Minutes For Females Research Articles

Medical students and residents of both sexes have similar learning curves for laparoscopy simulator training

BackgroundSimulation-based laparoscopy training is a standard part of modern surgical education. Studies focused on optimizing training for surgical residents have often used medical students as study participants. This has been criticized as medical students might have different prerequisites for surgical skills training due to their limited knowledge and exposure to real-life laparoscopic procedures. Simulation-based training has also been criticized for favouring male trainees due to its resemblance with video games and focus on competition. This study aimed to investigate if there is any difference in skills acquisition between novice surgical residents and medical students for proficiency-based laparoscopic training. Furthermore, to examine if there was a difference between male and female participants. MethodWe did a post-hoc study combining data from 59 participants from four previously published randomized trials. We compared residents with medical students and females with male participants across studies with identical training programs. ResultsThe median time to reach proficiency in the first training program comparison was 295 (IQR: 269-357) and 318 (241-445) minutes, respectively, for the residents and medical students (p=0.87). Male trainees spent 323 (IQR: 281-371) minutes to reach proficiency compared to 318 (IQR: 241-445)minutes for females (p=0.73). In the second training program comparison, the residents and medical students spent 169 (IQR: 123-229) and 165 (IQR: 128-214) minutes (p=0.67), respectively, reaching proficiency. The times for males and females were 166 (IQR: 61-151)minutes and 169 (61-117) minutes, respectively (p=0.74). ConclusionSimilar learning curves were observed for laparoscopic skills acquisition for residents and medical students. No difference was observed between male and female participants for proficiency-based laparoscopy simulator training.

(105) What About the Pillow Talk? Exploring Gender Differences Between Quality of Sex and Time to Sleep

Abstract Introduction The notion of a potential difference between men and women in post-coital time-to-sleep has received attention in mainstream media, perpetuating the stereotype that men fall asleep first (1-7). However, scientific literature on this topic is limited and inconclusive (8-10). It is imperative that we establish a clearer understanding of any potential gender differences in the time it takes to fall asleep after intercourse because sleep patterns and post-sexual experiences can significantly impact overall well-being, intimate relationships, and individuals' physical and mental health. Objective The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between quality of intercourse and post-coital time-to-sleep utilizing Fitbit wearable technology. The secondary goal of this study was to determine if gender impacts the relationship between quality of intercourse and post-coital time-to-sleep. Methods Healthy volunteers without underlying sexual dysfunction wore a Fitbit Versa 3 devices for 6 weeks. Participants, aged 18 and above, transmitted encrypted, de-identified data through the Fitbit app. Weekly online surveys recorded the number, timing, and type of sexual encounters. Fitbit devices measured heart rate during encounters, normalized to resting heart rate. Sleep data from the Fitbit devices was collected over the study period. Results A total of 14 representative sexual encounters (7 from each gender) were chosen, and linear regressions were conducted to examine the association between sexual satisfaction and sleep duration. The results revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between improved quality of sex and longer time to sleep after sex for men (r2 value = 0.8685, p value = 0.007). This correlation was not seen in women, and although not statistically significant, women trended in the opposite direction, with higher quality sexual encounters resulting in women taking shorter time to fall asleep. (36.16 minutes in males vs. 12.85 minutes in females). These findings suggest that the intensity and satisfaction of sexual experiences may influence the physiological and psychological arousal levels, leading to prolonged wakefulness and delayed onset of sleep in men. Conclusions Our study utilizing Fitbit wearable technology provides valuable insights into the relationship between gender differences, quality of intercourse, and post-coital time-to-sleep. Our findings suggest that there is a positive correlation between higher sexual activity satisfaction and longer time-to-sleep post-intercourse for men. In women, although not statistically significant, the trend was in the opposite direction with greater quality of sex leading to shortened time-to-sleep. These findings have significant implications for understanding the complex interplay between sexual experiences, sleep patterns, and overall well-being, highlighting the need for further research and tailored interventions to optimize sexual health and promote restful sleep for individuals of all genders. Disclosure No.

