Minutes Of Exposure Research Articles

Improving cold resistance and shelf life of Carica papaya Linn through 1- methylcyclopropene and geranium oil applications

The perishability and susceptibility to chilling of Carica papaya Linn have impeded its long-distance exportation, posing challenges to international trade investments. This study explores the efficacy of 1-MCP and geranium oil (GO) treatments in enhancing papaya's cold tolerance. Designated concentrations for 1-MCP were 300 and 600 mg/L, and for GO, 2% and 4% (v/v), with exposure times set at 30 and 60 mins. Subsequently, the fruits were stored at 4°C for 16 days, and various parameters such as chilling injury (CI), weight loss (WL), respiratory rate (RR), firmness, colour, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, and ripening index (RI) were assessed at 4-day intervals. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in chilling damage in treated fruits. Specifically, the 60-minute exposure to 600 mg/L 1-MCP (MCP600+60) delayed the development of CI symptoms by at least 4 days compared to the control. At day 16, MCP600+60 exhibited the least WL (1.93%), O2 consumption (4.19±0.25 mL/kg/hr), and CO2 production (4.05±0.17 mL/kg/hr). Treated fruits, especially MCP600+60 and 30-minute exposure to 4% (v/v) GO (GO4+30), preserved firmness and colour. In GO treatments, GO4+30 showed the least increase in TSS (1.69-fold) and pH (1.09-fold). The highest TA and RI were reported in MCP600+60 and GO4+30. Overall, MCP600+60 emerged as the most effective treatment for enhancing papaya's cold tolerance and storage quality based on our study.

A study on the mechanical strength of alfalfa seeds stimulated with continuous laser light.

The presented study explored the impact of He-Ne laser light stimulation on basic, selected mechanical properties of alfalfa seeds. The following parameters were considered: destructive force (F), destructive force work (W), and absolute longitudinal deformation (dL). Moreover, the single seed mass (m) was measured prior to the compression test, and the ratios of destructive force to absolute longitudinal deformation (F/dL) and destructive force work to single seed mass (W/m) were calculated. Subsequently, the mass of 1000 seeds was determined using RADWAG XA110.3Y scales, and the geometric dimensions of seeds were measured using a Keyence VHX-2000 microscope. Prior to the compression test, the seeds were subjected to laser light stimulation (λ = 632.8nm, surface force density = 6 mW·cm- 2) with the exposure time of, respectively: 0s (control - no stimulation - C), 30s (L30s), 1min (L1), 2min (L2), and 3min (L3). We observed an increase in most of the mechanical parameters measured under the influence of all the laser light stimulation variants. The only exception was the F/dL ratio, which decreased after 2 and 3-minute exposure, as compared to the control. The results evidenced increased mechanical strength of the stimulated seeds, which may prove significant to the cultivation of new, more resilient cultivars.

The impact of helium on plasma-driven hydrogen permeation and implications for direct internal recycling in the fusion fuel cycle

Abstract Metal foil pumps (MFPs) are the leading technology for direct internal recycling (DIR) of hydrogen isotopes from the plasma exhaust in future fusion plants. MFPs rely on the concept of superpermeation, where superthermal H atoms directly absorb into the metal foil, rapidly diffuse, and desorb downstream. To date, studies of superpermeation have predominantly employed either pure hydrogen or in some cases trace levels of impurities. The plasma exhaust is expected to contain just ~1% helium, but in DIR the source gas would be enriched in helium as hydrogen isotopes are extracted. In this work, we explore the impact of helium on hydrogen superpermeation at low temperature (75-200 ºC) using Pd-based foils. To first order, the flux scaled linearly with the hydrogen mole fraction. Stable permeation was observed until the helium fraction reached ~80%, where the flux began to decline slowly with time. In addition, short term (1-5 minute) exposure to pure helium plasma significantly attenuated subsequent hydrogen plasma permeation, and the degree was more dramatic at elevated temperature. This attenuation was correlated with He retention in the foils, which was detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry at low levels (< 0.1 at. %) and limited to the near surface (< 10 nm). Similar trends were observed among all alloys (Pd, PdAg, PdCu), and the foils were restored to full performance with an Ar+ sputter clean. The potential for helium plasma exposure to impact MFP performance under these conditions has not been previously reported, and these findings have significant implications to the design and implementation of practical DIR systems.

