Term Mismatch Research Articles

Investment and financing maturity mismatch: Moderating role of financialization in regulatory context for A-share listed Chinese companies

As the financialization issue is getting more and more attention, the behavioral motives and effects behind this appearance should not be ignored, and it is of great practical significance for the high-quality development of China's real economy to explore the impact and mechanism of the financialization trend on the investment and financing maturity mismatch of China's real enterprises. Using sample data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2020, this article empirically examines the impact of financialization on the investment and financing maturity structure from a new perspective of asset classification by using a fixed-effect model, and explores the mechanism of the financial regulatory environment's moderating effect on the relationship between the two mentioned above. The study shows that: there is an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between the financialization of investment income and fixed income and “maturity mismatch “. The term mismatch of investment and financing increases with the degree of financialization, after reaching the critical point, it eases with the deepening of financialization. However, the specific point of view is different. In the sample interval, the investment income financialization exacerbates the investment and financing maturity mismatch more obviously; the fixed income financialization inhibits the investment and financing maturity mismatch more obviously. Under the different perspectives of the firms' ownership nature, financing constraints, and principal-agent problems, there are differences in the impact of firms' allocation of different types of financial assets on the investment and financing term structure. In addition, the regulatory effect of financial supervision weakens the inverted U-shaped relationship of investment income financialization with investment and financing maturity mismatch; it enhances the inverted U-shaped relationship between fixed income financialization and investment and financing maturity mismatch. In general, financial supervision has had a significant positive effect on investment and financing maturity mismatches. The findings have important policy implications in terms of corporate real investment, financial market development, and financial regulation, which can help promote China's economic development and stability.

The Representation of Gender and Inflectional Class in Italian: A Reply to Kučerová 2018

Kučerová (2018) puts forward a novel theory of the morphology and interpretation of nominal gender in Italian. Here, we take issue with this theory from both empirical and theoretical standpoints. We first show that several generalizations presented as empirical support for it are incorrect. We then point out three fundamental theoretical challenges. First, the proposed three-way classification of nouns does not represent the full range of facts, because it does not take into account plural morphology or the interdependencies of class and gender features. Second, the account of gender mismatch in terms of “semicon-servativity” fails to capture the Italian data, once the full paradigm is considered. Finally, the use of phase theory to model contextual valuation of gender faces an insurmountable lookahead problem.

Green Credit Policy and Short-Term Financing for Long-Term Investment: Evidence from China’s Heavily Polluting Enterprises

In 2012, China issued the “Green Credit Guidelines” policy to guide the green transformation of companies, and at the same time, the investment and financing behaviors of heavy polluters during the green transition have received widespread attention. In the view of the investment and financing maturity structure, we take China’s A-share listed enterprises from 2009 to 2021 assamples, and construct a difference-in-differences (DID) model to examine the implication of the green credit policy on the short-term financing for long-term investment (SFLI) of heavy polluters. We found that: (1) green credit policy can reduce the level of SFLI of heavy polluters; (2) the size of short-term debt and the level of over-investment can play a mediating effect, and government subsidies can weaken the relationship between green credit policy and SFLI; (3) this effect is more significant when directors, supervisors, or senior executives have a financial institution background. (4) this effect is not significant in enterprises with bank-firm shareholding relationships and a stronger innovation intensity; (5) the effect is more significant in areas with stronger environmental regulations. This paper argues that heavily polluting enterprises should reduce short-term debt financing and over-investment, so, to solve the problem of investment and financing term mismatch under the credit risk; banks should prevent the credit rent-seeking problem caused by the equity association between banks and enterprises, and promote the consistency of green credit standards. The government can provide subsidies to enterprises in green transformation and strengthen the construction of regional environmental regulations in order to guide the smooth innovation and upgrading of heavy polluters. Our research expands the study of the micro-economic consequences of green credit policy, providing references for how to reduce maturity mismatch risk and guide the smooth transformation of heavy polluters from the multi-perspective of the government, banks, and enterprises, thus helping to promote companies’ smooth transit.

The road from manual to automatic semantic indexing of biomedical literature: a 10 years journey.

