Mishap Rates Research Articles

Association between marine corps safety management system assessment results and injury rates and outcomes

Occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMSs) have been proposed as a method of managing human health and safety risk and reduce injuries and illnesses. The investigation objective was to determine the association between OHSMS performance, as measured by scores from assessments and inspections, and mishap rates and mishap outcomes. Results for 55 OHSMS assessments/inspections across 15 organizations from the years 2017–2022 were analyzed. Results were paired with 545 mishaps and according to mishap classification, mishap category, and mishap severity. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine strength and significance of association between OHSMS performance and mishap rates. Improved OHSMS performance, as measured by scores from assessments and inspections, was associated with lower severity mishap occurrence such as reduced rates of fatalities, permanent total and partial disability, and property damage. Mishaps involving fatalities and permanent total disability had the strongest association with measured OHSMS performance. This research indicates that higher levels of OHSMS performance may help reduce severe worker injuries and illnesses and reduce mishap costs.

IoT : Security & Challenges of 5G Network in Smart Cities

The fifth era (5G) will overwhelm in the brilliant urban areas where 5G gives every one of the offices most extreme security and privacy. As to administrations, superfluous mishap rates are expanding with digital assaults also, dangers. All security issues for 5 G-based framework will confront many difficulties like secure transportation administrations which is one of the 2030 drives in quite a large number nations. Safeguarding the infrastructure is then extremely significant of 5G-empowered IoT sharing of information against these assaults. This requires the analysts working in this space to propose different sorts of safety conventions under various kinds of classes, as key administration, client validation/gadget confirmation, access control/client access control, and interruption discovery. As the interest for portable information develops, versatile administrators and makers are confronted with a problem. There is a limited measure of radio recurrence range accessible at any one second, yet to satisfy client interest, they should further develop limit and convey higher correspondence rates. This paper gives bits of knowledge into the basic issues and challenges connected with the security, protection, and trust issues of 5G network.

Traffic Sign Classification

Abstract: The traffic signs engraved on the streets nowadays improve traffic security by advising the driver regarding speed limits or any further potential perils like profound thrilling streets, inescapable fix street works or any common intersections. With the quick improvement of economy and innovation in the cutting edge society, vehicles have become an imperative method for transportation in the day by day travel of individuals. Albeit the fame of autos has acquainted impressive comfort with individuals, it has additionally caused a various traffic security issues that can't be overlooked, for example, gridlock and successive street mishaps. Traffic security issues are to a great extent brought about by abstract reasons identified with the driver, like obliviousness, inappropriate driving activity and resistance with traffic rules, and keen vehicles have become a compelling way to wipe out these human components. Self-driving innovation can help, or even autonomously complete the driving activity, which is vital to free the human body and extensively lessen the rate of mishaps. Traffic sign identification and acknowledgment are significant in the advancement of astute vehicles, which straightforwardly influences the execution of driving practices. Traffic sign identification and grouping is of vital significance for the fate of independent vehicle innovation. We benchmark the commented on dataset with AI baselines Convolutional Neural Organizations (CNN). Computational strategies for AI (ML) have shown their importance for the projection of possible outcomes for educated choices. AI calculations have been applied for quite a while in numerous applications. An information driven methodology with higher precision as here can be extremely valuable for a proactive reaction from the public authority and residents. At long last, we propose a bunch of exploration openings and arrangement justification for additional useful applications. Keywords: Convolutional Neural Networks, Traffic sign detection, Traffic safety, Computational Methods, machine Learning Algorithms

Abnormality Detection in Roads taking Data Mining Approach

Investigation of street mishap is extraordinarily essential because of it will uncover the connection between the different kinds of qualities that adds to a street mishap. Qualities that affect the street mishap will be street trait, environmental factors ascribes, traffic credits and so on Breaking down street mishap will give the information with respect to the commitment of those ascribes which may be utilized to beat the mishap rate. These days, information handling could be an inescapable procedure for inspecting the street mishap dataset. during this investigation, we have played out the characterization of street mishap on the possibility of street client class. we have utilized Self Organizing map (SOM), K- modes group strategy to bunch the data into steady portions thus applied SVM,NB and call tree to characterize the information. we have performed characterization on information with and keeping in mind that not group. The outcome represents that higher grouping exactness will be accomplished when division of data exploitation bunch.