Gender Disparities in Ankylosing Spondylitis: An Algerian Retrospective Analytical Cohort Study

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease that can impair function and lower quality of life, which causes spinal bone fusion and new bone production. Several studies have been done on the differences in damage between women and men. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the differences between men and women with AS regarding clinical characteristics, structural damage, and treatment used by Algerian patients. Methods: In this study, 292 patients diagnosed with AS at the Hassani Abdelkader Hospital Rehabilitation Department of Sidi Bel Abbes Region between 2018 and 2021 were enrolled. The studied parameters were age, disease duration, age at disease onset, morning stiffness, joint involvements, laboratory data, disease activity, and treatments. All data were processed and analyzed via Excel and SPSS 20.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, IBM Corporation, Chicago, IL, August 2011). Results: We assessed 166 females and 126 males. The mean age at disease onset was 31.69 ± 10.675 vs. 30.38 ± 10.250 years, and morning stiffness duration was 26.08 ± 26.977 vs. 23.80 ± 26.529 minutes in females and males, respectively. Positive HLA-B27 was noted more in 71.9% of women and 69.6% of men. Also, the female group suffered more from their lumbar (100%) and high inflammation (83.8% elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and 59.9% positive C-reactive protein (CRP)) rather than females who suffered from a long disease duration (7.28 ± 4.867 vs. 6.74 ± 3.584). Peripheral joints were primarily affected in males than females (knees involvement: 26.4% vs. 3.6% and hips involvement: 69.6% vs. 3%, respectively). In addition, high disease activity was more noted in men (52.8% vs. 41.9%, respectively). The most noted comorbidities, including uveitis, psoriasis, and diabetes, affected more females than males (40% vs. 29.9%, 4.8% vs. 2.4%, and 2.4% vs. 1.2%, respectively). Concerning the treatment, men used more sulfasalazine than women, 86.4% vs. 76%, while women used more Humira than men (88.6% vs. 74.4%, respectively). Conclusions: According to our findings, women had a higher inflammation rate and more damage in their lumbar, requiring more sulfasalazine and Humira treatment than men who suffered from their peripheral joints and higher disease activity.

Sex differences in acute hemodynamic response in comatose survivors of OHCA

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Novo Nordisk Fonden Background In critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock, neurohormonal activation is higher in females compared with males. Whether this is the case in patients resuscitated from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is not known and whether sex-based differences relate to achieving mean-arterial-pressure (MAP)-target has not previously been described. Methods This was an investigator-initiated, randomized, controlled study of targeted MAP (63 vs 77 mmHg) and PaO2 (9-10 vs 13-14 kPa) interventions in 789 comatose OHCA (of presumed cardiac origin) patients. Patients underwent serial hemodynamic assessments with pulmonary artery catheter at time of insertion, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h. Among parameters recorded were heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO) and central venous pressure (CVP), from which cardiac index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) were derived. Patient characteristics included sex for stratification, age, time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and initial electrocardiographic (ECG) rhythm. Results Hemodynamic parameters from 729 patients were analysed, of which 138 (19%) were female and 591 (81%) were male. Both groups had a median age of 64 years, with median time-to-ROSC of 19 minutes in females versus 18 minutes in males. In females versus in males, SVRI and HR were higher (fig.1,2). There were no differences among sexes with regards to CI, MAP, or dose of noradrenaline. At 12 hours, median SVRI in females was 755 dyn·s/cm5·m2 (inter-quartile ratio, IQR 569-931) versus 554 dyn·s/cm5·m2 (IQR 441-684) in males (P<0.0001). At the same point in time, median HR was 71 beats/minute (bpm) in females (IQR 59-82) versus 62 bpm (IQR 54-74) in males (P<0.0001). Lastly, 12-hour median CI was 1.82 L/min/m2 (IQR 1.54-2.40) in females versus 1.95 L/min/m2 (IQR 1.63-2.43) in males (P=0.1303). Conclusions Female comatose OHCA patients had higher SVRI and HR during the first 48 hours of ICU admission, without difference in MAP or vasopressor requirement. Sex specific physiological mechanisms may be involved in maintaining vascular resistance.