Differences in human and commercial hybrid pig platelet activation induced by borosilicate glass beads in a modified chandler loop-system.

The pig (Sus scrofa) is the most widely used large animal model in Europe, with cardiovascular research being one of the main areas of application. Adequate refinement of interventional studies in this field, meeting the requirements of Russell and Burch's 3 R concept, can only be performed if blood-contacting medical devices are hemocompatible. Because most medical devices for cardiovascular interventional procedures are developed for humans, they are tested only for compatibility with human blood. The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether there are differences in behavior of human and porcine platelets from commercial hybrid pigs when they come into contact with borosilicate glass, which was used as an exemplary thrombogenic material. For this purpose, changes in platelet count, platelet volume and platelet expression of the activation markers CD61, CD62P and CD63 were measured using a modified chandler loop-system simulating the fluidic effects of the bloodflow. Commercial hybrid pig and human platelets showed significant adhesions to borosilicate glass but the commercial hybrid pigs platelets showed a significantly higher tendency to adhere to borosilicate glass. In contrast to human platelets the platelets of commercial hybrid pigs showed significant activation after 4 to 8 minutes exposure to borosilicate glass and there were differences among the ratios of surface and activation markers in between the platelets of both species.

Влияние эндовитреальной иллюминации на оксидативные процессы в крови кроликов

Investigation of the mechanisms underlying retinal photodamage occurring during vitreoretinal interventions is a topical issue of ophtalmology. The study aimed to assess the effect of endoillumination of varying intensity and duration on alteration of oxidative processes in rabbit blood. The experiment involved 16 rabbits, with their retinas exposed to endoillumination of different duration (30 and 60 min) and intensity (8 and 16 cd/m2). Blood samples were collected from the rabbits’ ear vein before and after light exposure. Whole blood and serum biochemiluminescence was measured in order to assess oxidative processes. The data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U-test, and the results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. A 30-minute light exposure resulted in a significant increase in whole blood biochemiluminescence: 1.5-fold at the intensity of 8 cd/m2 and 2.5-fold at the intensity of 16 cd/m2 relative to control values (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced reactive oxygen species generation by blood cells. In contrast, a significant decrease in serum biochemiluminescence was revealed: 1.2-fold at the intensity of 8 cd/m2 and 2-fold at the intensity of 16 cd/m2 compared to control (p < 0.05) , which likely indicates a compensatory increase in antioxidant activity in response to hyperactivation of free radical processes. With the 60-minute exposure, the changes in biochemiluminescence were more pronounced: 3- and 7-fold increase in whole blood biochemiluminescence and 2- and 3-fold decrease in serum biochemiluminescence, respectively. Thus, intense light exposure resulted in the oxidative process alterations determined by the intensity and duration of exposure.

Determination of Seed Physiological Maturity and Invigoration using Plasma-Activated Water and Ultrafine Bubble Water on Okra Seeds

Seeds physical and physiological qualities are primarily determined by seed physiological maturity. Seed enhancement technology has developed rapidly, including using ultrafine bubbles (UFB) and plasma-activated water (PAW) to increase seed viability. This study aimed to determine seed physiology maturity on okra seed to get the optimal harvesting period seeds and to examine the most effective seed enhancement plasma-activated water and ultrafine-bubble Water. The first experiment was arranged using completely randomized design with fruit maturity as the single factor, harvested at 3, 4, 5, or 6 weeks after anthesis (WAA), with three replications. The second experiment used factorial completely randomized design; the first factor is seed lots with different storage times (fresh seed and one-year storage seed), and the second factor seed invigoration using UFB (20 ppm dissolved oxygen) and PAW (10-, 20-, and 30-min exposure) as the second factor. Untreated seeds were used as control. Fifty seeds were used in each treatment. Okra seed physiological maturity was reached at 5 WAA based on seed dry weight, germination capacity, seedling vigor, and speed of germination. The pod color at 5 WAA is olive brown, and seed testa has dark greyish purple. Plasma-activated water at 10 minutes exposure increased the vigor index of seed lots stored for one year by 86% and PAW20 by 87%. Plasma activated water at 10-, 20- and 30-minutes exposures significantly increased the seedling vigor index and germination speed of fresh seeds harvested at 5 WAA.