The impact of human factors on pilots’ safety behavior in offshore aviation companies: A brazilian case

This study explores the concepts of human factors and their key role in the safety of offshore aviation companies through qualitative research. Since between 70% and 80% of all aviation accidents are attributable to a human error somewhere in the chain of causation, the more efficient attempts to reduce the aviation accident rates are those that are developed upon a sound understanding and application of human factors. The objective of this paper is to identify the main human factors that impact the safety of Brazilian offshore aviation operations and their adverse role on pilots’ behavior. By mapping those human factors and comprehending their implications on pilots’ safety behavior, managers and aviation safety professionals would have a better knowledge of the context of the sector and their company specificities. In order to dive into which human factors pilots of different levels of expertise and experience perceived as the most relevant to their safety, 16 helicopter pilots were interviewed. The results indicate that the current situation of the Brazilian offshore aviation sector is unique as well as delicate. Offshore aviation companies demonstrate, to some extent, a disregard for human factors, especially when they negatively impact profitability. Hence, those organizations need to approach aviation safety in a comprehensive and meticulous way if they don’t want to witness current mishap rates producing an unacceptable frequency of accidents due to human factors.

Construction automation

Construction industry is creating a lot of enthusiasm for the construction network throughout the most recent couple of decades. This incorporates with skilled work power, adequate cash, and time when it is finished by ordinarily. As these necessities are not constantly accessible in all circumstances, the industry is confronting issues like consistently declining profitability, low work productivity in construction, a high mishap rate, low quality, deficient control of the building site, and the evaporating of the talented work power. To conquer the previously mentioned issues the terms ROBOTICS and AUTOMATION presented. The robots utilized in the construction have followed a similar idea as those utilized in assembling. Building robots have been utilized in different errands including material taking care of, different inside and outside completing assignments and quality control. Be that as it may, this use of mechanical autonomy in the construction business is not completely embraced. The purposes behind this circumstance are distinguished as existing robots are not all around embraced to building construction, issues related with the routinely planned structure, hard to legitimize robot business financially and administrative hindrances. The construction business requests a profitability increment that cannot be achieved by methods for customary techniques that have just arrived at their framework confines and cannot add to advance viability. Further justification must be accomplished by the decrease of work and construction times. Maybe if no critical research advances, temporary workers will have the option to tackle their issues by bringing in mechanical technology and procedure-controlled machines from abroad. Consequently, there is a need to sustain the advancement of effective innovative work programs in construction mechanization and apply autonomy. This paper makes an endeavour to utilize robots in the construction business, recorded to diminish risks at work destinations, improve quality, and decrease the expense of construction. A contextual investigation has been considered to show the appropriateness of robots in the construction business.

Fatigue-Related Aviation Mishaps

INTRODUCTION: Fatigue is a critical safety issue to U.S. Air Force (USAF) flight and ground crew. Nearly 15 yr of mishap reports were analyzed to determine how fatigue affects USAF operations with the goal of improving fatigue risk management policies and tools.METHODS: Summary data for 19,920 aviation mishap reports dating back to 2003 were collected from the Air Force Safety Automated System (AFSAS). Fatigue-related mishaps were identified based on designations provided within AFSAS. Other metrics examined were characteristics such as timing, cost, and aircraft metrics, among others. Contingency tables built from these metrics were used to assess fatigue-related trends across the aviation community.RESULTS: While only 3.88% of all mishaps were identified as fatigue-related, they are associated with 2.1 billion of medical expenses and property damage, or 18% of the 11.7 billion total cost of all mishaps included in the study. Nearly a quarter of the fatigue-related mishaps fall into the most severe mishap category and more than half occurred between 0100 and 0700, local time. Fatigue-related mishaps tended to be more common for Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) and ground operations.DISCUSSION: Fatigue is very costly to the USAF despite the relatively low incidence rate of fatigue-related mishaps. This is because larger proportions of severe mishaps were found to be fatigue-related. RPA and ground maintenance operators might be especially susceptible to fatigue and potentially lack adequate fatigue mitigation support and training tailored to their unique operational environment, suggesting a need to improve upon fatigue mitigation tools and strategies.Gaines AR, Morris MB, Gunzelmann G. Fatigue-related aviation mishaps. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(5):440447.