Heart rate recovery to assess fitness: comparison of different calculation methods in a large cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT We propose a cross-sectional study based on 980 maximal effort tests to quantify the effect of the calculation method of heart rate recovery (HRR) on its association with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). For five different time t0 after exercise cessation, HRR has been calculated as: the difference and the ratio between maximal measured heart rate and heart rate (HR) at t0 HR at t0 the decay time of an exponential decay encompassing the first t0 minutes of the HR recovery. The associations between HRR indices and CRF were estimated from generalized estimating equations stratified by gender and adjusted for age and body mass index. For HRR indices based on exponential regression, no significant association with CRF was found, whereas the other HRR indices are associated with CRF when t0 is at least 1 minute and is maximum for t0 = 2 minutes for females and t0 = 3 minutes for males.

Age and Sex Variation in the Duration of Action and Corneal Touch Threshold (CTT) following Instillation of 0.5% Topical Ophthalmic Proparacaine and Tetracaine Hydrochlorides.

Purpose We investigated the effect of age and sex on corneal touch threshold (CTT) and duration of action following administration of 0.5% topical ophthalmic proparacaine and tetracaine hydrochlorides. Methods A prospective, randomized, subject-masked, crossover study design was used. Two hundred and forty human volunteers were enrolled in the study. Corneal touch threshold (CTT) was determined using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. CTT was measured every 15 seconds for the first 1-minute and at 5-minute intervals subsequently for a period of 40 minutes after the application of each anesthetic. CTT and duration of action of the ophthalmic solutions were tested for statistical significance using repeated measures ANOVA. Results The total duration of effect was 20 minutes for females and 25 minutes for males for both anesthetics. The total duration of the effect of both solutions decreased with increasing age; however, elderly participants had the longest duration (5 minutes) of the maximal effect (minimum CTT) of the two ophthalmic preparations. There was a significant influence of sex, F (2.39, 569.65) = 2.86, p=0.04; F (3.48, 828.19) = 4.41, p=0.003, and age, F (4.78, 566.18) = 8.97, p < 0.001; F (7.19, 852.56) = 20.55, p < 0.001 on CTT following application of proparacaine hydrochloride and tetracaine hydrochloride, respectively. Conclusion CTT and duration of anesthetic effect after instillation of 1 drop of 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride and 0.5% tetracaine hydrochloride vary based on sex and age.

Utilizing electronic technologies to measure patient-reported outcomes (PRO) assessment completion time.

69 Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) contribute to the assessment and treatment of cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Paper-based symptom assessments are cumbersome and time-consuming. Electronic assessments are an efficient alternative. This study describes CRF Clinic patients at a major cancer Institution, the time they required to complete self-reported CRF symptom assessments via a tablet computer (iPad), and the factors influencing PRO assessment completion time. Methods: From 1/1/2011 to 8/21/2012, 190 newly-referred CRF Clinic patients utilized an iPad to complete standardized CRF symptom assessments for: fatigue, pain, depression, anxiety, stress, sleepiness, and apathy. A web-based assessment module (BrightOutcome) was employed, which recorded assessment start and completion times. Non-Parametric test statistics were utilized for analysis. Results: Of the initial 190 patients, 3 were excluded due to non-cancer diagnoses and 1 was excluded due to an erroneous completion time of 8,903 minutes. Sample size is 186 patients; mean age was 55.49 years (range: 31-89); 69.4% (n = 119) were female. Patient mean fatigue score (Brief Fatigue Inventory) was 6.4. Mean assessment completion time was 16.73 minutes (range: 4-47). Assessments took longer to complete for patients ≥ 65 years (mean: 21.53 minutes; range: 9-43), males (mean of 18.3 vs. 16 minutes for females), patients with severe fatigue (7-10) (mean 18.31 minutes; range: 4-47), greatest apathy (38-72) (mean: 19.5 minutes; range 8-47), those with active cancer (mean: 18.02 minutes vs. 15.15 minutes in cancer survivors), and those with 2 or more comorbidities (mean: 18.41 minutes vs. 15.86 minutes in those with less than 2 comorbidities). Pain severity and interference, anxiety, depression, stress, and sleepiness did not statistically significantly impact assessment completion time. Conclusions: Patients who are older, male, fatigued, apathetic, with active cancer or with 2 or more comorbidities may require longer in-clinic time to complete standard symptom assessments. Further studies exploring these and other patient characteristics potentially impacting the integration of new technologies into patient care and research are warranted.