Biomedical experts are facing challenges in keeping up with the vast amount of biomedical knowledge published daily. With millions of citations added to databases like MEDLINE/PubMed each year, efficiently accessing relevant information becomes crucial. Traditional term-based searches may lead to irrelevant or missed documents due to homonyms, synonyms, abbreviations, or term mismatch. To address this, semantic search approaches employing predefined concepts with associated synonyms and relations have been used to expand query terms and improve information retrieval. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) plays a significant role in this area, indexing citations in the MEDLINE database with topic descriptors from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus, enabling advanced semantic search strategies to retrieve relevant citations, despite synonymy, and polysemy of biomedical terms. Over time, advancements in semantic indexing have been made, with Machine Learning facilitating the transition from manual to automatic semantic indexing in the biomedical literature. The paper highlights the journey of this transition, starting with manual semantic indexing and the initial efforts toward automatic indexing. The BioASQ challenge has served as a catalyst in revolutionizing the domain of semantic indexing, further pushing the boundaries of efficient knowledge retrieval in the biomedical field.

Stochastic simulation of earthquake ground motions for the seismic assessment of monumental masonry structures: Source‐based vs site‐based approaches

AbstractEarthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters and have resulted in a massive number of fatalities and economic losses all over the world. Simulated ground motion records are valuable, particularly for regions lacking seismic stations or with a limited history of large‐magnitude earthquakes. Notably, a significant percentage of monumental masonry buildings are located in regions with limited access to real records; hence, simulated records play a paramount role in their seismic protection. However, few studies have investigated the structural response of heritage buildings via response history analyses to assess the performance of simulated earthquakes against real ones. To accomplish this, this study simulates the recorded time‐series of the 9th of July 1998 Faial earthquake in the Azores (Mw = 6.2) at four available stations, using two different simulation approaches, that is, a source‐based stochastic finite‐fault method and a site‐based broadband stochastic method. First, two masonry facades with sidewalls characterized by different slenderness levels are adopted to conduct this research. Moreover, the proposed approach is also applied to an existing monumental structure, that is, São Francisco Church, located at Horta, which was affected by damage during the Faial earthquake. Results demonstrate that both simulation approaches provide similar results in terms of structural response prediction. The proposed framework also demonstrates that a small mismatch in terms of predicted damage patterns can result in a significant relative error in terms of displacement predictions.

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Likuiditas Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) di Indonesia Tahun 2020-2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that affect liquidity in Islamic Commercial Banks (ICBs) in Indonesia. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The method used in this research is Multiple Linear Regression. To examine the factors influencing the liquidity of Islamic banks in Indonesia, the variables used are Short Term Mismatch (STM), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA), and Non-Performing Financing (NPF). This study uses monthly data from 2020 to 2023. The results of the study indicate that CAR and NPF variables have a positive and significant influence on STM, while the ROA variable has a positive influence but is not significant to the dependent variable STM. In this regard, it is recommended that Islamic banks maintain a healthy STM condition by increasing CAR and ROA and reducing NPF.

Effect of angular mismatch on tribocorrosion at taper-trunnion junction using a finite element model considering mechanical and chemical wear

Wear debris and metal ions arising from tribocorrosion at the taper-trunnion junction have been associated with early complications after total hip replacement. Wear and electrochemical phenomena occur simultaneously in this tribo-system, however, chemical wear has been usually neglected in previous computational studies on the interface damage. In this study, we developed a finite element model incorporating both the mechanical and chemical wear processes, and then investigated the effect of taper mismatch on the tribocorrosion at a CoCr/Ti6Al4V taper interface. This model was initially verified through a ball-on-disk wear testing and then applied to the study of degradation mechanism at the taper-trunnion junction. It was found that material loss at the taper-trunnion junction was linearly related to the number of gait cycles and chemical wear was evident, contributing up to 26 % to total material loss. A taper mismatch as small as possible was not necessarily beneficial to minimize the material loss. Instead, a larger positive taper mismatch helped reduce total wear volume but maximized the contribution of chemical wear. The model with a negative taper mismatch performed better than the ones with a positive taper mismatch in terms of corrosion resistance. These findings would benefit preoperative planning and the design of implant with reduced risk of tribocorrosion and failure.

