Mismatch Negativity Peak Amplitude Research Articles

The accuracy of different mismatch negativity amplitude representations in predicting the levels of consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness.

The mismatch negativity (MMN) index has been used to evaluate consciousness levels in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC). Indeed, MMN has been validated for the diagnosis of vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS). In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of different MMN amplitude representations in predicting levels of consciousness. Task-state electroencephalography (EEG) data were obtained from 67 patients with DoC (35 VS and 32 MCS). We performed a microstate analysis of the task-state EEG and used four different representations (the peak amplitude of MMN at electrode Fz (Peak), the average amplitude within a time window -25- 25 ms entered on the latency of peak MMN component (Avg for peak ± 25 ms), the average amplitude of averaged difference wave for 100-250 ms (Avg for 100-250 ms), and the average amplitude difference between the standard stimulus ("S") and the deviant stimulus ("D") at the time corresponding to Microstate 1 (MS1) (Avg for MS1) of the MMN amplitude to predict the levels of consciousness. The results showed that among the four microstates clustered, MS1 showed statistical significance in terms of time proportion during the 100-250 ms period. Our results confirmed the activation patterns of MMN through functional connectivity analysis. Among the four MMN amplitude representations, the microstate-based representation showed the highest accuracy in distinguishing different levels of consciousness in patients with DoC (AUC = 0.89). We discovered a prediction model based on microstate calculation of MMN amplitude can accurately distinguish between MCS and VS states. And the functional connection of the MS1 is consistent with the activation mode of MMN.

Altered auditory processes pattern predicts cognitive decline in older adults: different modalities with aging.

Cohort studies have shown that older adults with hearing impairment as assessed by self-report or behavioral measures are at higher risk of developing dementia many years later. A fine-grained examination of auditory processing holds promise for more effective screening of older adults at risk of cognitive decline. The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) measure enables one to gain insights into the neurobiological substrate of central auditory processing. We hypothesized that older adults showing compromised indexes of MMN at baseline would exhibit cognitive decline at the one-year follow-up. We performed cognitive evaluations with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS; Form A and Form B) in 108 community-dwelling older adults and acquired EEG via the classic passive auditory oddball paradigm at baseline and 12-month follow-up. The results showed that young-old adults with future cognitive decline showed a decrease in MMN peak amplitude, accompanied by a forward-shifting latency, whereas in older adults it showed a delay in MMN latency, and unchanged MMN peak amplitude at midline electrodes (Fz, FCz and Cz). Furthermore, the peak amplitude of the MMN decreases with age in older adults aged 70-80 years rather than 60-70 years or > 80 years. The altered MMN model exists in different aging stages and it's a promising electrophysiological predictor of cognitive decline in older adults. In addition, further research is needed to determine the neural mechanisms and potential implications of the accelerated decline in MMN in older adults.

Capturing the attentional response to clinical auditory alarms: An ERP study on priority pulses.

Clinical auditory alarms are often found in hospital wards and operating rooms. In these environments, regular daily tasks can result in having a multitude of concurrent sounds (from staff and patients, building systems, carts, cleaning devices, and importantly, patient monitoring devices) which easily amount to a prevalent cacophony. The negative impact of this soundscape on staff and patients' health and well-being, as well as in their performance, demand for accordingly designed sound alarms. The recently updated IEC60601-1-8 standard, in guidance for medical equipment auditory alarms, proposed a set of pointers to distinctly convey medium or high levels of priority (urgency). However, conveying priority without compromising other features, such as ease of learnability and detectability, is an ongoing challenge. Electroencephalography, a non-invasive technique for measuring the brain response to a given stimulus, suggests that certain Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) components such as the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and P3a may be the key to uncovering how sounds are processed at the pre-attentional level and how they may capture our attention. In this study, the brain dynamics in response to the priority pulses of the updated IEC60601-1-8 standard was studied via ERPs (MMN and P3a), for a soundscape characterised by the repetition of a sound (generic SpO2 "beep"), usually present in operating and recovery rooms. Additional behavioural experiments assessed the behavioural response to these priority pulses. Results showed that the Medium Priority pulse elicits a larger MMN and P3a peak amplitude when compared to the High Priority pulse. This suggests that, at least for the applied soundscape, the Medium Priority pulse is more easily detected and attended at the neural level. Behavioural data supports this indication, showing significantly shorter reaction times for the Medium Priority pulse. The results pose the possibility that priority pointers of the updated IEC60601-1-8 standard may not be successfully conveying their intended priority levels, which may not only be due to design properties but also to the soundscape in which these clinical alarms are deployed. This study highlights the need for intervention in both hospital soundscapes and auditory alarm design settings.