IR Remote Control and Eye Blink Sensor based Implementation of Driver Drowsiness Detection

Street mishaps are a typical marvel in our everyday lives. Every year these street mishaps prompted numerous passings, deadly wounds and monetary misfortunes everywhere throughout the world. India positions first in the number of street mishap passings over the 199 nations announced in the World Road Statistics, 2018 followed by China and the USA. According to the WHO Global Report on Road Safety 2018, India represents practically 11% of the mishap related passings in the World. One of the major reasons for these mishaps is the sleepiness of drivers. Accordingly, it is important to build up a strategy to recognize the driver's laziness to decrease the mishap rates. In this paper, we have proposed a recognizing, avoidance and alerting system to minimize the street mishaps which are causing due to the sleepiness of drivers using Arduino Microcontroller, Eye Blink Sensor, IR Remote Control and IR Remote Receive Module.

Multiple hierarchy risk assessment with hybrid model for safety enhancing of unmanned subscale BWB demonstrator flight test

To explore the low-speed characteristics of the Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) configuration for future civil aircraft, a series of unmanned subscale demonstrators have been developed and tested by our research team. During this process, specific safety risks deriving from uncertain design features, system unreliability, and insufficient personnel experience caused continuous flight test mishaps and the risk mechanism was not clear. Local and trial-and-error learning driven safety improvements took few effects on mishap prevention, so our focus was turned to look for systematic safety strategies. This paper establishes a systems theory based hybrid model to integrate the physical system reliability analysis techniques with the system dynamics method for illustrating the multiple risk interactions of the demonstrator flight test involving organizational, human resource and technical system factors. Using the prior BB-5 demonstrator as a case, the hybrid model simulation represents its historical risk evolution process, which verifies the model rationality. Derived risk control strategies reduced the mishap rate of a new demonstrator called BB-6 Sprit. The paper also shows the extended hybrid model can be applied on safety management of unmanned aerial vehicles from the initial period of vehicle development.

Mishaps and unsafe conditions in recreational scuba diving and pre-dive checklist use: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundRecreational scuba diving involves the use of complex instruments and specialized skills in an unforgiving environment. Errors in dive preparation in such an environment may lead to unsafe conditions, mishaps, injuries and fatalities. Diving mishaps can be major and minor based on their potential to cause injury and the severity of the resulting injury. The objective of this study is to assess the incidence of diving mishaps and unsafe conditions, and their associations with the participants’ routine use of their own checklists.MethodsBetween June and August 2012, 426 divers participated in the control group of a randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention pre-dive checklist. The current nested analysis prospectively follows the control participants, who did not receive the intervention checklist. Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate rate ratios comparing written checklist use with memorized and no checklist use.ResultsThe overall incidence of major mishaps and minor mishaps was 11.2 and 18.2 per 100 dives, respectively. Only 8% participants reported written checklist use, 71% reported using memorized checklists, and 21% did not use any checklist. The rate ratio for written checklist use as compared to using a memorized or no checklist was 0.47 (95%CI: 0.27, 0.83) for all mishaps (major and minor combined), and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.93) for major mishaps. The rate of mishaps among memorized checklist users was similar to no checklist users.ConclusionThis study reinforces the utility of written checklists to prevent mishaps and, potentially, injuries and fatalities.

