Violent Crime Research Articles

Mortality among individuals with substance use disorder—does violent criminal behavior have an impact?

IntroductionUnderstanding violent criminality and its impact on health and eventually the risk of premature mortality is important for efficient future interventions. This study aimed to explore the effect violent criminality had on premature mortality (i.e., death before the age of 65) among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs).MethodsThe cohort was created by identifying all Swedish patients diagnosed with SUD between the first of January 2013 and 31st of December 2014. The individuals were split into three age categories.ResultsThere were significant differences in standard mortality rates (SMR) in the cohort compared to the general Swedish population across the three age categories. We found differences between the SMRs for individuals convicted of violent and nonviolent crimes in the two younger age categories [age 15–29: violent crime (42.4) vs. non-violent crime (36.6), age 30–44: violent crime (28.0) vs. non-violent crime (23.0)]. A Cox regression analysis showed that each conviction of a violent crime increased the hazard ratio (HR) of premature mortality significantly [age 15–29; HR = 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04–1.17), age 30–44; HR =1.06 (95% CI: 1.03–1.09)]. After correcting for non-violent crimes, the increased risk only remained for the youngest group [HR = 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00–1.13)].DiscussionThis study suggests that criminal behavior constitutes a proxy for the risk behaviors that increase the risk of premature mortality among young individuals with SUD even after controlling for confounders. Longitudinal studies, examining time-dependent risks and protective influences, are needed to explain the different pathways and processes leading to the amplified premature mortality in the groups.

Where drinks and danger meet: Analyzing the spatial link between Bars and crime in Detroit

Alcohol consumption has long been linked to various crimes, including homicide, assault, sex-related offenses, family violence, and chronic aggressiveness in adults. While the association between alcohol use and violent crime is well-documented, few studies have examined the spatial co-occurrence of bar locations - a primary venue for alcohol sales - and crime incidents across precise geographical locations and over time. This study employs the global colocation quotient (GCLQ) and the local colocation quotient (LCLQ) to analyze the spatial correlation between five types of liquor establishments (bar, lounge, live house, nightclub, and pub) and seven types of crimes (aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, murder, motor vehicle theft, rape, and robbery) in Detroit, Michigan from 2017 to 2022. Findings demonstrate stable spatial relationships between bars and crimes across different years, with downtown bars showing a lower crime association, bars in clusters showing diverse patterns, and isolated bars in higher risk. The analysis reveals discrepancies in risk among different types. The safety index of the neighborhood surrounding bars is assessed through colocation analysis, demonstrating a correlation with bar-related security. Based on these insights, the study recommends heightened supervision for bars in high-risk areas and developing tailored prevention measures.

Study Of Characteristics Of Victims And Alleged Accused In Cases Of Deaths Due To Homicide

