Minority Stress Research Articles

Intimate partner violence among LGB and heterosexual adults: Prevalence and associated minority stress factors

Intimate partner violence among LGB and heterosexual adults: Prevalence and associated minority stress factors

The association between minority stressors, intraminority stressors, and borderline personality disorder symptomatology among sexual minority men.

Sexual minority men are more likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Minority stressors have been associated with criteria for borderline personality disorder (e.g., substance use, suicidality, impulsive behaviors, and interpersonal difficulties with rejection). However, to date, there are no known studies examining the association between traditional minority and intraminority stressors and borderline personality disorder symptomatology. The purpose of the study is to examine the association between traditional and intraminority stressors and borderline personality disorder symptomatology among sexual minority men. Data were collected from 312 sexual minority men (Mage = 24.00, SD = 4.04) via Qualtrics panels across the United States. A hierarchical linear regression was conducted with borderline personality disorder symptomatology as the outcome variable. Minority stressors (i.e., internalized homophobia, sexual orientation concealment, major discrimination, and day-to-day discrimination) were entered in Step 1, and intraminority stress was entered in Step 2. In Step 1, both major and day-to-day discrimination were significantly positively associated with borderline personality disorder symptomatology. In Step 2, intraminority stress was significantly positively associated with borderline personality disorder symptomatology, and day-to-day discrimination remained significant. These findings warrant clinicians to evaluate both minority and intraminority stressors, which may be an additional risk factor in the development and/or maintenance of borderline personality disorder symptomatology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Mental Health Risk and Protection Among First-Generation Latinx Immigrant Youth: A Latent Profile Analysis.

First-generation Latinx immigrant youth from the Northern Triangle (NT; El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras) face unique risks for experiencing stressors across the phases of migration, which could exacerbate their mental health. This study aimed to (a) identify and characterize unique latent profile groups based on response patterns to immigrant minority stress and psychosocial protective factor items and (b) examine the associations of latent profile membership with depression and anxiety symptoms among NT immigrant youth, controlling for study covariates (i.e., postmigration victimization and forced immigration-related family separation). Primary surveys assessing immigrant minority stress and psychosocial protective factors (i.e., ethnic identity importance, and family, peer, and school support) were administered (N = 172, age range = 14-21, 63% female). Latent profile analysis (Aim 1) and multiple linear regression (Aim 2) were conducted to examine the study aims. A three latent profile model was identified: (a) moderate immigrant minority stress and low psychosocial protection (weak resources), (b) moderate immigrant minority stress and moderate psychosocial protection (average resources), and (c) low immigrant minority stress and high psychosocial protection (strong resources) during postmigration. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that latent profile membership was significantly associated with mental health. Protective associations with mental health were consistently present among the strong resources group. Detrimental associations with mental health were consistently present among the weak resources group. The average resources group demonstrated both protective and detrimental associations with mental health. Postmigration victimization and forced immigration-related family separation covariates were significantly associated with mental health. Findings provide a foundation for further mental health prevention research with NT immigrant youth.

Abstract 4125691: A machine learning approach to examining the associations of minority stressors and physical activity among sexual and gender minority adults

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is an important modifiable factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sexual and gender minority (SGM; e.g., lesbian/gay, bisexual, transgender) adults face higher risks of inadequate PA and CVD due to increased exposure to minority stressors, such as experienced and anticipated discrimination, which may influence SGM adults’ willingness to engage in PA. To our knowledge, researchers have not investigated the impact of minority stressors on objectively-measured PA among SGM adults. Goal: Using k-means clustering, we sought to identify whether clusters characterized by greater exposure to minority stressors were associated with lower moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) and higher sedentary behavior among SGM adults. Methods: This daily diary study included an online sample of SGM adults living in the United States. Participants completed daily surveys about personally experienced discrimination and anticipated discrimination (i.e., expectation of experiencing discrimination) and wore wrist accelerometers for 28 days to objectively measure PA. We used k-means clustering to identify clusters based on reports of experienced and anticipated discrimination. We first determined the optimal number of clusters using established partition criteria. Next, we ran linear regression models (adjusted for demographic factors) to examine the associations of minority stress clusters with MVPA and sedentary time per week. Results: Among 42 SGM adults (mean age 27.0±7.7 years) with 1133 person-days of accelerometry data (~3% missing data), we identified four minority stress clusters: low anticipated/low experienced (LALE; reference group); low anticipated/high experienced (LAHE); high anticipated/low experienced (HALE); and high anticipated/high experienced discrimination (HAHE). Participants in the HALE cluster (n=12) engaged in 202 fewer minutes of MVPA than those in the LALE cluster (n=7). Participants in the LAHE cluster (n=10) had 123 fewer minutes of vigorous PA than those in the LALE cluster. No differences were identified for sedentary time. Conclusions: This is the first study to examine the association of minority stressors with objective PA among SGM adults. Participants in the HALE and LAHE clusters engaged in significantly lower PA than those with low levels of both experienced and anticipated discrimination. Findings underscore the importance of assessing minority stressors and the need for interventions to improve PA among SGM adults.