Comprehensive evaluation of clinical antimicrobial resistance using impedance-accelerated single-bacterium multiplex screening strategy

Rapid detection of bacterial antibiotic resistance is paramount in clinical settings to enable timely and effective therapeutic interventions. Traditional approaches such as disc diffusion and broth dilution are indeed dependable, however, they suffer from a notable drawback of long assay durations. This is attributed to the inherent delay caused by bacteria's macroscopic growth rate, which often necessitates measurement periods exceeding 20 hours, a timeframe incompatible with the clinical urgency. In this study, we demonstrate a comprehensive strategy on rapid bacterial antimicrobial resistance profiling and testing in clinical samples via a label-free impedance-accelerated single-bacterium screening. This system involves one newly developed parameter that is calculated from the two-dimensional kernel density values of different density regions in bacterial impedance spectra. By evaluating the changes in bacterial populations over a certain period using this new parameter, antimicrobial resistance of individual strains of bacteria can be determined within 20-minute antibiotics exposure. This high-throughput method rapidly and accurately determines the resistance profiles of five clinical Enterobacteriaceae strains against six antibiotic types. During the analysis of the impedance spectrum, we have also observed that antibiotics with different antimicrobial mechanisms have distinct effects on the bacterial impedance profile. This proposed method demonstrates excellent accuracy and rapid response time, providing a novel and practical strategy for next-generation antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and antibiotic management.

Effects of UV ozone treatment on the photoresponse of the Pt nanoparticles decorated WS2

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown and Pt nanoparticles (NPs) decorated multilayer WS2 is treated by ultraviolet (UV) ozone for the modification of the surface roughness to realize the enhanced hot carriers injection via the internal photoemission (IPE). The morphology, structure and photophysical properties as well as the dependence of the photoresponse on the UV ozone treatment are investigated. The UV ozone treatment demonstrates obvious effect on the WS2 surface roughness (Sa), which reaches the maximum around 14 nm after 2 min exposure and subsequently decrease with the extension of treatment duration. UV ozone treatment also leads to obviously diminished photoluminescence (PL) and shortened excitons lifetime for bare WS2 while its influence on the electronic structure is negligible. The diminished PL, shortened PL decaying lifetime and increased Sa are all originated from the formation of WOx due to the consumption of top WS2 layer by the severe oxidation, and such effects will be greatly alleviated when the fresh and undisturbed underlying WS2 layer appears with the treatment duration extended to 4 min. The 2 min UV ozone treated WS2/Pt exhibits optimal wide spectrum photoresponse (400–900 nm) with the near infrared (NIR) responsivity around 18 A/W at 750 nm, about 60 % higher compared to that of untreated one while the 4 min overtreated WS2/Pt demonstrates much deteriorated photoresponse. Such behavior can be ascribed to the enhanced hot electrons injection from Pt to WS2 due to the formation of rough Schottky contact as well as the separation of photo-excited electron-hole pairs by Schottky junction. Our study proves that the Sa is a key factor not only for the exciton dynamics but also for the hot electron injection from Pt to WS2.

The Velocity Aberration Effect of the CSST Main Survey Camera* *This research has been generously supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos. 12073047 and 12273077) and the National Key Research and Development (Grant No. 2022YFF0711500).

In this study, we conducted simulations to find the geometric aberrations expected for images taken by the Main Survey Camera of the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) due to its motion. As anticipated by previous work, our findings indicate that the geometric distortion of light impacts the focal plane's apparent scale, with a more pronounced influence as the size of the focal plane increases. Our models suggest that the effect consistently influences the pixel scale in both the vertical and parallel directions. The apparent scale variation follows a sinusoidal distribution throughout one orbital period. Simulations reveal that the effect is particularly pronounced in the center of the Galaxy and gradually diminishes along the direction of ecliptic latitude. At low ecliptic latitudes, the total aberration leads to about a 0.94 pixel offset (a 20 minute exposure) and a 0.26 pixel offset (a 300 s exposure) at the edge of the field of view. Appropriate processings for the geometric effect during the CSST pre- and post-observation phases are presented.