Aims and Objectives: Homicide is a cruel act of mankind. It reveals one of the darkest sides of the society. Homicidal crimes represent a reasonable proxy for all different kinds of violent crimes in general. In this modern world violent crimes are being executed professionally. Such criminal activities follow peculiar socio-demographic profiles of victims and the accused involved. The study aimed to find out the different characteristics of victims and perpetrators i.e. alleged accused in homicidal deaths Materials and Methods: The present prospective study was carried out on 179 homicidal deaths at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur over a period from January 2013 to October 2014. The Institutional and Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik ethical committee approved the study protocol. Observation and Results: Male victims were most commonly attacked by acquaintances (argument, quarrel, momentary rage) in 33 (18.44%) cases followed by friends in 28 (15.64%) whereas females by their husbands or In-laws in 13 (7.26%) cases. No victim-assailant relationship could be traced in 73 (40.78%) cases. 64 (35.75%) victims were attacked by a single assailant of which 47 (26.26%) were males and 17 (9.50%) were females followed by by two assailants at a time in 21 (11.73%) cases 16 (8.94%) males and 5 (2.79%) females. Incidences where more than five assailants were involved included only male victims in 7 (3.91%) cases. The numbers of assailants were unknown in 68 (37.99%) cases. Maximum homicidal attacks occurred at or near the victim's house in 54 (30.17%) cases out of which 32 (17.88%) were males and 22 (12.29%) females followed by incidences occurring on the road or streetside in 48 (26.82%) cases. Male victims were commonly attacked on the road or streetside in 45 (25.14%) followed by 32 (17.88%) cases at victims' houses. In contrast, females were commonly attacked at the victim’s house in 22 (12.29%) cases followed by roadside attacks in 03 (1.68%) cases. The main motive behind the homicidal attack was quarrels in 47 (26.26%) cases followed by enmity or revenge in 46 (25.70%). Males were common victims due to quarrel 29 (16.20%) and enmity 24 (13.40%). Cases of sexual assault or illicit sexual relationships were the principal motive behind homicidal attacks on females. Sharp and pointed weapons were most commonly used in executing homicidal attacks in 56 (31.28%) cases followed by hard and blunt in 51(28.49%) cases. Combined blunt and sharp weapons were used in 11(5.03%) cases. Sharp weapons commonly used were knife 37 (20.67%), gupti 18 (10.05%) and axe in 9 (5.02%) cases. Hard and blunt weapons commonly used in this area were stones 29 (16.20%), bricks 15 (8.37%), bamboo sticks 12 (6.70%), iron rods 11 (6.14%), etc. Maximum victims 125 (69.83%) died at the place of homicidal assault or on their way to the hospital. Out of 54 hospitalized victims, 35 (19.55%) died within the first 24 hours. Blunt weapon injuries were common in spot-dead victims whereas sharp weapons were in admitted cases who died later during treatment. In all these cases, stomach contents, blood, and other routine viscera were sent to the forensic science laboratory for chemical analysis. Conclusions: Males outnumbered females in all aspects of Homicidal deaths. Overall specific pattern was observed which could help police investigating authorities in tracing out characteristics of victims and assailants in homicidal deaths reported shortly.

EFFORTS OF THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION UNIT (PPA) IN RECOVERING PSYCHOLOGICAL AND DEEP TRAUMA IMPACTS ON VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AT THE LOMBOK TIMUR POLICE STATION

The Women and Children Protection Unit is one of the institutions responsible for upholding the law. The PPA Unit is required to participate in supporting the realization of protection and overcoming criminal acts of violence against children, therefore the government has passed Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection and Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, so that the Women and Children Protection Unit of the East Lombok Resort Police is required to be able to assist in the process of resolving and dealing with criminal acts of violence against women and children. The aim of this research is to analyze and understand the optimization of the services of the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA) in recovering from the psychological impacts and deep trauma of victims of sexual violence at the East Lombok Police and to analyze and understand the obstacles to the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA) of the East Lombok Police in Providing Recovery Services for the Psychological Impact and Deep Trauma of Sexual Violence Victims. The research method used in this research is Empirical Law. The results of this research are that the number of women who experience sexual violence is still very high. The state in its constitution is responsible for the protection, promotion, enforcement and fulfillment of the human rights of every individual as explained in Article 28I of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The state's protection for victims of sexual violence can also be seen from the formation and ratification of the Law. Number 12 of 2022 concerning Crime of Sexual Violence. In handling cases of sexual violence, a Women and Children Protection Unit was formed, this unit is specialized in handling victims, witnesses or suspects involving women and children who require special handling. The efforts that have been made by this unit to deal with cases of violence experienced by women and children are non-penal and penal efforts. The PPA Unit's optimization of victim recovery can also be seen in the case handling process as well as collaboration with community institutions and psychologists. Obstacles to victims' recovery are quite frequent and pervasive in society

On the issue of the concept of a single continuous violent sexual crime

The subject of the research is the issue of identifying the key features of a single continuing violent sexual crime and its distinction from the aggregate of such crimes. The relevance of this issue is related to its controversial nature both in the doctrine of criminal law and in law enforcement. In this regard, such characteristics as identification of the act and of intent are considered, including in relation to violent sexual crimes. The attempt is made to resolve this problem taking into account the position of the Criminal Court of the Russian Federation as well as current trends in law enforcement practice. This issue is considered on the basis of a comparative-law and systemic analysis of the provisions of criminal law that establish criminal liability for sexual freedom crimes. During the analysis of the problem, the concept of a single continuing violent crime against sexual freedom has been developed, as well as criteria for distinguishing it from the similar crimes. The research has led to a reasonable conclusion that different sexual crimes should be grouped under one legal provision. This provision must include such qualifying key feature as committing such actions against two or more persons, regardless of their age. As a result of the conducted research, reasonable conclusions were made about the necessity of combining violent sexual crimes, currently provided for by Articles 131 and 132 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, into one article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and adding to it such a qualifying feature as the commission of these acts in relation to two or more victims, regardless of their age.