University students who were men who had sex with men (MSM) in Sichuan, China had a higher prevalence of insomnia and probable depression than their non-MSM counterparts: mediation via emotional dysregulations.

Men who have sex with men studying in universities (MSM-US) frequently face multiple sexual minority stressors that potentially lead to maladaptive emotional regulations and mental problems. This study compared the prevalence of depression/insomnia between MSM-US and non-MSM male university students (NUS) and hypothesized that the potential differences would be mediated via emotional dysregulation styles (rumination and catastrophizing). The study design was a cross-sectional study. NUS were recruited from a university-based survey using cluster sampling in three universities in China from June to October 2018, while MSM-US from the same university-based survey and the other community-based survey using convenience sampling. The effective samples size was 2,531 (292 MSM-US and 2,239 NUS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed. MSM-US had significantly higher prevalence of both probable depression (55.1% versus 35.7%; OR = 4.85, 95% CI: 3.38-6.94) and moderate-to-severe clinical insomnia (17.3% versus 4.1%; OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.73-2.83) than NUS. MSM-US were also more likely than NUS to use emotional dysregulation styles (rumination/catastrophizing), which were correlated with probable depression/insomnia (r = 0.17 to 0.31). In the SEM, the differences in depression/insomnia between MSM-US and NUS were partially mediated by the latent variable of emotional dysregulation (rumination and catastrophizing), with effect sizes of 55.0% for probable depression and 33.6% for insomnia, respectively. Depression and insomnia were prevalent among male university students in Sichuan, China. Furthermore, MSM-US were at increased risk than NUS for both mental problems; emotional dysregulation partially explained such differences. Future studies are warranted to confirm the findings, develop tailored interventions to address general and MSM-specific stressors and reduce rumination and catastrophizing, and examine whether similar patterns exist in other sexual minority groups.

Negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic stress among Black adults who smoke

Black/African American (hereafter, Black) adults who smoke are at risk for tobacco-related health disparities in the United States (US). Although racial-based stressors (e.g., discrimination) are associated with smoking among this group, past work has not characterized individual differences in negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic stress in terms of smoking. The present investigation sought to address this limitation and evaluate the incremental validity of negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic stress on smoking processes after accounting for clinically important covariates. Participants included 517 Black individuals from the US who endorsed daily cigarette smoking (≥5 cigarettes per day, Mage = 45.1 years of age, 51.5% female). Results indicated that negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic minority stress was associated with an increased risk of severity of problems when quitting (ΔR 2 = .01), perceived barriers for smoking cessation (ΔR 2 = .03), and addictive (ΔR 2 = .03) as well as negative mood reduction smoking motives (ΔR 2 = .04); with effects evident after adjusting for frequency of racial/ethnic discrimination and other factors (e.g., drug use problems). Overall, the present findings provide novel empirical evidence that negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic minority stress among Black adults in the US is associated with several smoking processes implicated in the maintenance and relapse of smoking.