Superflexible hybrid aerogel-based fabrics enable broadband electromagnetic wave management

As problematic interference from electromagnetic waves (EMWs) in modern human life continues to increase, broadband EMW management aerogels have received extensive attention in the safety and thermal management fields, but the mismatch in terms of their mechanical flexibility and functionality has limited their application. This work reports an ultra-lightweight (8.7 mg cm−3), superflexible, hyperelastic (≥95% strain), and superhydrophobic (contact angle: 157°) wearable hybrid aerogel-based fabric that offers both electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared (IR) shielding functions. A nanotape-enabled multi-crosslinked hybridization strategy, in which freeze-drying-initiated hydrophobic -Si-O-Si- nanotape welds weak bacterial nanocellulose-silver nanowire interfaces perfectly, gives the fabric outstanding mechanical properties. Optimized synergy gain engineering between the metal and the semiconductor (antimony tin oxide nanoparticles) produces significant enhancements in the electrical conductivity (502.46 S m−1), the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE, 100 dB), and the IR shielding performance (ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.025 W m−1 K−1) of the fabric. The hybrid aerogel-based fabric is fabricated into broadband EMW management clothing, which has excellent prospects for safety and thermal management applications.

Brain metastases from NSCLC treated with stereotactic radiotherapy: prediction mismatch between two different radiomic platforms

Background and purposeRadiomics enables the mining of quantitative features from medical images. The influence of the radiomic feature extraction software on the final performance of models is still a poorly understood topic. This study aimed to investigate the ability of radiomic features extracted by two different radiomic platforms to predict clinical outcomes in patients treated with radiosurgery for brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. We developed models integrating pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived radiomic features and clinical data. Materials and methodsPre-radiotherapy gadolinium enhanced axial T1-weighted MRI scans were used. MRI images were re-sampled, intensity-shifted, and histogram-matched before radiomic extraction by means of two different platforms (PyRadiomics and SOPHiA Radiomics). We adopted LASSO Cox regression models for multivariable analyses by creating radiomic, clinical, and combined models using three survival clinical endpoints (local control, distant progression, and overall survival). The statistical analysis was repeated 50 times with different random seeds and the median concordance index was used as performance metric of the models. ResultsWe analysed 276 metastases from 148 patients. The use of the two platforms resulted in differences in both the quality and the number of extractable features. That led to mismatches in terms of end-to-end performance, statistical significance of radiomic scores, and clinical covariates found significant in combined models. ConclusionThis study shed new light on how extracting radiomic features from the same images using two different platforms could yield several discrepancies. That may lead to acute consequences on drawing conclusions, comparing results across the literature, and translating radiomics into clinical practice.

Integrated assessment of the supply–demand relationship of ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau during 1992–2015

ABSTRACT Landscape alterations and ecosystem services (ES) are crucial elements that affect the socio-ecological development of ecologically fragile regions. To provide scientific support for the land-use planning and regional ecological restoration to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the Loess Plateau from 1992 to 2015, this study proposes an integrated assessment framework for assessing the supply – demand match and equilibrium of ES combining potential relationships between landscape alterations, ES, and sustainable development at the county and regional scales. Results show that more than 85% of local counties have a supply – demand mismatch in terms of ecosystem services. Supply – demand distributions for provisioning and supporting services were relatively balanced compared to cultural services, which were imbalanced. Although the overall supply – demand relationship is relatively balanced because of the significant influence of ecological restoration, it shows an increasing trend toward imbalance as human – land conflict is prominent in some regions. SDGs emphasize on specific ES information such as ecosystem conservation, sustainable agriculture, and urban construction. Furtherly, positive impacts from landscape dynamics can improve the supply capacity of the ES and contribute to regional sustainability.

A comparison of different acoustic methods for sedimentary classification of King George Bay, Antarctica

Multibeam sonar and high-resolution seismic mapping are marine geophysical techniques frequently employed to map the distribution and type of marine sediments. Both techniques involve the transmission and reception of acoustic pulses reflected by the seafloor and typically generate consistent and satisfactory results at a relatively low-cost relative to direct sampling. However, mainly due to their operational peculiarities (frequency range, beam width, etc.), each method generates some discrepancies regarding sedimentary distribution for the same area. Here, we compare three well-established marine geophysical techniques (Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) bathymetry and backscatter intensity, Sub-Bottom Profiler (SBP) echo-characterization, defined as the acoustic response of marine sediments as a function of its sedimentological properties, and seismic amplitude) applied to characterize seabed geology, analyzing comparing the results observed from each method. The study area is the glaciomarine environment of King George Bay, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. We demonstrate that each method responds to specific characteristics of the seafloor, mainly because of divergent interactions between the acoustic signal and morphological features at different scales and sedimentological interfaces. Despite some consistencies, considerable mismatches in terms of classification approaches are apparent. Nevertheless, we show how these different classification approaches can be interpreted together to enable more precise geological understandings.