Mismatch negativity and P3a in drug-naive adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often display over-response to stimuli that are irrelevant to the ongoing task, and their attentional abilities disproportionately worsen in the presence of competing stimuli. Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) such as mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a using the passive oddball paradigm have been studied in children and adolescents with ADHD. Still, there is no such data for adults with ADHD. This study aimed to compare the MMN and P3a and their clinical and neurocognitive correlations between drug-naive adults with ADHD and control adults. We recruited 52 adults with ADHD (26.5 ± 6.2 years), and 62 age-matched controls (25.6 ± 5.6 years). They received the psychiatric interviews, auditory ERP, the Conners' continuous performance test (CCPT), and the Cambridge gambling test (CGT). They also completed the questionnaires about ADHD symptoms and real-world executive functions. MMN and P3a were assessed during a passive duration-deviant auditory oddball paradigm from the midline electrodes Cz. Adults with ADHD demonstrated smaller Cz MMN amplitude, more severe ADHD symptoms, poorer attention profiles (CCPT), and a wide range of executive dysfunctions than controls. As for the correlates, Cz peak amplitude of MMN correlated with inattention symptoms, executive dysfunctions, attentional vigilance (CCPT), and decision-making (CGT) in ADHD adults but only with decision-making in controls. Our findings that smaller amplitude of MMN and its differential associated pattern with inattention, real-world executive dysfunction, and decision-making, in drug-naive adults with ADHD from adult controls, provide evidence to support the potential electrophysiological biomarker for adult ADHD.

Aberrant Frequency Related Change-Detection Activity in Chronic Tinnitus.

Tinnitus is the perception of sound without the occurrence of an acoustic event. The deficit in auditory sensory or echoic memory may be the cause of the perception of tinnitus. This study considered the mismatch negativity (MMN) to investigate the potential difference between and within groups of persons with normal hearing (NH) and tinnitus. Using an auditory multi-feature paradigm to elicit the MMN, this study considered the MMN peak amplitude at two central frequencies for two MMN subcomponents. These central frequencies were 1 and 5 kHz, which the latter was closer to the perceived tinnitus frequency in the group with tinnitus. The deviants were higher frequency, lower frequency, higher intensity, lower intensity, duration, location (left), location (right), and gap. The pure tone audiometry (PTA) test and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) test showed no meaningful difference between the two groups. For the frontal subcomponent, the mean amplitudes of the MMN peak for the two groups illustrated less negative meaningful MMN peak amplitudes in the group of persons with tinnitus. For the supratemporal component at 5 kHz central frequency, amplitudes were lower for the group of persons with tinnitus, whereas for the central frequency of 1 kHz, most deviants exhibited meaningful differences. Additionally, within-group comparisons indicated that mean amplitudes for both groups were more negative at the central frequency of 1 kHz for the frontal MMN subcomponent. In comparison, the supratemporal component illustrated a lower peak amplitude at 5 kHz central frequency in the group of persons with tinnitus and no difference in the NH group, which is a unique observation of this study. Results of the between-groups are in accordance with previous studies and within-group comparisons consider the probability of decreasing the change detection capability of the brain. The results of this study indicate that increasing the frequency of the stimuli close to the tinnitus perceived frequencies decreases the prediction error, including the prediction error of the silence. Such a decrease may cause the prediction error of the spontaneous neural activity in the auditory pathway to exceed the silence prediction error, and as a result, increases the probability of occurrence of tinnitus in higher frequencies according to the predictive coding model.