Minority stress and psychological well-being in queer populations

Queer individuals experience unique stressors related to their minority status, negatively impacting their mental health. One factor contributing to these disparities is exposure to minority stress, which involves social stressors related to minority status. Previous research has focused on the negative impacts of minority stress, with less attention to its impact on positive psychological functioning. This study explored the relationship between minority stress and psychological well-being among 270 queer individuals in German-speaking countries. Participants completed an online survey assessing minority stress and psychological well-being. Analyses of Covariance indicated that proximal factors of minority stress—such as self-stigma, concealment, and expectations of rejection—had a particularly negative impact on psychological well-being, but no effects could be found for gender and sexual orientation. Additionally, gender identity but not sexual orientation had a significant effect on minority stress, with non-binary and other gender identities reporting higher minority stress compared to females. Thematic analysis revealed concerns about survey inclusivity, gender identity challenges, and intersectionality of minority identities. Our findings emphasize the significant impact of minority stress on the psychological well-being of queer individuals, particularly non-binary people and those with diverse gender identities, while demonstrating the need for inclusive research methodologies, tailored interventions, and policies addressing the diverse experiences within the queer community.

How Does Minority Stress Relate to Sexual Wellbeing? A Scoping Review

How Does Minority Stress Relate to Sexual Wellbeing? A Scoping Review

Exploring Sexual Satisfaction in Lesbian and Bisexual Women from a Minority Stress Perspective

Sexual health among lesbian and bisexual (LB) women has largely been studied in the context of sexual health behaviors. Less is known about aspects of sexual health such as sexual satisfaction and minority stress processes as possible predictors of sexual satisfaction. This study explored sexual satisfaction and minority stress in LB women. Single and partnered cisgender LB women (N = 627) were compared on measures of sexual satisfaction and proximal minority stress (i.e., internalized homonegativity and outness/concealment). The proximal minority stress variables were tested as predictors of sexual satisfaction in a regression analysis. Multigroup analyses were also conducted to explore differences between lesbian and bisexual women in the regression analysis. Participants were recruited through LGBT+ websites and other social media platforms in Norway. Results showed that lesbian women were more open about their sexual orientation, reported greater identification with the LGBT+ community, and were more sexually satisfied than bisexual women. Those with a steady partner were also more sexually satisfied than those who were single. Being younger, partnered and experiencing less internalized homonegativity (IH) predicted greater satisfaction in LB women overall, and no differences in the predictors across sexual orientation were found in the multigroup analysis.

LBTQ parents’ bonding experiences after complicated births: managing minority stress and traumatic experiences

ABSTRACT Background Birth complications increase the risk of birth injuries and neonatal complications, as well as the risk of experiencing childbirth as a trauma. This, in turn, increases the risk of postpartum mental ill-health and may affect early bonding with the baby. Birth complications add additional stress on lesbian, bisexual, transgender and queer (LBTQ) parents, as they also must navigate hetero- and cisnormative assumptions, being subject to othering, and negative attitudes from healthcare staff. Aim To explore LBTQ parents’ experiences of bonding with their child following a complicated birth. Methods Semi-structured interviews with 22 birthing and non-birthing parents. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. Results The results describe obstructive and facilitating factors. Being traumatised was the main obstacle for mentally engaging with the baby. A focus on physical injuries and healing hindered caretaking and bonding for birthing parents. Stress related to their parental role was obstructive for some non-birthing parents, who struggled to find space to process their own experiences when the partner and/or child was not well. Other non-birthing parents experienced a head start in the bonding process when their partner was injured. Some birthing parents had positive bonding experiences despite the birth complications, as they felt an alliance with their child in the harsh situation. Conclusion Complicated births and minority stressors can increase the risk of bonding difficulties and mental ill-health. Tailored, LBTQ-competent care is essential to support both birthing and non-birthing parents in overcoming these challenges.

Proximal and distal minority stressors and mental health among young gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Kisumu, Kenya.

Young gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Kenya experience pervasive intersectional stigma and discrimination, contributing to elevated levels of negative mental health symptoms. Grounded in the Minority Stress Model, this paper explores associations of proximal and distal minority stressors with three types of negative mental health outcomes among young HIV-negative GBMSM (n = 63) between the ages of 19-34 who participated in a pilot trial of a sexual health intervention. Using the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PC-PTSD-5 screening measures, levels of clinically significant symptoms were reported as follows: 15.8% depressive symptoms, 12.7% anxiety symptoms, 31.7% posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results from stepwise linear regression analyses suggest that GBMSM-related stigma (distal stressor) was the strongest correlate for all three mental health outcomes, and concealment motivation (proximal stressor) was an additional significant correlate only in the depressive symptoms model. These findings should be viewed with caution and seen as initial observations given the small sample which limits our interpretations of the findings. Structural-level interventions are needed to decrease GBMSM's exposure to intersectional stigma and discrimination, such as decriminalization of same-sex sexual activity, as well as individual and group-level interventions that assist GBMSM with improving their adaptive coping strategies.