Effective Factors in Door-to-Needle Time for Streptokinase Administration in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Admitted to the Emergency Department.

Background:Cardiovascular incidents are a common cause of death around the world. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) poses high risks for the patient due to plaque rupture or erosion along with a superimposed non-occlusive thrombus; therefore, timely treatment with antithrombotic agents plays a key role in reducing an AMI mortality rate.Objectives:The present study aimed to assess the time interval between the admission of AMI-suspected patients and treatment initiation.Patients and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 patients admitted to the emergency department of Imam Hussein hospital in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using checklists, completed by the patients’ next of kin or the emergency staff. To analyze the data, student t- test and analysis of variance were used.Results:In this study, 31 female and 79 male subjects were included, respectively. The mean time to receive the first dose of streptokinase was 66.39 minutes (73.74 minutes for females and 63.5 minutes for male patients), varying from 49.92 minutes in the morning to 69.78 minutes in the afternoon and 72.68 minutes during night shifts.Conclusions:The door-to-needle (DTN) time, in a standard setting, is recommended to be less than 30 minutes. According to the results of this study, the DTN time is comparatively two times longer in females and afternoon and night shifts. Different variables including emergency staff, physicians, patients’ characteristics, and environmental/physical factors induced this difference.

Biomechanical Loading on the Hand, Wrist, and Forearm When Holding a Tablet Computer

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Based upon the endurance of their hand and forearm, the maximum duration for holding a computer tablet statically with one hand was less than 10 minutes for many users. In everyday situations, users would likely change posture before this time, but for users whose options are more limited, such as during enterprise use, high levels of fatigue could develop. Therefore, for people in situations where holding a tablet for extended periods of time is required, it would be prudent to change grips frequently, support the tablet on a surface, use aids (such as a stand or strap), hold it with both hands, switch to alternative tasks, and/or take breaks.TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: The use of tablet computers at home and in the workplace has rapidly increased in recent years. Tablet users may hold them for extended periods, increasing the risk of developing fatigue and potential musculoskeletal disorders. Purpose: The goals of this study were to estimate the biomechanical loading on the forearm and hand when holding a tablet computer and to assess the effects of orientation, mass, and the execution of touch gestures on this loading. Methods: Multiple parallel approaches were used to assess an unsupported single-handed grip: maximum load, maximum holding time, biomechanical models to estimate strength demands, ratings of perceived exertion, and grip pressure. Ten males and 10 females participated. Results: A majority (75%) of the participants adopted a modified lateral pinch grip. Using the maximum load method, females exerted a significantly higher percentage of their maximum voluntary contraction than males in landscape orientation (18.5% versus 13.5% maximum voluntary contraction) but not in portrait orientation. In portrait orientation, maximum holding time was 11.5 minutes for females and 15.9 minutes for males. Orientation, but not gesturing, had statistically significant main effects on loading. Conclusions: Holding a tablet one-handed for an extended period of time, as might be found in some enterprise settings, was found to be very fatiguing for the hand; it would thus be prudent for such users to use both hands, support aids, frequent posture changes, or breaks involving rest or alternative tasks.