T52. Mismatch negativity in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

Dementia is the major health issue in aging society. Among which, Alzheimer disease is the leading cause of dementia. The accumulation of amyloid plague causes the possible neurotoxicity of the brain particularly in hippocampus area, which results in the short-term memory loss as the early clinical symptom of the Alzheimer disease. The abnormal plasticity related to the NMDA receptor lies in the underlying mechanism of functional abnormality. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event related potential reflecting the automatic novel detection in our brain which related to fronto-temporal circuits. It could be meliorated by the NMDA blockade. Here, we tried to use MMN as a biomarker for the detection of functional abnormality in Alzheimer disease. Total 25 healthy normal controls (6 Males and 19 Females) and 25 AD patients (10 Males and 15 Females) were completely collected. We recorded auditory MMN with four-deviant protocol with 32-channel EEG. Table 1 showed the individual MMSE score and profile of the patients. In Fig. 1, the MMN component was identified as the peak negative wave within the 150–250 ms latency range. We evaluated the peak amplitude and peak latency of MMN at the Fz electrode. Table 2 showed the average latency and amplitude of MMN in controls and dementia patients. A significant difference was noted in protocol 3 (p = 0.03, independent t-test) and a trend of significance in protocol 2 and 4 (p = 0.06, p = 0.07). Fig. 2 showed the relative change of normalized Mismatch Negativity amplitude in responsive to the protocol change. There was a trend of increasing ratio in normal subjects but not in dementia patients. In consistence with other papers, we found reduced MMN in dementia patients, which may related to abnormal NMDA related plasticity change due to short-term memory impairment. Of interest, we also found the increasing trend of normalized Mismatch Negativity amplitude in responsive to the protocol change in normal subjects but not in dementia patients. This novel results serve a possible biomarker in the detection of functional abnormality in dementia patients.

Comparison of Pre-Attentive Auditory Discrimination at Gross and Fine Difference between Auditory Stimuli.

Introduction Mismatch Negativity is a negative component of the event-related potential (ERP) elicited by any discriminable changes in auditory stimulation. Objective The present study aimed to assess pre-attentive auditory discrimination skill with fine and gross difference between auditory stimuli. Method Seventeen normal hearing individual participated in the study. To assess pre-attentive auditory discrimination skill with fine difference between auditory stimuli, we recorded mismatch negativity (MMN) with pair of stimuli (pure tones), using /1000 Hz/ and /1010 Hz/ with /1000 Hz/ as frequent stimulus and /1010 Hz/ as infrequent stimulus. Similarly, we used /1000 Hz/ and /1100 Hz/ with /1000 Hz/ as frequent stimulus and /1100 Hz/ as infrequent stimulus to assess pre-attentive auditory discrimination skill with gross difference between auditory stimuli. The study included 17 subjects with informed consent. We analyzed MMN for onset latency, offset latency, peak latency, peak amplitude, and area under the curve parameters. Result Results revealed that MMN was present only in 64% of the individuals in both conditions. Further Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) showed no significant difference in all measures of MMN (onset latency, offset latency, peak latency, peak amplitude, and area under the curve) in both conditions. Conclusion The present study showed similar pre-attentive skills for both conditions: fine (1000 Hz and 1010 Hz) and gross (1000 Hz and 1100 Hz) difference in auditory stimuli at a higher level (endogenous) of the auditory system.

A systematic review of the mismatch negativity as an index for auditory sensory memory: From basic research to clinical and developmental perspectives

Auditory sensory memory is an important ability for successful language acquisition and processing. The mismatch negativity (MMN) in response to auditory stimuli has been proposed as an objective tool to measure the existence of auditory sensory memory traces. By increasing interstimulus intervals, attenuation of MMN peak amplitude and increased MMN peak latency have been suggested to reflect duration and decay of sensory memory traces. The aim of the present study is to conduct a systematic review of studies investigating sensory memory duration with MMN. Searches of electronic databases yielded 743 articles. Of these, 37 studies met final eligibility criteria. Results point to maturational changes in the time span of auditory sensory memory from birth on with a peak in young adulthood, as well as to a decrease of sensory memory duration in healthy aging. Furthermore, this review suggests that sensory memory decline is related to diverse neurological, psychiatric, and pediatric diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, alcohol abuse, schizophrenia, and language disorders. This review underlines that the MMN provides a unique window to the cognitive processes of auditory sensory memory. However, further studies combining electrophysiological and behavioral data, and further studies in clinical populations are needed, also on individual levels, to validate the MMN as a clinical tool for the assessment of sensory memory duration.