When connecting with LGBTQ+ communities helps and why it does: A meta-analysis of the relationship between connectedness and health-related outcomes.

We conducted a multilevel meta-analysis of 390 effect sizes from 167 studies with 157,923 participants examining the relationship between connectedness with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) communities and health-related outcomes, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We conducted our initial search in January 2023 in APA PsycInfo, ERIC, Medline, and Open Dissertations, selecting studies that (a) measured LGBTQ+ community connectedness, (b) measured health, and (c) provided an estimate of the relationship between LGBTQ+ community connectedness and health. We found that connectedness with LGBTQ+ communities promotes mental health (r = .11), well-being (r = .17), and physical health (r = .09). Conversely, we found that connectedness with LGBTQ+ communities promotes substance use among younger participants, likely through behavioral engagement with LGBTQ+ others. We found that connectedness with LGBTQ+ communities was related to less mental health and more suicidality for younger people, likely because younger LGBTQ+ people seek out connectedness in response to this psychological distress. We also found that connectedness was not as health-promoting for LGBTQ+ individuals with multiple marginalized identities and that psychological feelings of belongingness with LGBTQ+ communities are generally more health-promoting than behavioral community engagement. Results from a narrative review and moderation meta-analyses suggested that, contrary to predictions made by minority stress theory, connectedness with LGBTQ+ communities does not buffer the relationship between minority stressors and health. Rather, meta-analytic mediation analyses suggested that proximal minority stressors negatively impact health-related outcomes by reducing connectedness with LGBTQ+ communities and that distal minority stressors are often less impactful on health-related outcomes because they promote connectedness with LGBTQ+ communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Socioecology of Sexual Minority Stigma: Advancing Theory on Stigma-Based Mechanisms Underlying Sexual Orientation-Based Disparities in Health

Research in public health and psychology has identified sexual minority stigma-related risk factors that contribute to sexual orientation-based health disparities across settings and societies worldwide. Existing scholarship, however, has predominantly focused on these factors as independent, stand-alone risk factors, neglecting their interconnected nature across different levels. This article theoretically explores how sexual minority stigma may function as a multilevel socioecological system, by building on prevailing theories and emphasizing the interplay between structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal stigma-related factors. Drawing on the minority stress and socioecological theories, three central tenets are proposed, namely 1) chronosystem with immediate, accumulating, or lasting effects across spatiotemporal contexts, 2) nested multilevel system with cross-level effects, and 3) mechanistic pathways linking stigma exposure to health. By providing a nuanced and comprehensive understanding of how sexual minority stigma may operate as a multilevel socioecological system, this article aims to contribute by reflecting on the novel implications of this interpretation for future research and to guide conceptualizations and studies, acknowledging the complexity of sexual minority stigma exposure across historical contexts, societies, and the individual life course in shaping physical and mental health of sexual minorities. Limitations of current research and recommendations for future research are discussed.

How can we build structural resilience? Integration of social-ecological and minority stress models.

As the United States contends with racism and a social justice reckoning, the need to advance our understanding of how to build structural resilience continues to be pressing. This article proposes a culturally and structurally informed model of resilience for individuals with minoritized identities that integrates social-ecological and minority stress models. First, common stressors and traumas experienced by minoritized individuals at multiple levels of proximal/distal influence are reviewed: microsystem (e.g., family rejection), mesosystem (e.g., community-based discrimination), exosystem (e.g., barriers to health care), macrosystem (e.g., harmful legal policies), and chronosystem (e.g., historical legacy). Next, how these exposures have cascading effects on minority stress processes (e.g., discriminatory policies in the macrosystem affect how a child is socialized in the microsystem) are considered. Then, modifiable factors (e.g., community cohesion) that promote resiliency in the face of ongoing exposures are discussed. To conclude, guidelines are offered for advancing the psychological science of resilience in minoritized groups including mixed methods to reflect participants' experiences, ecological approaches to assess resilience, and multilevel modeling to understand the interplay between the social-ecological context and individual factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Differential patterns of emotion regulation in sexual minority adolescents in residential treatment