(Digital Presentation) Reusing Li-Ion Batteries in Second-Life Applications: Impact of Cell Orientation in Electric Vehicle Pack

Li-ion batteries (LiBs) in electric vehicles (EVs) finish their life with a significant amount of capacity left in them (about 80% of the nominal capacity), which provides a promising avenue for reusing the spent EV-batteries in less demanding second-life applications, such as grid-scale energy storage for peak shaving, EV charging, storage for intermittent energy sources (solar or wind power), backup storage for industries and property owners, and less demanding vehicle propulsion (ferries or forklifts) [1, 2]. However, reusing spent EV batteries in second-life applications is not as straightforward as taking a battery pack from an EV then installing it directly into a second-life application. One must consider the state-of-health (SoH) of the battery packs and hence the modules and cells to avoid any mismatch in terms of capacity, state-of-charge/depth-of-discharge (SoC/DoD). Even within the batteries suitable for reuse, cells must be sorted by similar remaining capacity and identical degradation state, or else the second-life system performance would suffer. The SoH needs careful assessment and ageing conditions evaluated to send heavily degraded batteries to recycling facilities. Whilst assessing the SoH is straightforward [3], identifying the ageing condition is complex, as ageing and degradation of LiBs over time are caused by various factors, including charging/discharging rate (C-rate), operating temperature, lifetime, SoC, and cycling [2]. Moreover, pack design, configuration, cooling methods as well as cell/module’s orientation in a pack can influence the battery degradation.In the present study, the effect of cell orientation on battery ageing and degradation has been investigated that can have an impact on the life of a battery in second-life applications. Eight large-size pouch batteries from two differently orientated modules from a dismantled first-generation Nissan Leaf retired battery pack have been analysed utilising infrared (IR) thermography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques along with a brand-new second-generation Nissan Leaf battery which has almost the same geometry as batteries from the retired pack. Temperature derivative maps over the battery surface during discharging have been analysed, which show a direct correlation with the battery’s heat generation rates. Obtained results show that the thermal behaviour of brand-new batteries in orientations mimicking aged battery's orientation in the pack during EV life are very similar showing that the temperature derivative map’s hot spot is more towards the edge opposite to gravity vector (Figure 1 left). Also, EIS results (RCT+RSEI, charge transfer and solid electrolyte interphase layer resistances) show a wider range over SoCs for rotated-aged than flat-aged cells (Figure 1 right). It is worth noting that cells aged in flat orientation retained higher capacity compared to the cells aged in rotated orientation. These results show that different LiB orientations in EV batteries cause ageing non-uniformities over the battery surface, which would impact their second-life applications [4]. Non-uniform ageing is found to be more pronounced for the rotated module compared with the flat orientation inside the battery pack (Figure 1). Based on the present results, it is clear that avoiding different orientations in the battery pack can be a sustainable design for future EV battery back if reusing of spent EV batteries is envisaged.This work was part of the ReLiB project (https://relib.org.uk) and was supported by the Faraday Institution (https://www.faraday.ac.uk; grant numbers FIRG005 and FIRG027).

Climate change creates nutritional phenological mismatches

Climate change is creating phenological mismatches between consumers and their resources. However, while the importance of nutritional quality in ecological interactions is widely appreciated, most studies of phenological mismatch focus on energy content alone. We argue that mismatches in terms of phenology and nutrition will increase with climate change.

Analysis by Systemic Approach of Magnetic Dipole Source Location Performances by Using an IoT Software Gradiometer Head

Based on the development of numerous commercial cheap or low noise magnetometers, some publications feature systems of magnetic anomaly detection. They are meanly based on matrix inversion gradients and are built with multi-magnetometer single head in order to derive spatially the sensed magnetic field. Meanwhile, these examples often suffer from a lack of true performance analysis, based on a &#x201C;systemic approach.&#x201D; As an example, they take account partially of the main sensor, mechanical or conditioning electronic characteristics. In that way, we propose a theoretical modeling of 1D and 2D magnetic head detection capabilities that could be extended to 3D. We show that the distance of detection could be quantified with the help of three main parameters: the baseline, the sensor mismatch in terms of sensitivity (V/T) or misalignment, and a defined signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {SNR}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). With a reasonable built system (sensitivity disparity of 0.6 &#x0025;, misalignment lower than some (&#x00B0;) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {SNR}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 120 dB), a magnetic dipole could be localized and quantified, from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gradiometer base line with a relative error lower than 30 &#x0025;, and from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times50$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {SNR}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 160 dB, as an example. Notice that the highest distance of detection is mainly bounded by the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {SNR}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value and the intrinsic head spatial transfer function. At a close distance, we have enlarged significantly the surface of the source localization, by using optimization algorithms when classical gradiometric method appears non-functional. To exemplify this systemic approach, we have built and characterized a setup. It is based on the IoT principles, where acquired data are pushed over-the-air through a gateway. Finally, they are post-processed in quasi-real time with a laptop.