Impaired mismatch negativity is associated with current functional status rather than genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia

The aim of this study is to investigate whether mismatch negativity (MMN) is associated with functional status or is a state-independent trait for schizophrenia. We assessed MMN in 26 patients with schizophrenia, 20 healthy subjects with high genetic loading, and 48 healthy controls. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Pearson׳s correlations were used to test the hypothesis that MMN is not state-independent. We found a significant main effect of group, indicating differences in the peak amplitudes of the MMN among the three groups. Post-hoc analyses revealed that schizophrenia patients showed a significant reduction in the peak amplitude of MMN, but subjects at high genetic risk and healthy controls did not. Additionally, significant correlations between Global Assessment of Functioning scores and MMN peak amplitude at Fz and Cz were found in patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that MMN may reflect current functional status rather than a genetic risk for schizophrenia.

Bi‐directional modulation of somatosensory mismatch negativity with transcranial direct current stimulation: an event related potential study

Appropriate orientation towards potentially salient novel environmental stimuli requires a system capable of detecting change in the sensorium. Mismatch negativity (MMN), an evoked potential calculated by subtracting the response to a standard repeated stimulus and a rare 'oddball' stimulus, is proposed as such a change detection mechanism. It is most widely studied in the auditory domain, but here we chose to explore the mechanism of somatosensory MMN, and specifically its dependence on the cerebellum. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked in response to auditory and sensory stimuli from 10 healthy subjects before and after anodal, cathodal and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right cerebellar hemisphere. There was a significant increase in peak amplitude of somatosensory MMN after anodal tDCS (F(1,9) = 8.98, P < 0.02, mean difference anodal pre-post: -1.02 μV) and a significant reduction in peak amplitude of somatosensory MMN after cathodal tDCS (F(1,9) = 7.15, P < 0.03, mean difference cathodal pre-post: 0.65 μV). The amplitude of auditory MMN was unchanged by tDCS. These results reveal the capability of tDCS to cause bidirectional modulation of somatosensory MMN and the dependence of somatosensory MMN on the cerebellum.

Cortical Encoding of Timbre Changes in Cochlear Implant Users

Most cochlear implant (CI) users describe music as a noise-like and unpleasant sound. Using behavioral tests, most prior studies have shown that perception of pitch-based melody and timbre is poor in CI users. This article will focus on cortical encoding of timbre changes in CI users, which may allow us to find solutions to further improve CI benefits. Furthermore, the value of using objective measures to reveal neural encoding of timbre changes may be reflected in this study. A case-control study of the mismatch negativity (MMN) using electrophysiological technique was conducted. To derive MMNs, three randomly arranged oddball paradigms consisting of standard/deviant instrumental pairs: saxophone/piano, cello/trombone, and flute/French horn, respectively, were presented. Ten CI users and ten normal-hearing (NH) listeners participated in this study. After filtering, epoching, and baseline correction, independent component analysis (ICA) was performed to remove artifacts. The averaged waveforms in response to the standard stimuli (STANDARD waveform) and the deviant stimuli (DEVIANT waveform) in each condition were separately derived. The responses from nine electrodes in the fronto-central area were averaged to form one waveform. The STANDARD waveform was subtracted from the DEVIANT waveform to derive the difference waveform, for which the MMN was judged to be present or absent. The measures used to evaluate the MMN included the MMN peak latency and amplitude as well as MMN duration. The MMN, which reflects the ability to automatically detect acoustic changes, was present in all NH listeners but only approximately half of CI users. In CI users with present MMNs, the MMN peak amplitude and duration were significantly smaller and shorter compared to those in NH listeners. Our electrophysiological results were consistent with prior behavioral results that CI users' performance in timbre perception was significantly poorer than that in NH listeners. Our results may suggest that timbre information is poorly registered in the auditory cortex of CI users and the capability of automatic detection of timbre changes is degraded in CI users. Although there are some limitations of the MMN in CI users, along with other objective auditory evoked potential tools, the MMN may be a useful objective tool to indicate the extent of sound registration in auditory cortex in the future efforts of improving CI design and speech strategy.