The Impact of State Laws on Officer-Involved Deaths (OIDs)

While the public debates whether law enforcement has a problem with mis- or over-using force, the field lacks critical information concerning how often officers use force when interacting with citizens. Moreover, researchers have not examined how differences in how states restrict officers’ ability to use force affect the frequency of force used. Consequently, the various reforms proposed have little evidence supporting them. Using data from Mapping Police Violence combined with census data, we examined the impact of the incorporation of U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence and the overall restrictiveness each state placed on law enforcement’s ability to use force when making an arrest and what constituted reasonable force within each state. We found that while the state’s population size and violent crime rate were strong predictors of the number and rate of officer-involved deaths (OIDs), state statutory restrictions on use of force had negligible effects. This has important implications for reforming state and national discussions around reforming use of force.

Effectiveness of Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence in Cases of Gender-Based Violence

Gender-based violence is a social phenomenon that has existed since ancient times and has become increasingly prevalent lately. In fact, gender-based violence is increasing, both in terms of number, form and modus operandi which are increasingly diverse. The Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence is considered to still require more nuances in the definition and details of sexual violence, does not provide a guarantee of safety and protection for victims and also does not fully consider an adequate gender perspective. The research method uses a descriptive normative legal research type, and the data is analyzed qualitatively. Drawing conclusions uses deductive logic. The purpose of the study is to describe the effectiveness of the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence against cases of gender-based violence. The results of the study indicate that the existence of the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence is still not fully effective because it is seen from the increasing cases of gender-based violence every year. It is recommended that there needs to be a strong commitment from law enforcement to consistently apply the rules of the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence to support the effectiveness of the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence.

The Existence of Sexual Violence Crime in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the existence of the sanctions of the sexual violence crime act called (TPKS) in various ways to provide preventive and repressive legal protection for victims of sexual violence. They are compiled using the normative method, which includes the study of laws and regulations, legal theories, opinions of experts, and other legal materials. Sexual harassment is an act that has a severe impact on victims, and the existence of the TPKS Law Number 12 of 2022 in Indonesia was formed as a legal umbrella effort and as an effort to renew punitive sanctions to follow up firmly on perpetrators of sexual harassment. The Criminal Code that has been amended and regulated in the Criminal Code Number 1 of 2023, which is explained in Chapter XV concerning criminal acts of decency, mainly regulated in articles 414 to 423 of the Criminal Code, has also not been able to provide complete legal protection for victims of sexual harassment. The Criminal Code also does not mention explicitly or explicitly the problem of sexual abuse. The result of this research is to provide explanation and legal protection for victims who are mentally disturbed due to the impact of sexual harassment and can provide punishment for perpetrators regardless of their status to create a deterrent effect for the perpetrators.

LAW ENFORCEMENT ON THE CRIMINAL ACTS OF SERIOUS ABUSE BY CHILDREN TO CHILDREN ACCORDING TO LAW NUMBER 35 OF 2014 ON CHILD PROTECTION

This study aims to analyze the qualifications of criminal acts of physical violence against children based on legislation and to analyze the application of criminal law in criminal acts of physical violence against children in Decision Number 19/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/PN Jkt.Pst., and Decision Number 00/Pid.Sus-Anak/2023/PN Jkt.Brt. The type of research used by the author is a type of normative legal research with a legislative approach method, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The legal materials used consist of primary legal materials, namely laws and regulations, and judges' decisions. Secondary legal materials, namely journals and book literature related to this study. As well as tertiary legal materials, namely articles and literature on the internet as supporting data in this study. All of these legal materials are analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The results of this study are, 1) The qualification of the crime of physical violence against children based on statutory regulations is an act that is included in Article 80 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection concerning physical violence committed against children as victims and in the general scope. 2) The application of criminal law in Decision Number 19/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/PN Jkt.Pst., and Decision Number 00/Pid.Sus-Anak/2023/PN Jkt.Brt., is correct. The defendant has been proven legally and convincingly to fulfill the elements in Article 80 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. The judge considered that the defendant could be held responsible for the actions he had committed because he was in good health when he committed the crime, and there was no reason to remove the criminal sentence, so the Panel of Judges sentenced the Defendants to imprisonment.