The effect of using a pre-dive checklist on the incidence of diving mishaps in recreational scuba diving: a cluster-randomized trial.

Scuba diving mishaps, caused by equipment problems or human errors, increase the occurrence of injuries and fatalities while diving. Pre-dive checklists may mitigate mishaps. This study evaluated the effect of using a pre-dive checklist on the incidence of diving mishaps in recreational divers. A multi-location cluster-randomized trial with parallel groups and allocation concealment was conducted between 1 June and 17 August 2012. The participants had to be at least 18 years of age, permitted to dive by the dive operator and planning to dive on the day of participation. They were recruited at the pier and dive boats at four locations. The intervention group received a pre-dive checklist and post-dive log. The control group received a post-dive log only. The outcomes, self-reported major and minor mishaps, were prompted by a post-dive questionnaire. Mishap rates per 100 dives were compared using Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations. Intent-to-treat, per-protocol and marginal structural model analyses were conducted. A total of 1043 divers (intervention = 617; control = 426) made 2041 dives, on 70 location-days (intervention = 40; control = 30) at four locations. Compared with the control group, the incidence of major mishaps decreased in the intervention group by 36%, minor mishaps by 26% and all mishaps by 32%. On average, there was one fewer mishap in every 25 intervention dives. In this trial, pre-dive checklist use prevented mishaps which could lead to injuries and fatalities. Pre-dive checklists can increase diving safety and their use should be promoted. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01960738.

Development and Implementation of Checklists for Routine Anesthesia Care: A Proposal for Improving Patient Safety.

Development and Implementation of Checklists for Routine Anesthesia Care: A Proposal for Improving Patient Safety.

Analysis of an Intervention for Small Unmanned Aerial System (SUAS) Accidents: A Case Study Involving Simpson's Paradox

ABSTRACT We investigate a process intervention designed to lower small unmanned aerial system (SUAS) mishap rates. The intervention implemented review boards, required various certifications, and produced apparent decreases in flight failures and flight damage, albeit at increased costs. However, we demonstrate how the results actually represent an undetected example of Simpson's Paradox in which aggregated results yield differing conclusions than disaggregated results. We use the Wilson score method to produce confidence intervals on the difference in mishap rates both before and after the intervention. Using this method, we show that no mishap rate reduction was truly attributable to the process intervention. Our case study reinforces the importance of using deeper statistical knowledge when making policy decisions based in part on the statistical analysis of empirical data.

How System Errors Affect Aircrew Resource Management (CRM)

Abstract System errors, both mechanical and human in nature, can have a grave effect on aircrew judgement in flight. The effects of these errors can be massively compounded during emergency situations. Crew Resource Management (CRM) is an important process aircrews can utilize to minimize risks and enhance assessments. The employment of this technique can be validated by aviation mishaps over the last three decades and how system errors increased the probability of the incident occurring. Suggestions can be made to further prevent similar accidents from occurring in the future utilizing historical aeronautical records. This paper outlines an approach by which systems errors can be recognized and prevented using CRM. It is the hope of the authors that employing such an approach will drastically decrease the incidence rate and severity of aviation mishaps due to systems errors.

Spatial disorientation mishap trends in the U.S. Air force 1993-2013.