Effects of Aging on Nasal Mucociliary Clearance

ABSTRACT Nasal mucociliary clearance is a primary physiological defense mechanism of upper as well as lower respiratory tract, and thus maintains the state of health of the respiratory tract. Any disturbance in number or movement of cilia and change in character or amount of mucus production leads to an altered nasal mucociliary clearance. The present study was undertaken to study the effect of aging on nasal mucociliary clearance. Nasal mucociliary clearance time was assessed in 240 normal subjects, 120 males and 120 females, which were divided in six groups, each comprising of one decade starting from 11 to 20 years. The mean nasal mucociliary clearance time ranged 7.34 to 14.48 minutes in males and 7.36 to 15.38 minutes in females in different groups (A-F). There was no statistical difference between males and females in each group (p &gt; 0.05). The nasal mucociliary clearance time was not found to be increased till 5th decade (p = 0.05). However, the nasal mucociliary clearance time was found to be increased in 6th and 7th decades (group E&amp;F) significantly (p 0.001), which was more marked in group F. This may explain the increased susceptibility of elderly to sinusitis chronic bronchitis, deep lung infections and increased incidence of pneumonia.

Is female sex associated with ED delays to diagnosis of appendicitis in the computed tomography era?

Background Historically, females had delays to definitive diagnosis of appendicitis when compared to males. In this current millennium, appendicitis is now most commonly diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department (ED) rather than at surgery. Objective The aim of the study was to assess if female gender is still associated with delays to diagnosis of appendicitis in the CT era. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of adult patients with appendicitis at a university teaching hospital ED was conducted. Inclusion criteria was age of more than 18 years and an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), diagnosis of appendicitis. Patients were excluded from analysis if they were pregnant, no CT scan was obtained in the ED, or had incomplete outcome data. Results One hundred thirty-seven patients met inclusion criteria; 65 female, 72 males. Time from triage to CT order was 138 minutes in females and 95 minutes in males ( P = .0012). Time from initial physician evaluation to CT order was 45 minutes in females and 28 minutes in males ( P = .0012). Nonclassic symptoms were more common in females and pelvic evaluation did not delay the CT order. Conclusion Female gender is still associated with delays to CT acquisition and diagnosis of appendicitis.

Effect of testosterone loading on the kinetic of faecal testosterone excretion in mallards

Intestinal passage time of coloured fodder and testosterone turnover were examined by faecal steroid analysis in mallards in the reproductive and postrefractory period. In the latter, the discharge of coloured fodder began 36 minutes after ingestion in males, and 56 minutes in females. During reproduction the discharge began 93 minutes and 112 minutes after ingestion in males and females, respectively. Total passage time was similar in the reproductive and postrefractory period in both sexes. After intraperitoneal testosterone injection, faecal samples were collected for 8 hours and testosterone levels were measured using RIA. In the postrefractory period, 1-2 hours after testosterone loading a strong increase of faecal testosterone content developed in males, meanwhile a slighter testosterone peak appeared in females. During reproduction testosterone excretion began 1.5-2 hours after injection in both sexes but in females its increase was smaller. The duration of response to testosterone loading was 5 hours in both periods and both sexes. Intensive excretion after T loading appeared earlier in males than in females, but total passage time finished at the same time: 5 hours after loading. The character of testosterone excretion was corresponding to the passage of fodder-chimus-faeces in the reproductive and postrefractory period in both sexes.

Field immobilisation of southern elephant seals with intravenous tiletamine and zolazepam

Southern elephant seals (Miroungo leonina) were immobilised with a mixture of tiletamine and zolazepam administered intravenously at a mean (sd) dose rate of 0.46 (0.08) mg/kg. This dose provided a...

Oviposition by the Boll Weevil in the Field12

Oviposition by Anthonomus grandis Boheman was observed in detail in the field. Average time from initial mating to 1st oviposition was 21 minutes, but the oviposition time for overwintered females was longer than for females of the subsequent generation. The process of puncturing the square and depositing the egg required an average of 6¼ minutes for overwintered females and 4½ minutes for females of the subsequent generation. Females deposited almost 1 egg per hour at a fairly smooth pace throughout the day starting at about 0800 hr. Apparent peaks were noted between 0900 and 1000 hr, and between 1200 and 1300 hr. The number of eggs deposited per hour was also somewhat reduced in the overwintered generation.