ObjectiveSexual minority adolescents experience disproportionate mental health problems, including increased anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Minority Stress Theory posits that sexual minority people experience significantly more stress (e.g., via discrimination or prejudice) in their everyday lives, which can underlie these mental health disparities. Though group differences in mental health symptoms are well-documented, there has been less focus on symptom trajectories, which is critical for identifying effective mental health interventions. MethodSeventy adolescents ages 13–19 years enrolled in a short-term, acute residential psychiatric treatment program provided self-report measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and emotion regulation difficulties at baseline, discharge (~2 weeks), and one-month post-treatment follow-up. Adolescents self-reported sexual orientation and were stratified into sexual minority (SM, n = 37) or heterosexual (n = 33) groups. ResultsDepressive and anxiety symptoms and emotion dysregulation scores were significantly reduced at follow-up, compared to baseline. While there were no significant group x time interactions for depressive and anxiety symptoms, the SM group entered the program with worse emotion dysregulation scores, which improved more over time compared to the heterosexual group. ConclusionThese findings show that although sexual minority individuals can make substantial gains during residential treatment, emotion regulation difficulties are a particularly relevant treatment target. Emotion regulation, a transdiagnostic construct that typically develops substantially during adolescence, might be of critical importance when identifying effective treatment interventions for sexual minority youth. LimitationsAdolescents in this sample demonstrated limited racial diversity and likely displayed a higher degree of psychopathology than the general population.

Clinical Care of Acne Vulgaris for Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth

Abstract Primary care providers have reported feeling ill-equipped to care for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients because of lack of training, and their treatment of acne has been shown to be variable and not standardized. This is an important practice gap, as TGD youth represent a historically underserved population in medicine, despite data suggesting that up to 9.2% of high school–age adolescents identify as TGD. Although needs and expectations for quality health-care in TGD youth do not necessarily differ from their cisgender peers, TGD adolescents have unique considerations in their care and are at risk for negative social and emotional outcomes secondary to minority stress, discrimination, and rejection by peers and family. Acne is estimated to affect approximately 85% of adolescents and is associated with negative mental health outcomes, including suicidal ideation, low self-esteem, and depression. As such, knowledgeable and culturally informed care of acne in TGD adolescents has important implications for quality of life for patients who desire effective treatment. This review article addresses these practice gaps by summarizing an approach to acne evaluation and management with an emphasis on appropriate regimens for TGD youth, and the unique psychosocial and medical considerations for this population.

Stress and the City: Mental Health in Urbanized vs. Rural Areas in Salzburg, Austria

Background: Living in the city is associated with a higher risk of suffering from stress, anxiety, and depression. Due to an increase of migration to the city, the association between mental health and city life is highly relevant to society. Methods: We analyzed data of 9573 participants (Ø 55.3 years, SD = 7.4) of the Paracelsus 10,000 study (Salzburg, Austria) who were classified into having or not having depressive symptoms. Population density, green space, and noise around the home address of the participants were collected and tested for correlations with mental health defined by depressive symptoms. We additionally tested whether migration status influenced the effect of urbanization on mental health. Results: There is a positive correlation between degree of urbanization and the probability of suffering from depressive symptoms (p = 0.011), yet this effect is independent of the migration background (p = 0.581). Participants in areas with high residential density were significantly more likely to suffer from poor mental health (p = 0.006 unadjusted). No significant association could be found between mental health and noise (p = 0.126 unadjusted) or green space neither regarding distance to closest green space (p = 0.549 unadjusted), nor size of green space (p = 0.549 unadjusted). Conclusions: In the Paracelsus 10,000 cohort, living in the city is associated with lower mental health, especially in participants with a high population density in the direct neighborhood. This might be due to social stress yet does not reflect minority stress in migrants. However, the influence of noise pollution and green space on mental health is limited in this cohort.

