decision to serve as the National Science Foundation’s program director for science and technology studies from 2000 to 2002. After I had the good fortune to receive a dissertation improvement grant from NSF in 1979, Gene had made sure I understood my indebtedness to NSF. But once again, this administrative position opened important opportunities for my intellectual and scholarly activities.4 The bottom line is that SHOT started me down the particular path of combining academic administration with being a historian of technology. The route culminated in my acceptance of positions as chair of the Department of Social Sciences and [End Page 509] then as dean of the College of Science and Arts, both at Michigan Tech. Taken together, these various opportunities and experiences have prompted me to focus my energy over the last two years on SHOT as an organization. So as my presidential term comes to a close, I wish to share with SHOT’s members my thoughts on this question. Attention to the state of SHOT may not be as common as conversation about the state of our field. But when such a discussion breaks out, it tends toward consideration of the excitement and stimulation of the papers at the annual meetings, the vibrancy of SHOT’s special-interest groups, and the quality of the papers in Technology and Culture.5 Something along these lines began again in 2013 when a group of dedicated members, including Gabrielle Hecht and Atsushi Akera, urged the executive council to take steps to ensure that SHOT was connected and contributed to the most exciting currents related to...