CRIMES OF PHYSICAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND NEGLIGENCE IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Study This aim For do study to influencing variables​ happen violence in House stairs (domestic violence) in family , that is form violence physical and neglect . Additionally , research​ this is also purposeful For know action preventing and dealing with domestic violence carried out by husbands to wife , as Decision South Jakarta District Court Number 995/ Pid.Sus /2021/PN Jak.Sel . and Verdict South Jakarta District Court Number 130/ Pid.Sus /2022/PN Bks. Second decision the made with objective For discuss domestic violence problems . Specifically, the South Jakarta District Court and the South Jakarta District Court are the research locations. Both courts are in the South Jakarta area. The data collection process was carried out using several research methodologies, namely library research and field research. Primary data collection can be done by conducting interviews with relevant sources. Apart from that, secondary data was also obtained in the form of papers, books and research reports which were directly related to the topic of domestic violence in the form of physical violence and neglect in the household. This data was collected as additional primary data. To uncover the root causes of domestic violence in the form of physical violence and neglect in families in the South Jakarta and Bekasi City areas, the data obtained was then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. This is done to find out what actions can be taken to reduce the impact of domestic violence. Based on the research results, the main factors that cause domestic violence crimes committed by husbands against their wives are internal factors, especially those related to the personality characteristics (temperament) of the perpetrator. In conditions that trigger uncontrolled anger, such as lack of communication and intense jealousy, these characteristics make it easier for individuals to commit criminal acts. This is because they are more easily affected by these events. It should be noted that education and economic factors are one of the external factors that cause domestic violence. To overcome the problem of criminal acts of domestic violence committed by husbands against wives in South Jakarta, it is necessary to carry out preventive efforts such as instilling moral values from an early age, preventive efforts such as increasing awareness of laws and regulations. , and repressive efforts such as taking action against perpetrators of criminal acts of domestic violence (KDRT).

Economic Inequality, Relative Deprivation, and Crime: An Individual-Level Examination

Previous research has shown that economic inequality is positively correlated with crime. In explaining this relationship, scholars have drawn on the theory of relative deprivation, which emphasizes individual-level processes of resentment resulting from being economically disadvantaged compared to others. However, this relationship has been examined almost entirely through macro-level analyses using aggregated data, despite an individual-level approach being more appropriate. The present study aims to address this limitation by examining the relationship between economic inequality and crime at the individual level, using the framework of relative deprivation. Applying Cox Proportional Hazard Model to official data over 10 years, we find that being relatively deprived compared to others increases the risk of committing both property and violent crimes. These results suggest that apart from the need to meet fundamental material needs, experiencing deprivation in comparison to others plays a role in shaping people’s criminal behavior.

Violent crimes in men and its causes: A literature review combining environmental, psychological and genetic factors of violent criminal behavior

Abstract. In this extended project, I consider a variety of causes for violent criminality, and show how genetic, environmental and psychological elements converge to contribute to an individuals likelihood of offending. This review covered some fundamental genetic markers (i.e., XYY syndrome, the MAOA gene variant), with those carried on by environmental influences in the form of own characteristics and immediate factors (i.e. socioeconomic status, familial dynamics) to personal psychological qualities as psychopathy. The results show that genetic influences on a disposition to engage in criminal behavior do not lie dormant but act together outside the confining space of bare biology. In reality, many environmentally and psychologically trigger the actual act of criminal activities. This is not to say that any one of these factors determines whether violent criminal behavior will develop, but rather, that criminal behavior emerges from the interaction of all the elements discussed in this review. Such a nuanced perspective is important for our legal systems, as it emphasises the need of seeing every individual separately and assessing an individual on several levels while also implementing measures that take into consideration some reference to genetic predisposition, surroundings and psychological profile. Further longitudinal and interdisciplinary studies are needed to better understand the relationships between these factors as well as to develop prevention and intervention strategies in the future.