Menstrual management in transgender and gender diverse individuals: psychiatric and psychosocial considerations.

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) menstruators are individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB)*, who retain the capacity to menstruate and have a gender identity that differs from their natal sex. Reports indicate up to 1.6 million individuals in the US identify as TGD. Until recently, the mainstream menstrual discourse has failed to capture the experience of transmenstruators. However, a better understanding of the menstrual experiences of TGD-AFAB will allow for more individualized patient-centered care. In this review, we provide the relevant data necessary to inform the psychiatric management of menstruation in TGD-AFAB individuals, including experiences of menstruation, preferences for menstrual management, and the impact on mental health. Our review indicates that menstrual care in TGD patients must be tailored to the individual; clinicians should remain open-minded to the unique experience of transmenstruators; gender-affirming menstrual care is necessary to reduce psychological burden. It should not be assumed that TGD-AFAB menstruators are utilizing appropriate contraceptive methods and should receive contraceptive and fertility preservation counseling. We highlight the importance of having these conversations early in the reproductive arch, even before puberty onset. Keeping in mind the gender minority stress model, in the upcoming sections, we discuss the limited body of literature on mood disorders in TGD-AFAB individuals who menstruate, undergo menstrual suppression, or continue to ovulate. The psychological impact of hormonal therapies is also reviewed.

Gender Nonconformity, Minority Stress, and Psychological Distress Among Sexual Minority Adolescents.

Purpose: Sexual minority adolescents (SMAs) have disproportionate experiences of mental health symptoms during adolescence, and minority stress contributes to mental health inequities among SMAs. Gender nonconformity (GNC) could place SMAs at higher risk for minority stress and subsequent mental health symptoms. The current study was designed to examine associations between GNC, minority stress, and psychological distress among SMAs. Method: SMAs ages 12-17 years (n = 455; mean age = 15.52 years) in the United States completed a cross-sectional online survey from February to July 2022, including measures of GNC, peer victimization, family rejection, negative expectations, negative disclosure experiences, internalized homonegativity, and psychological distress. We conducted path analysis to examine associations between GNC, minority stressors, and psychological distress, including indirect effects of GNC on psychological distress via minority stress. Results: In multivariable path analysis adjusted for demographic characteristics, GNC was associated with higher levels of peer victimization and negative expectations and lower internalized homonegativity among SMAs. Higher levels of peer victimization and negative expectations were associated with higher psychological distress. GNC was indirectly related to higher levels of psychological distress via higher peer victimization. Conclusions: The current study is the first to document associations between GNC and multiple minority stress experiences among SMAs, and GNC was indirectly related to psychological distress among SMAs via peer victimization. Although all SMAs would benefit from interventions designed to reduce peer victimization and increase their capacity to cope with minority stress, such interventions may be particularly beneficial for SMAs who are gender nonconforming.

An Evaluation of Resilience as a Protective Factor for Mental Health Among Sexual and Gender Minority Young People.

Purpose: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals often face minority stressors that negatively affect their mental health, making it important to identify protective factors against the adverse psychological effects of minority stress. We investigated the potential protective effect of trait resilience in SGM individuals assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB), who are understudied despite being at particularly high risk for mental health problems. Methods: As part of an ongoing longitudinal cohort study, 452 SGM-AFAB young people (age 16-31 years) completed measures of resilience, minority stressors (victimization, microaggressions, internalized heterosexism, and cisgenderism), and mental health (depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation) in 2017-2018. Moderating effects of resilience on associations between the minority stressors and mental health outcomes were tested using regression analyses. Results: Resilience attenuated the positive associations of microaggressions with both depression and anxiety and of internalized cisgenderism with depression (in transgender and gender-diverse participants), suggesting protective effects. Resilience did not moderate any other associations. Conclusion: These findings suggest that resilience serves as a protective factor against depressive and anxiety symptoms following experiences of microaggressions and against depressive symptoms following internalized cisgenderism among diverse SGM-AFAB individuals. These results underscore the importance of identifying factors that bolster resilience and developing intervention strategies aimed at promoting resilience within SGM-AFAB individuals, especially following experiences of microaggressions and internalized cisgenderism.