SuperBIT Superpressure Flight Instrument Overview and Performance: Near-diffraction-limited Astronomical Imaging from the Stratosphere

SuperBIT was a 0.5 m near-UV to near-infrared wide-field telescope that launched on a NASA superpressure balloon into the stratosphere from New Zealand for a 45-night flight. SuperBIT acquired multiband images of galaxy clusters to study the properties of dark matter using weak gravitational lensing. We provide an overview of the instrument and its various subsystems. We then present the instrument performance from the flight, including the telescope and image stabilization system, the optical system, the power system, and the thermal system. SuperBIT successfully met the instrument’s technical requirements, achieving a telescope pointing stability of 0.″34 ± 0.″10, a focal plane image stability of 0.″055 ± 0.″027, and a point-spread function FWHM of ∼0.″35 over 5-minute exposures throughout the 45-night flight. The telescope achieved a near-diffraction-limited point-spread function in all three science bands (u, b, and g). SuperBIT served as a pathfinder to the GigaBIT observatory, which will be a 1.34 m near-UV to near-infrared balloon-borne telescope.

Water training initiates spatially regulated microstructures with competitive mechanics in hydroadaptive polymers

The strategy using water as a medium for dynamic modulation of competitive plasticity and viscoelasticity provides a unique perspective to attain adaptive materials. We reveal sustainable polymers, herein cellulose phenoxyacetate as a typical example, with unusual water-responsive dual-mechanic functionalities addressed via a chronological water training strategy. The temporal significance of such water-responsive mechanical behaviors becomes apparent considering that a mere 3-minute exposure or a prolonged 3-hour exposure to water induced different types of mechano-responsiveness. This endows the materials with multiple recoverable shape-changes during water and air training, and consequently even underlines the switchability between the pre-loaded stable water shapes (> 20 months) and the sequentially fixed air shapes. Our discovery exploits the competitive mechanics initiated by water training, enabling polymers with spatially regulated microstructures via their inherently distinct mechanical properties. Insights into the molecular changes represents a considerable fundamental innovation, can be broadly applicable to a diverse array of hydroadaptive polymers.

The influence of different methods of decontamination of microbial biofilms formed on eggshells

According to "food legislation" requirements, all eggs entering the production of egg products must be disinfected. Therefore, developing technologies for decontaminating chicken eggs before use for food purposes is a promising work direction in chicken egg production and storage. This research aimed to identify the microbiota of chicken eggs with varying degrees of shell contamination and determine the influence of different methods of decontaminating microbial biofilms formed on eggshells. It was set up that the quantitative content of microorganisms on the surface of chicken eggs ranged from 103 CFU to 106 CFU/ml of washing and depended on the contamination of the shell with droppings. Lactobacillus spp., Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus were among the genera of bacteria that prevailed on the clean chicken shell, which were isolated in 30-50% of cases, and gram-negative microbiota was practically absent. The constant release of gram-positive bacteria is noted on the contaminated eggshell, and the frequency of identification of gram-negative microbiota of the Enterobacteriaceae genus and non-fermenting genera Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter increases. That is, the microbial scape of the microbiota of the chicken shell depends on its cleanliness, and the presence of a dirty surface increases the frequency of allocation of the resident microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. It was found that the working solution of the disinfectant Vircon S destroyed planktonic bacteria applied to the eggshell in an average of 2 minutes of exposure, stabilised water ozone for 1 minute, gaseous ozone for 3 minutes, and the action of ultraviolet rays with a length of 253.7 nm for 25-30 min. At the same time, using these disinfection methods on bacteria formed in a biofilm on the eggshell did not cause a bactericidal action during this time. To significantly reduce bacteria in the biofilm using these methods, it is necessary to increase the exposure time of the biocide by 2-3 times. Therefore, the complex structure of the eggshell and the multi-layered matrix of biofilms provide better protection for bacteria against the influence of the investigated disinfection methods.