Lethal and intentional violent crimes against women in Alagoas, Northeast Brazil: a comparative study before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe death of women as a result of violent crime has become a major social and health problem worldwide. Most of these crimes are committed by their partners. The Covid-19 pandemic seems to have amplified the problem, given that measures to contain the spread of the disease have exposed women to more prolonged contact with their aggressors.ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiological profile of lethal and intentional violent crimes committed against women in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, from March 2018 to February 2020 (before the pandemic) and from March 2020 to December 2021 (during the first two years of the Covid-19 pandemic).MethodsThis is an observational study involving all deaths of women due to lethal and intentional violent crimes. The data was obtained from the Alagoas State Secretariat for Public Security. The variables age, type of crime, means used, day of the week and time of the crime were analyzed. The specific mortality rate was calculated for the entire study period. Population data was obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.ResultsThere were 316 deaths during the study period. The mortality rate in 2020 (5.33/100,000) was higher than in the years prior to the pandemic (3.88/100,000 in 2018 and 4.84/100,000 in 2019). There was a predominance of the 18–29 (31.31%) and 30–39 (27.95%) age groups in both periods. The proportion of female homicides was 55.19% in the pre-pandemic period and 64.20% in the pandemic period. The proportion of beating deaths was 1.7 times higher in the pandemic period than in the non-pandemic period (15.23% vs. 8.97%). There was also an increase in beatings on Saturdays, with a proportion 1.60 times higher than in the pre-pandemic period (19.75% vs. 12.34%).ConclusionThe victims were predominantly young women, the crimes classified as homicides and with the use of firearms. The study emphasizes that the context of the Covid-19 pandemic may have contributed to the increase in violent crimes against women in Alagoas, highlighting the urgency of preventive measures and support for victims.

Bias Against Indigenous Women and Sex Workers as Victims of Violent Crime

Bias Against Indigenous Women and Sex Workers as Victims of Violent Crime

Faktor Penyebab dan Upaya Penanggulangan Disparitas Putusan Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Negeri Kelas I A Kupang

The judge's decision is a vital aspect needed to resolve criminal cases. The judge's authority and power are so great in deciding cases that result in disparities in verdicts in cases where the weight of the crime is the same, namely cases of sexual violence against children. This research is an empirical juridical research, so the data sources used are primary data sources, secondary data sources and tertiary data sources. Primary data sources are obtained through the results of research in the field, secondary data is obtained through literature, laws, and other literature, and tertiary data is obtained through dictionaries, mass media, and the internet. The data were analyzed in a descriptive-qualitative manner. The results of the study show that: (1) the factors that cause the disparity in punishment for perpetrators of sexual violence are internal factors and external factors of judges. (2) efforts to overcome disparities in the verdicts of sexual violence crimes which include repressive efforts and preventive efforts.

A Refined Violent Crime Typology: Analyzing and Solving Specific Types of Violence

A Refined Violent Crime Typology: Analyzing and Solving Specific Types of Violence

Examining the impact of job location on violent crime: the study of South African metropolitan areas

ABSTRACT The physical separation of people from economic activities creates spatial disparities, fragmentation, and unequal access to opportunities. Contemporary South Africa displays spatially divided communities. Affluent locations are socio-economically integrated with fewer crime activities, while poor communities are disintegrated from economic activities with high crime occurrences. The study explores the relationship between spatial mismatch and violent crime in South African metropolitan areas. The study used regression modelling and choropleth mapping to analyse and present the relation. Data used were acquired from Stats SA, CSIR, and SAPS National Crime Statistics. The findings revealed that areas located closer to jobs are associated with low levels of violent crime. In contrast, poor areas are located away from job opportunities and have high levels of violent crime. The study concludes that spatial mismatch determines the level of violent crime in South African metros.