BENEFITS OF MULTI-DOMAIN FEATURE OF MISMATCH NEGATIVITY EXTRACTED BY NON-NEGATIVE TENSOR FACTORIZATION FROM EEG COLLECTED BY LOW-DENSITY ARRAY

Through exploiting temporal, spectral, time-frequency representations, and spatial properties of mismatch negativity (MMN) simultaneously, this study extracts a multi-domain feature of MMN mainly using non-negative tensor factorization. In our experiment, the peak amplitude of MMN between children with reading disability and children with attention deficit was not significantly different, whereas the new feature of MMN significantly discriminated the two groups of children. This is because the feature was derived from multi-domain information with significant reduction of the heterogeneous effect of datasets.

The effect of measurement error on the test–retest reliability of repeated mismatch negativity measurements

Objective The aim was to study how the measurement error affects the repeatability of mismatch negativity (MMN) measurements. Methods Event-related potentials (ERPs) to changes in sound frequency, location, intensity, duration, and composition were recorded five times during 1–3 weeks from 13 healthy adults using a multi-feature MMN paradigm. The accumulation of MMN was modeled empirically with respect to measurement error, and repeatability was estimated at 0.6–3.5-μV error levels. The analysis was made for the results in the single deviant conditions and their pattern (auditory discrimination profile). Results At the single-subject level, the measurement error significantly affected the repeatability until it went below 9–17% of MMN peak amplitude. At the group level, the threshold was higher. Peak amplitude was generally the most repeatable parameter. Latency was superior when the error was moderate or small (<2–3 μV). Conclusions The measurement error affects the repeatability of MMN. In single-subject studies, it should not be neglected if it exceeds 10% of the MMN amplitude. The application of the auditory discrimination profile is recommended for future applications. Significance The study provided quantitative results to support the discussion on improving the repeatability of the MMN measurements. They are expected to apply conditionally to other ERP measurements, too.

SINGLE-TRIAL BASED INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS ON MISMATCH NEGATIVITY IN CHILDREN

Independent component analysis (ICA) does not follow the superposition rule. This motivates us to study a negative event-related potential - mismatch negativity (MMN) estimated by the single-trial based ICA (sICA) and averaged trace based ICA (aICA), respectively. To sICA, an optimal digital filter (ODF) was used to remove low-frequency noise. As a result, this study demonstrates that the performance of the sICA+ODF and aICA could be different. Moreover, MMN under sICA+ODF fits better with the theoretical expectation, i.e., larger deviant elicits larger MMN peak amplitude.

Auditory event related potentials as tools to reveal cognitive late effects in childhood cancer patients

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze event related potentials mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a in childhood cancer patients at the time of diagnosis (Study 1) and after treatment (Study 2) to evaluate their clinical usefulness in screening potential treatment-related neurotoxicity. Methods The MMN and P3a to phonetic stimuli were examined in 27 childhood cancer patients with age- and sex-matched controls. Neuropsychological tests were also studied. Results The MMN peak amplitude was attenuated in the patient group at Study 1. Between the studies, poorer enhancement of the MMN peak amplitude correlated with deterioration in the Verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) in leukaemia patients. In addition, prolongation of the MMN peak latency correlated significantly with deterioration in the Full Scale and Performance IQ in the patient group. Deterioration in the Arithmetic subtest and Performance IQ correlated negatively with the age at diagnosis. Conclusions The MMN changes between the studies associated with deterioration in the neuropsychological tests indicating that the method could be clinically useful. The performance of the younger patients was more likely to deteriorate during the treatment. Significance Changes in the MMN response during cancer treatment seem to be of clinical importance as indicates of the cognitive outcome of childhood cancer patients.