The treatment of bacterial biofilms cultivated on knee arthroplasty implants using the bioelectric effect.

Introduction: The formation of bacterial biofilms on knee arthroplasty implants can have catastrophic consequences. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the bioelectric effect in the elimination of bacterial biofilms on cultivated knee arthroplasty implants. Methods: A novel device was designed to deliver a bioelectric effect on the surface of knee arthroplasty implants. 4-femoral prosthetic implants were cultivated with a staphylococcus aureus inoculum for 15days. The components were divided into four different groups: A (not treated), B (normal saline 20-minutes), C (bioelectric effect 10-minutes), D (bioelectric effect 20-minutes). The implants were sonicated, and the detached colonies were quantified as the number of colony-forming unit (CFUs). The implants were sterilised and the process was repeated in a standardized manner four more times, to obtain a total of five samples per group. Results: The number of the CFUs after a 10-minute exposure to the bioelectric effect was of 208.2 ± 240.4, compared with 6,041.6 ± 2010.7 CFUs in group A, representing a decrease of 96.5% ± 4.3 (p = 0.004). And a diminution of 91.8% ± 7.9 compared with 2,051.0 ± 1,364.0 CFUs in group B (p = 0.109). The number of bacterial colonies after a 20-minute exposure to the bioelectric effect was 70 ± 126.7 CFUs, representing a decrease of 98.9% ± 1.9 (p = 0.000) compared with group A. And a decrease of 97.8% ± 3.0 (p = 0.019) compared with group B. Conclusions: The bioelectric effect was effective in the elimination of bacterial biofilm from knee arthroplasty implants. This method could be used in the future as part of conventional surgical procedures.

Poster 112: Toxicity of Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine to Rotator Cuff Tendon

Objectives: Antimicrobial wound lavages containing chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) or povidone-iodine (PI) are commonly used to prevent periprosthetic infection during shoulder arthroplasty. However, the potential toxicity of these solutions to the native surrounding rotator cuff tendon is not well understood. In total shoulder arthroplasty, the rotator cuff tendon is often concomitantly repaired, and any toxic effects from antimicrobial wound lavage during surgery may be detrimental to postoperative rotator cuff tendon healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of a 1-minute CHG exposure and a 3-minute 0.35% PI exposure on the viability and biochemical content of rotator cuff tendon. Methods: Infraspinatus tendons (n=6 per group) were isolated from shoulders of Nubian goats (n=3; 2 female and 1 male). Tendons were submerged in Irrisept (0.05% CHG in sterile water) for 1 minute or 0.35% Betadine (PI) for 3 minutes per manufacturer guidelines, followed by phosphate-buffered saline wash and culture in tissue culture medium. Control tendon specimens were similarly exposed to tissue culture medium, followed by phosphate-buffered saline wash and culture in tissue culture medium. After seven days of culture, isolates from both the tendinous and enthesis portions of the rotator cuff were analyzed for viability, collagen content (hydroxyproline assay), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content (dimethylmethylene blue assay). Statistical analyses were performed via one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test. Results: Within the tendinous portion of the rotator cuff, CHG-treated specimens demonstrated a decrease in mean tenocyte viability compared to controls (p=0.045) (Fig.1). While PI-treated specimens exhibited lower mean viability compared to controls, this difference was not statistically significant. Within the enthesis portion of the rotator cuff, tenocyte viability decreased in both CHG- and PI-treated groups; however, these decreases were not statistically significant (Fig. 2). There were no significant differences in mean collagen content/wet weight or GAG/wet weight among groups within the tendinous and enthesis portion of the rotator cuff (Fig. 3). Conclusions: Due to the potential catastrophic consequences associated with periprosthetic infection, CHG and PI antimicrobial lavages are commonly used to reduce the risk of periprosthetic infection during shoulder arthroplasty. However, in this study, brief 0.05% CHG and 0.35% PI exposures to rotator cuff tendon resulted in lower tenocyte viability 7 days after treatment. These results are consistent with the toxicity reported with exposure of CHG and PI to other musculoskeletal tissues, including articular cartilage. The toxicity of antimicrobial irrigation to the surrounding native rotator cuff tendon may be detrimental to the postoperative healing of concomitant rotator cuff repair in the setting of shoulder arthroplasty.