The Impact of Overeducation on Wages of Recent Economic Sciences Graduates

According to human capital theory, wages are determined by workers' productivity which, in its crudest form, implies that return to education does not depend on how workers' skills are used. However, after controlling for other differences, the empirical evidence shows that workers with identical education are paid differently. The literature evidences that young people are more likely to experience a mismatch between their formal education and the one required for their jobs. While there is no consensus on the reasons for the mismatch phenomenon, one consequence is clear, in terms of wages overeducation means a penalty. Our evidence shows that overeducated graduates of the Facultad de Ciencias Económicas of the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba suffer a wage penalty compared to those working in a job that requires a university degree. The results are robust to different specifications and the use of alternative estimators. Even though is not statistically significant, the penalty of a severe level of overeducation is higher than one for a mild level of overeducation; having had work experience while studying at university helps to reduce the cost of overeducation; women exhibit a similar penalty to men. While on average overeducation means a wage penalty, there is great heterogeneity among overeducated graduates, with those at the top end of the wage distribution experiencing a much lower penalty, or even a premium in some cases. Finally, while in the case of overeducation we find statistically significant effects, the same is not true of the horizontal mismatch in terms of knowledge.

Clustering-based Automated Requirement Trace Retrieval

The benefits of requirement traceability are well known and documented. The traceability links between requirements and code are fundamental in supporting different activities in the software development process, including change management and software maintenance. These links can be obtained using manual or automatic means. Manual trace retrieval is a time-consuming task. Automatic trace retrieval can be performed via various tools such as Information retrieval or machine learning techniques. Meanwhile, a big concern associated with automated trace retrieval is the low precision problem primarily caused by the term mismatches across documents to be traced. This study proposes an approach that addresses the term mismatch problem to obtain the greatest improvements in the trace retrieval accuracy. The proposed approach uses clustering in the automated trace retrieval process and performs an experimental evaluation against previous benchmarks. The results show that the proposed approach improves the trace retrieval precision.

Research on Financing of Green Bonds Issued by Power Industry

The power industry in China is accelerating the pace of transition to green and low-carbon industry. Among the many factors restricting its green transformation, funding constraints are particularly prominent. On the one hand, the financing channels are too single for the reasons that the construction of power projects has long been relied on the government grants and bank loans. On the other hand, the term of power investment project is too long while the term of borrowings is too short, leading to the term mismatch. Green bonds have the characteristics of long maturity, low cost and quick review, which can alleviate the difficulties in the financing of the power industry. Therefore, it can be a good choice for power companies to use green bonds as an innovative financing tool to ease funding pressure. This paper takes the largest green energy company in China, Three Gorges Group, as an example, analyzing the financing behavior of issuing green bonds in the aspects of issue motivation and benefits. Based on the case, the paper draws conclusions that green bonds financing can be a proper use of green policies and it has obvious financing cost advantages. Finally, this paper contributes suggestions from the perspective of investors, enterprises and government to promote the healthy development of green bonds.

A rapid measurement for the effect of interaural mismatch on interaural time difference sensitivity

Cochlear implant (CI) users often have difficulties utilizing binaural cues such as interaural time difference (ITD) because of a mismatch in terms of the cochlear stimulation location in each ear. Methods for measuring this mismatch often rely on psychophysical approaches that can require hours of testing. The goal of this study was to evaluate a rapid method for measuring the effects of mismatch on ITD sensitivity. Seven normal hearing listeners were tested with a vocoder that simulated current spread. Participants were tested with a traditional adaptive ITD protocol and a rapid descending ITD protocol with fixed ITDs starting at 2000 μs and decreasing in two dB steps to approximately 50 μs. In both protocols, four stimuli were presented. The first and last stimuli always had an ITD of 0 μs. One of the two center stimuli had a non-zero ITD. Participants had to identify which had the non-zero ITD. The carriers were altered to simulate varying mismatch across ears. The preliminary results indicated a similar effect of mismatch for both protocols, with considerably shorter testing time for the descending ITD protocol. This suggests that the rapid descending ITD protocol is a valid method for assessing the effects of interaural mismatch.