Two languages in one brain - slower phonological processing

Event Abstract Back to Event Two languages in one brain - slower phonological processing Maija Peltola1, 2*, H. Tamminen1, 2, H. Lehtola1, 2, T. Kujala3 and R. Näätänen3, 4, 5 1 Department of Phonetics, University of Turku, Finland 2 Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Turku, Finland 3 Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland 4 Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia 5 Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, University of Aarhus, Denmark Phoneme perception is known to be language-specific so that mother tongue contrasts are discriminated easily and preattentively on the basis of long term memory traces. Behavioral and psychophysiological studies have established that discrimination sensitivity is at its peak at the native language phoneme boundaries and lowest near the native speech sound category prototypes. Bilinguals have a large amount of phonological categories that need to be kept apart. The aim of the present study was to determine whether monolinguals and bilinguals perceive speech sounds similarly or whether the two systems in bilinguals interact in a manner that one native language may be affected by the other. Two groups participated in the experiment: Group 1 consisted of 10 native speakers of Finnish and Group 2 of 12 balanced Finnish-Swedish bilinguals. Both groups were tested by the same Finnish speaking researcher. The stimuli were individually chosen on the basis of a prior identification experiment, which covered the rounded closed vowel continuum ranging form /y/ to /u/. The stimulus pair crossed the Finnish phoneme boundary /y/-/u/, but it was within the Swedish fronted /u/ vowel. We analyzed both the MMN peak latency (150-300 ms) and amplitude (two consecutive time windows 180-230 ms and 230-280 ms). The latency analysis revealed a significant effect of group resulting from a longer MMN latency in the bilingual than monolingual group. Consistently, the amplitude analysis revealed a significant interaction between the time window and group, again showing the lateness of the bilingual response. In addition, the amplitude analysis showed a group main effect suggesting a reduced MMN amplitude in the bilingual group. The groups differed significantly in their responses in the fist time window, where the monolinguals’ response was larger, but no group differences were found in the second time window. These results suggest slower preattentive processing in bilinguals than in monolinguals. This might be due to the more extensive intertwined phonological system from which items are accessed more slowly. The result showing a reduced MMN amplitude in bilinguals may be explained by interference from the other system, where the same contrast is non-phonemic, thus resulting in a small response. Conference: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications, Budapest, Hungary, 4 Apr - 7 Apr, 2009. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Poster Presentations Citation: Peltola M, Tamminen H, Lehtola H, Kujala T and Näätänen R (2009). Two languages in one brain - slower phonological processing. Conference Abstract: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.09.2009.05.149 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 26 Mar 2009; Published Online: 26 Mar 2009. * Correspondence: Maija Peltola, Department of Phonetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, maipie@utu.fi Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Maija Peltola H. Tamminen H. Lehtola T. Kujala R. Näätänen Google Maija Peltola H. Tamminen H. Lehtola T. Kujala R. Näätänen Google Scholar Maija Peltola H. Tamminen H. Lehtola T. Kujala R. Näätänen PubMed Maija Peltola H. Tamminen H. Lehtola T. Kujala R. Näätänen Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Demonstration of MMN in human subjects after stimulation with two complex deviant sounds

Event Abstract Back to Event Demonstration of MMN in human subjects after stimulation with two complex deviant sounds Georgia Psiouri1*, Maria L. Stavrinou1, Andrew Koupparis1, Vassileios Kokkinos1 and George K. Kostopoulos1 1 University of Patras, Department of Physiology, Medical School, Greece Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a negative EEG potential evoked when a deviant stimulus interferes in a sequence of standard stimuli. It can be observed in many modalities: visual, olfactory, as well as auditory. We used auditory stimulation to evoke the MMN, in the form of a modified oddball paradigm, where at least 3 standard sound stimuli always preceded a deviant. Our deviant stimuli were of two kinds: one (D1) comprised of two simultaneous frequencies [800+700] Hz (of 100ms duration), and a second one (D2) of two consecutive frequencies [800 and 700] Hz lasting 50ms each. The standard tone (S) was a sound of 800 Hz lasting 100 ms. Seven healthy volunteers (4 females) participated (age range 22-34 years). We conducted two kinds of experiments (of 880 number trials each), one with passive listening to the stimuli (no-attention condition) and one where subjects tried to distinguish the deviant stimuli (attention condition). We demonstrated MMN waveforms as a negative peak for each condition and deviant, approx. 200ms after onset of the stimulus. Statistical analysis (1-way ANOVA) was performed for the peak latency and amplitude of the MMN for the electrode Fz, for the following four groups: (1) attention, stimulus D2-S (subtraction of averaged curves), (2) no-attention D2-S, (3) attention D1-S, (4) no-attention D1-S. No statistically significant differences were found for the MMN peak latency. The mean MMN peak amplitude was significantly higher for the D1 stimulus in the no-attention D2-S compared to the no-attention D1-S condition (p=0.03). This result can be regarded as an indication that the MMN response is relevant to the complexity and the power of the sound stimulus. Moreover, no statistically different peak MMN value was found between the attention and the no-attention conditions for each sound stimulus. This indicates that the MMN might be related to unconscious mechanisms. Conference: 41st European Brain and Behaviour Society Meeting, Rhodes Island, Greece, 13 Sep - 18 Sep, 2009. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Poster presentations Citation: Psiouri G, Stavrinou ML, Koupparis A, Kokkinos V and Kostopoulos GK (2009). Demonstration of MMN in human subjects after stimulation with two complex deviant sounds. Conference Abstract: 41st European Brain and Behaviour Society Meeting. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.08.2009.09.264 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 12 Jun 2009; Published Online: 12 Jun 2009. * Correspondence: Georgia Psiouri, University of Patras, Department of Physiology, Medical School, Patras, Greece, gpsiouri@yahoo.gr Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Georgia Psiouri Maria L Stavrinou Andrew Koupparis Vassileios Kokkinos George K Kostopoulos Google Georgia Psiouri Maria L Stavrinou Andrew Koupparis Vassileios Kokkinos George K Kostopoulos Google Scholar Georgia Psiouri Maria L Stavrinou Andrew Koupparis Vassileios Kokkinos George K Kostopoulos PubMed Georgia Psiouri Maria L Stavrinou Andrew Koupparis Vassileios Kokkinos George K Kostopoulos Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Does Mismatch Negativity Show Differences in Reading-Disabled Children Compared to Normal Children and Children with Attention Deficit?