The lethal effect of soap on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae in water.

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease which is spread through skin contact with water containing Schistosoma cercariae. Drug treatment has been the main control method, but it does not prevent reinfection. The use of soap can be a complementary measure to reduce transmission. Therefore, this study investigates the quantitative effect of different soaps on the mortality of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Four soaps including two powder soaps (Kleesoft and Omo) and two bar soaps (B29 and Rungu) which are used in a schistosomiasis-endemic Tanzanian village were studied. S. mansoni cercariae were exposed to powder soaps of 0 (control), 10, 50, 75, 100 and 1000 mg/L and to bar soaps of 0 (control), 100, 500 and 1000 mg/L. The highest concentration of 1000 mg/L was selected based on the laboratory-estimated average soap concentration during handwashing. Cercariae were observed under a microscope after 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes of exposure to determine their survival. All four soaps can kill S. mansoni cercariae and this lethal effect was related to soap concentration and exposure time. At the highest concentration of 1000 mg/L, all cercariae were dead at 5 minutes post-exposure with two powder soaps and Rungu, while 100% cercarial death was achieved between 5 minutes to 15 minutes for B29. Almost all cercariae survived after being exposed to 10 mg/L powder soaps and 100 mg/L bar soaps for 60 minutes. Powder soaps were more lethal than bar soaps. Considering the widely varying concentrations of soap during real-world hygiene activities and the necessity for a very high soap concentration to eliminate all cercariae in a short 5-minute exposure, providing the efficacy of soap in preventing schistosomiasis becomes challenging. Future studies should investigate whether soap can influence alternative mechanisms such as making cercariae unable to penetrate the skin, thereby providing protection.

Effects of acute inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase on neural responses to pups in adult virgin male California mice (Peromyscus californicus)

The neural mechanisms underlying paternal care in biparental mammals are not well understood. The California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) is a biparental rodent in which virtually all fathers are attracted to pups, while virgin males vary widely in their behavior toward unrelated infants, ranging from attacking to avoiding to huddling and grooming pups. We previously showed that pharmacologically inhibiting the synthesis of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) with the dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor nepicastat reduced the propensity of virgin male and female California mice to interact with pups. The current study tested the hypothesis that nepicastat would reduce pup-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity, a cellular marker of neural activity, in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), medial amygdala (MeA), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), brain regions implicated in the control of parental behavior and/or anxiety. Virgin males were injected with nepicastat (75 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle 2 hours prior to exposure to either an unrelated pup or novel object for 60 minutes (n = 4–6 mice per group). Immediately following the 60-minute stimulus exposure, mice were euthanized and their brains were collected for c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Nepicastat reduced c-Fos expression in the MeA and MPOA of pup-exposed virgin males compared to vehicle-injected controls. In contrast, nepicastat did not alter c-Fos expression in any of the above brain regions following exposure to a novel object. Overall, these results suggest that the noradrenergic system might influence MeA and MPOA function to promote behavioral interactions with pups in virgin males.

An Alternative Option to Compression Hemostasis in Case of Esophageal Vein Bleeding in Patients with Portal Hypertension