Impact of Splenomegaly on Outcomes of Fully Matched Sibling Bone Marrow Transplant Among Children with Low Risk Thalassemia

Objective:Severe thalassemia syndromes (ST) are the most common non-infectious life-threatening disease in South Asia. ST is highly curable by BMT but rejection may occur in 5 to 30% of cases. In a limited resource setting appropriate case selection for BMT and aggressive down staging pre-transplant are crucial in order to achieve optimal outcomes. Though hepatomegaly > 2 cm has clearly been proven to be associated with poor transplant outcomes whereas the role of splenomegaly as an independent risk factor for rejection in low risk thalassemia has not been clarified.Methods:We analyzed a total of 87 consecutive first bone marrow transplants carried out between August 2013 and Dec 2016 after conditioning with busulfan (14 mg/kg oral, not adjusted to serum levels), cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) and anti-thymocyte globulin (Genzyme 4 mg/kg or Fresenius 16 mg/kg on days -12 to -10). 74 patients received cyclosporine and methotrexate, and 13 patients received cyclosporine and mycophenolate as GVHD/rejection prophylaxis. G-CSF-primed bone marrow (5 μg/kg/dose twice daily for 3 to 5 days prior to harvest) was the source of hematopoietic stem cells in all cases. All patients were considered low risk based on liver size < 2 cm from costal margin and age less than 15 years (median 6.9 years, range 1.1 to 14.5). All sibling couples were HLA-compatible.Results:Of the 87 low risk transplants 12 children rejected (13.8%) of which 5 were primary and 7 were secondary graft failures. Out of the total 87 patients 11 patients had significant splenomegaly at transplant (spleen > 3 cm below costal margin and/or z score > 3 spleen size measured by ultrasound adjusted for height). Four of the rejections (1 primary and 3 secondary) occurred in children with significant splenomegaly which is statistically significant (log rank p=0.02) (figure 1). Splenomegaly also seems to increase treatment-related mortality albeit not statistically significant (log rank p=0.17). Out of the 7 children who had treatment related mortality 2 had splenomegaly. One of them died as a consequence of primary graft failure and the other due to a large intracranial bleed. We could not detect any difference in other variables potentially associated with rejection risk such as gender mismatch, serum ferritin, ABO mismatch, mean cell dose (median 6.75; range 2.6 to 29.44 x 108 nucleated cells /kg) and immunosuppressive therapy between splenomegaly and no splenomegaly groups. In the latter group 41% of children received hydroxyurea pre-BMT compared to 81% in the splenomegaly group (P= 0.01) which in fact should have helped to reduce rejection rates in the splenomegaly group. By multivariate analysis significant splenomegaly (p= 0.0049) seems to be more relevant than gender mismatch in terms of rejection risk (p = 0.0379), while cell dose (p=0.9546) was not a significant factor.Conclusion:Splenomegaly may increase rejection risk in low risk thalassemia transplants transplanted with ATG-BuCy. Strategies to reduce spleen size prior to transplant should be considered. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Literature Survey on Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions of Oral Error Correction in the EFL/ESL Classroom

Oral Error Correction (OEC) is an essential component in the English language classroom, and how teachers do it can impact students’ learning in different ways. Above all, it is important for scholars to understand what teachers and students think about OEC, so that any similarities and mismatches in perceptions can be further explored and strategies for effective learning through OEC can be proposed. Thus, through this study, author aims to investigate the teachers’ and students’ perceptions toward OCF. With more than 20 research articles thoroughly studied, author presents a literature survey by investigating the students’ perceptions regarding what types of OCF they prefer, when, and by whom (teachers and/or peers) and teachers’ perceptions toward their choices of OEC. It was found that while students and teachers consider OEC to be of paramount importance for positive learning outcomes, there are also similarities and mismatches in terms of what types of OEC they prefer, by whom, and when. One outstanding mismatch was that while students like to get all their errors corrected, teachers do not consider it as pragmatic. The results also highlighted that teachers could create platforms for students to express their opinions about OEC and they should learn about various OEC methods to choose the best ones that fit students’ needs, proficiency, and the activity type.