Spatial disorientation is a significant factor in a large percentage of military Class A aviation mishaps. While previous studies have analyzed accident statistics, they often suffer from methodological flaws, which lead to questionable conclusions. The current study relied upon the Air Force Safety Automated System to document U.S. Air Force Class A mishap investigations during the past 21 yr. Human Factors Analysis and Classification System codes were used to determine mishaps involving pilot spatial disorientation. The data were combined with data from the Reliability and Maintainability Information System to determine the accident rate per flight hour. There were 72 spatial disorientation (SD) mishaps analyzed, resulting in loss of 101 lives and 65 aircraft since fiscal year (FY) 1993 for a total monetary cost of 2.32 billion. Class A mishaps involving spatial disorientation had a higher rate as a function of hours flown for helicopter and fighter/attack fixed wing aircraft than other aircraft. Additionally, mishap rates for F-16 fighter/attack aircraft were marginally larger than for other fighter/attack aircraft. Although SD mishaps at night had similar mishap rates to daytime SD mishaps when adjusted by flight hours, SD mishaps account for a larger percent of Class A mishaps during the night than during the day. SD mishaps were analyzed in terms of Class A mishaps per million flight hours. Results indicate that future SD research should be focused on fighter/attack and helicopter platforms. Updates to the Air Force safety center database are recommended.

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON INJURY RELATED PHYSICAL DISABILITY IN URBAN SRI LANKA

BackgroundInjuries remain the leading cause of death and disability among all age groups except 60 years of age or older. Road traffic accidents, occupations, sports, violence and humanitarian crisis significantly...

An evaluation of the effectiveness of the crew resource management programme in naval aviation

The US Navy’s Crew Resource Management (CRM) training programme has not been evaluated within the last decade. Reactions were evaluated by analysing 51,570 responses to an item pertaining to CRM that is part of a safety climate survey. A total of 172 responses were obtained on a knowledge test. The attitudes of 553 naval aviators were assessed using an attitudes questionnaire. The CRM mishap rate from 1997 until 2007 was evaluated. It was found that naval aviators appear to think than CRM training is useful, are generally knowledgeable of, and display positive attitudes towards, the concepts addressed in the training. However, there is a lack of evidence to support the view that CRM training is having an effect on the mishap rate. As the next generation of highly automated aircraft becomes part of naval aviation, there is a need to ensure that CRM training evolves to meet this new challenge.

Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System design, integration, & flight test

Currently, the majority of collision avoidance systems on fighter aircraft depend on the pilot taking action whenever a warning is issued by the manual system. Any future substantial reductions in mishap rates will require extending the collision avoidance technology to systems that not only warn the pilot but also take control and fly the aircraft out of danger before returning control to the pilot. An Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System (Auto GCAS) will provide this extension of collision avoidance technology.

Design, integration and flight test of an autonomous ground collision avoidance system

Currently, the majority of collision avoidance systems on fighter aircraft depend on the pilot taking action whenever a warning is issued by the manual system. Any future substantial reductions in mishap rates will require extending the collision avoidance technology to systems that not only warn the pilot but also take control and fly the aircraft out of danger before returning control to the pilot. An Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System (Auto GCAS) will provide this extension of collision avoidance technology.

Carrier Air Wing Mishap Reduction Using a Human Factors Classification System and Risk Management

In 1998, the Navy's center of excellence for advanced air wing combat operations, namely the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (NSAWC), had a spike in Class A flight mishaps. The spike triggered an intense review of prior mishaps and current mishap-reduction practices using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). The review resulted in NSAWC instituting a comprehensive multifactorial mishap reduction plan applying Operational Risk Management (ORM) precepts. This is a nonrandomized investigational study with use of a historical comparison population. The Class A mishap rate per flight hour covering 10 yr prior to the mishap reduction efforts was estimated and compared to the Class A mishap rate per flight hour for the 10 yr after implementation using Poisson regression. Combined Fleet and NSAWC data shows a 27% reduction in mishap rate, but the 21% reduction in the Fleet alone was not statistically significant. The mishap reduction at NSAWC was statistically significant with an 84% reduction. Fallon carrier air wing mishap rates post-ORM mishap reduction efforts are approaching those seen in the Fleet, but are still elevated overall (3.7 vs. 2.4). The incidence rate ratio was 80% lower at Fallon than the rest of the Fleet, indicating a significantly greater reduction in NSAWC air wing mishaps and suggests focused aviation mishap reduction efforts in similar circumstances could result in similar reductions.