Introduction. Compression hemostasis is widely used to arrest bleeding from veins of the esophagus in portal hypertension. Since it has a number of severe drawbacks, research is relevant to develop new approaches to solve this problem.The aim of the study was to provide evidence and develop a technique to arrest bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus, which can become an alternative to compression hemostasis.Materials and methods. The key technology in the study was chemical-mechanical hemostasis – the combined esophageal vein compression and Hemoblock application. At the first stage, this technique was tested on laboratory animals - domestic pigs, since a model of the esophageal vein bleeding was formed in their bodies. At the clinical stage, chemical-mechanical hemostasis was performed in 15 patients with the recurrent esophageal vein bleeding; they made up the experimental group. The control group consisted of 15 patients subjected to compression hemostasis. The hemostatic effectiveness of the techniques and their assessment by the patients themselves were compared in the study.Results. In the experimental group, bleeding was arrested in 46.7% of cases by installing a probe for chemical-mechanical hemostasis with a 5-minute exposure. In the control group, bleeding was arrested in 66.7% of cases by installing an obturator probe with a 10- to 24-hour exposure. As patients’ survey reported, in the control group, patients experienced pain during the insertion of the obturator probe in 86.7% of cases, and 20% of patients experienced pain during the entire time the obturator probe was in the esophagus; 93.3% of patients expected an early termination of the procedure, 13.3% claimed that they would never agree to the procedure again. As patients’ survey reported, in the experimental group, 6.7% of patients experienced pain when inserting the probe for chemical-mechanical hemostasis and during the time, it remained in the body. 46.7% of patients wanted the procedure to be terminated as soon as possible. There were no patients who refused to repeat a procedure of chemical-mechanical hemostasis if required.Conclusions. The study demonstrated that a modified conventional obturator probe, which allowed combining compression of the esophageal veins with the hemostatic drug effect, resulted in a significantly increased hemostatic effect in case of the esophageal vein bleeding. During the study, this technique prevented 46.7% of patients from the need to use an obturator probe. Since the obturator probe, when applied, causes a large number of troublesome and painful sensations (a fact reported by 93.3% of patients), even its partial elimination can be considered as an option improving the quality of the treatment.

Воздействие криогенных сред и струйного горения на эпоксидные интумесцентные композиции, предназначенные для защиты оборудования и строительных конструкций нефтегазового комплекса

The article discusses the studies of epoxy intumescent fire-protective coating of steel structures impacted by cryogenic media and jet fire, in accordance with the requirements of the methodology developed at the Orenburg branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, and harmonized with the international standards ISO 22899-1:2021, ISO 20088-1:2016, and ISO 20088-3. The tests have been conducted with the epoxy fire- and cryogenic-protective intumescent composition «Plamkor-5» (produced by JSC Scientific and Production Holding «VMP», Yekaterinburg, Russia). According to the results of the test for resistance of a square-shaped sample with internal dimensions 1500×1500×500 mm and a central shelf made of 10 mm thick carbon steel coated with the fire-retardant composition «Plamkor-5» to cryogenic fluid spill, it has been established that the sample does not reach the critical temperature of minus 49 °C with an actual 22.37 mm dry layer thickness. The average sample temperature at the 60th minute of the test was minus 32.09 °C. The results of the test of a similar sample in order to determine the resistance of the fire-protective composition «Plamkor-5» to a jet fire with an actual 10,89 mm thickness of the protective dry layer have shown that the sample does not reach the critical temperature of 500 °С during 60-minute fire exposure, whereas the average temperature of the sample was only 37 % (184.84 ºС) of the temperature limit value. According to the results of the test for resistance of a steel column shape sample of I-section 25K2 coated with the fire-retardant composition «Plamkor-5» to spill under the pressure of the cryogenic liquid, it has been established that the sample does not reach the critical temperature of minus –49 °С with an actual 23.78 mm dry layer thickness, whereas the average temperature of the sample at the 60th minute of test was minus 48.38 °С. The obtained results are comparable with the effect of the best import analogs; therefore, «Plamkor-5»-based fire-protective coatings can be used for the design and development of fire protection of building structures, at the facilities of the oil and gas industry, in tunnel structures, and civil engineering.

#1972 Changes in vegetative hemodynamic relationship in the comorbid state of patients with respiratory pathology