Using online negative emotions to predict risk-coping behaviors in the relocation of Beijing municipal government

This article explores the use of online negative emotions to predict public risk-coping behaviors during urban relocation. Through a literature review, the paper proposes hypotheses that anticipate advanced prediction of public risk-coping behaviors based on online negative emotions. The study’s empirical focus is on the relocation of the Beijing municipal government, using time series data for Granger causality analysis in EViews 10.0 software. Data on online negative emotions is sourced from Sina Weibo. After data cleaning, 1420 pieces of data related to the relocation policy of the Beijing Municipal Government within the period from June 9, 2015 to April 28, 2019 are retained. while risk-coping behaviors are measured through public information search behaviors and the incidence of violent crimes, the data coverage is also from June 9, 2015 to April 28, 2019. The results indicated that: (1) Online negative emotions regarding the relocation policy predict public risk-coping behaviors in advance. (2) Negative comments are more effective predictors than negative feelings; (3) Negative emotions about relocation policy formulation predict risk-coping behaviors better than those related to policy effectiveness and implementation; (4) Negative emotions from individuals better predict public risk-coping behaviors than those from institutions; (5) Negative emotions from key stakeholders better predict public risk-coping behaviors than those from non-key or marginal stakeholders. It is recommended that relevant departments establish a real-time monitoring system to track negative public opinions and emotions expressed online, adopt a stakeholder-centric approach to facilitate communication, and promote transparency and educational campaigns to address the challenges of urban relocation. In future studies, methods such as expanding the sample size and adding indicators will be used to address the limitations of potential bias in sample data.

A Study of Constitutional Protections Against Custodial Violence – A Critical Analysis

The destruction of India's democracy occurs when a police officer tortures someone while they are in their custody. It is the greatest irony that the nation is currently fighting valiantly to eradicate a crime like "Custodial Violence" yet Mahatma Gandhi was the foremost leader who adhered to the ideal of non-violence in achieving India's freedom. The state has a responsibility to defend society from attack. One has no choice but to be tortured by those who uphold the law and the rule of law. Custodial death is not in accordance with the procedure established by law, at the same time, it is the deprivation of the right to life. Custodial death is the outcome of the brutal action or negligence of the police. It results in an unnatural death. Such a dangerous issue that is threatening the very basic right to life remained unexplored, and no major research has been undertaken to examine the problem from a state-level perspective. Thus, there is depth and intensive literature on the topic. The literature helps to give a comprehensive picture of efforts taken by the judiciary as well as the state government to combat the custodial violence. It deeply analyses the constitutional protections of an Accused and it is concluded by saying numerous suggestions for combating the custodial violence crimes. Therefore, the present study is mainly focused on critical analysis of the adequacy of existing laws relating to prevention of custodial violence. The study also incorporates practical aspects of custodial violence based on the statistics given by the State Human Rights Commission of Tamil Nadu.

Bad-Mad-Female. Scientific Analyses of Female Violent Crime from the 1960s to the 1990s

While female capital offences have repeatedly caused astir since the beginning of the modern era at the latest, female violent crime has remained amarginal phenomenon in statistical observations for along time. Forensics, with its traditional core disciplines of psychiatry and law, also remained focused on the dangerous male perpetrator for along time in its analysis and theory development beyond infanticide: male forensic scientists analysed male perpetrators of violence.Since the 1960s, there has been an increasing number of scientific contributions on female criminality and its causes in West Germany. Women were now also analysing female criminality from aprofessional as well as from asocially critical perspective; adevelopment that gained significant momentum with the New Women's Movement and Critical Criminology.The article puts an emphasis on the discourse on female violent crime in the "old" Federal Republic of Germany. It starts out by framing the issue of women's violent crime in criminological discourse. Against this background, it examines how gender-specific constructions of criminality developed, especially in the discussion of the "dangerous mentally ill" in forensic discussion forums, how and to what extent which topoi were perpetuated and which were subject to changes. Did the analyses of female scientists differ from those of their male colleagues? What significance did critical or feminist currents or actors have?In view of social change processes (emancipation, psychiatric reform, criminal law reform), the article examines the interpretation of female violence and the connection between gender, dangerousness and mental illness. It focuses on the question of persistence, dynamisation or diversification of gender-specific constructions and normative concepts of normal/crazy in the forensic conflation of "bad and mad".