An auditory event-related potential (ERP) component called mismatch negativity (MMN) was examined in three groups of children (n = 63) aged 8–14 years. A control group comprised healthy children in second or sixth grade of comprehensive school (n = 21). The two clinical groups included children with reading disability (RD) (n = 21) and children with attention deficit (AD) (n = 21). MMN was elicited in a passive oddball paradigm by duration changes in a continuous sound, consisting of two alternating (600 and 800 Hz) 100 msec tones. The deviant tones were either 30 or 50 msec in duration. Both deviants elicited a clear MMN in all groups. Statistical analyses showed no systematic difference in the MMN peak latencies or amplitudes between the groups. A significant difference between the RD group and the control group was observed in the lateralization of the MMN peak amplitudes.

Temporal resolution in young and elderly subjects as measured by mismatch negativity and a psychoacoustic gap detection task

Objectives: The speech understanding difficulties of elderly persons with age-related hearing loss may be related in part to reduced auditory temporal resolution. To investigate the effects of aging on temporal resolution, the electrophysiological and psychoacoustic detection thresholds for a very short silent gap within a pure tone were determined, and the relation between the two test results was examined. Methods: Behavioral gap detection thresholds were determined in 10 young and 10 elderly normally hearing subjects using an adaptive test procedure. To elicit mismatch negativity (MMN), deviant stimuli with gap durations varying from 6 to 24 ms in 3 ms steps were presented in separate test blocks. Results: There were no significant differences in the psychoacoustic gap detection thresholds between young and elderly subjects. In contrast, longer gaps were needed to elicit MMN in elderly subjects. They also had significantly reduced MMN peak amplitudes, increased MMN peak latencies, a significantly smaller P2 amplitude and longer P2 latency in their responses to the standard stimulus when compared to the same measures in young subjects. Conclusions: Processing of basic temporal stimulus features in elderly subjects is considerably more reduced at the preattentive level (as indicated by MMN), than when attention is directed to the task (as indicated by the psychoacoustic results).

The intensity of masking noise affects the mismatch negativity to speech sounds in human subjects

The present study investigated the effects of decreased audibility of the speech sounds ‘ba’ and ‘da’ on the mismatch negativity (MMN). Audibility was altered by varying the intensity of the masking noise to be either 0 (no noise), 65, 70 or 75 dB speech perception level. Cortical event-related potentials were recorded while normal listeners ( n=7) were instructed to ignore the stimuli. In a separate condition, subjects were asked to signal detection of the deviant stimulus by button-press. As audibility of speech sounds was decreased, MMN peak amplitude decreased and MMN peak latency increased. Behavioral responses were in accordance with the MMN data. Hit rates decreased as audibility decreased. These results suggest that both pre-attentive and attentive speech discrimination deteriorate following a reduction in audibility.