Abstract Background and Aims The parameters of the vegetative nervous system (VNS) and its relationship with the function of the central and renal vessels in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) in comorbidity with glomerular filtration dysfunction of the kidneys were studied and the above-mentioned indicators of complex treatment regimens were determined. Since the tension of neuropsychiatric predictors negatively affects the state of hemodynamics and internal organs directly of the VNS. The constant hyperactivity of this system due to chronic inflammatory processes is the starting point of vegetative imbalance. Method 68 patients with comorbidity with glomerular filtration dysfunction of the kidneys and 30 healthy individuals were examined. Studies were conducted in 36 patients with BA grade II-III (group 1, in which the level of glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys was determined by eGFRCKD-EPI ≥6 ml/min/1.73 m2) and 32 patients with BA grade IV (group 2, they were determined by eGFRCKD-EPI ≥60 ml/min/1,73m2). The functional state of the peripheral VNS was studied by cardiointervalography (CIG) using methods of mathematical analysis of indicators: Mode (Mo, sec.) and mode amplitude (AMo, %); Vasodilation of dependent endothelium (VDE) was determined by hyperreactive brachial artery Dopplerography test: maximum systolic velocity (Vmax) and vascular resistance index (IR). Results On the first day of admission to the hospital, patients were examined by the VNS meth, where eitonia and vagotonia were detected in practically healthy people, and hypersympathicotonia was determined in patients with BA with disorders of central and renal hemodynamics. A significant decrease in Mo parameters and an increase in AMo levels were analyzed when compared with the reference parameters of healthy individuals. This reflects the tension of the sympathetic department, and parasympathicotonia, on the contrary, decreased. There is a decrease in the ability of PA vessels to actively vasodilate due to an imbalance in the tone of the VNS. In the results of the hyperemic test, it was analyzed that in patients with BA in comorbidity with glomerular filtration dysfunction of the kidneys, the Vmax of blood flow decreases, and IR increases in parallel with the severity of the disease. All patients underwent complex therapy with halotherapy for 20 minutes daily and resonance therapy for the area of both kidneys for 5 minutes of exposure, once a day, for 10 days. After the course of treatment, there was a positive dynamics in the functional parameters of the state of the VNS. The indicators of CIG were analyzed, where hypaticotonia decreased by 6.7%, and the parameters of the parasympathetic system improved to 5.3%. Conclusion At the heart of the elevation of maladaptive processes of chronic respiratory inflammation, hypoxia of brain structures and dysfunctions of glomerular filtration of the kidneys, vegetovisceral imbalance develops. The regimens of complex therapy have a positive effect, both anti-inflammatory at the visceral level and a calming effect on the VNS.

Myocardial SERCA2 Protects Against Cardiac Damage and Dysfunction Caused by Inhaled Bromine.

Myocardial sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) activity is critical for heart function. We have demonstrated that inhaled halogen (chlorine or bromine) gases inactivate SERCA2, impair calcium homeostasis, increase proteolysis, and damage the myocardium ultimately leading to cardiac dysfunction. To further elucidate the mechanistic role of SERCA2 in halogen-induced myocardial damage, we used bromine-exposed cardiac-specific SERCA2 knockout (KO) mice [tamoxifen-administered SERCA2 (flox/flox) Tg (αMHC-MerCreMer) mice] and compared them to the oil-administered controls. We performed echocardiography and hemodynamic analysis to investigate cardiac function 24 hours after bromine (600 ppm for 30 minutes) exposure and measured cardiac injury markers in plasma and proteolytic activity in cardiac tissue and performed electron microscopy of the left ventricle (LV). Cardiac-specific SERCA2 knockout mice demonstrated enhanced toxicity to bromine. Bromine exposure increased ultrastructural damage, perturbed LV shape geometry, and demonstrated acutely increased phosphorylation of phospholamban in the KO mice. Bromine-exposed KO mice revealed significantly enhanced mean arterial pressure and sphericity index and decreased LV end diastolic diameter and LV end systolic pressure when compared with the bromine-exposed control FF mice. Strain analysis showed loss of synchronicity, evidenced by an irregular endocardial shape in systole and irregular vector orientation of contractile motion across different segments of the LV in KO mice, both at baseline and after bromine exposure. These studies underscore the critical role of myocardial SERCA2 in preserving cardiac ultrastructure and function during toxic halogen gas exposures. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Due to their increased industrial production and transportation, halogens such as chlorine and bromine pose an enhanced risk of exposure to the public. Our studies have demonstrated that inhalation of these halogens leads to the inactivation of cardiopulmonary SERCA2 and results in calcium overload. Using cardiac-specific SERCA2 KO mice, these studies further validated the role of SERCA2 in bromine-induced myocardial injury. These studies highlight the increased susceptibility of individuals with pathological loss of cardiac SERCA2 to the effects of bromine.