Members Of Minority Communities Research Articles

Taking sides in conflict and the question of antisemitism in Scottish football

ABSTRACT This study considers the flying of Palestinian flags by Celtic Football Club supporters in Scotland as an illustration of political activism in sport. Despite being over 4000 kilometres away and holding no ethnic, national or religious connections with any community involved in the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle-East, fans wave these flags to demonstrate backing for Palestinian people. With reference to an historical context of the ethno-religious origins of Celtic FC and its supporting fanbase being significantly composed of members of a multi-generational Irish-Catholic diasporic minority community in Scotland, through utilizing fan writings, self-representations, and the results of a small survey of supporters, this research provides for deeper understanding of the intermittent use of sport as a space for ‘taking sides’ in conflicts that have ethnic, national, religious, and political resonances. Critically, this insight also offers important reflections regarding narratives of antisemitism in football and beyond.

Leading in a Time of Crisis: The Coronavirus Effect on Leadership in America

In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented global health emergency, the study explores the vulnerabilities and challenges faced by leadership. The crisis, exemplified by issues such as the misinformation around Omicron Boosters in rural America, has brought to light the complex interplay between leadership, public health initiatives, and societal dynamics. This scenario underscores the study's aim: to analyze and understand the specific attributes, styles, and communication strategies that define effective crisis leadership within the American context. Adopting a quantitative research methodology, the study conducted a survey with 521 respondents, encompassing a diverse cross-section of American society, including members of minority communities, volunteers, students, healthcare workers, business owners, and residents of areas significantly impacted by the pandemic. The survey, focused on collecting data through a structured questionnaire, to assess the interplay between the independent variables (transparency, empathy, stakeholder engagement, context-sensitive leadership style, adaptable leadership styles, targeted communication, and culturally sensitive communication strategies) and the dependent variables (success of crisis leadership and improved crisis management), using Likert scale questions. The data collected were used to test the hypothesis, using regression analysis. The findings reveal significant insights: transparency, empathy, and engagement with stakeholders are crucial for successful crisis leadership; context-sensitive and adaptable leadership styles are more effective than rigid ones in diverse crisis scenarios; and targeted, culturally sensitive communication strategies significantly improve crisis management outcomes. These results underscore the multifaceted nature of crisis leadership and the importance of nuanced, adaptable approaches in times of uncertainty while the study agrees with the assertions of McGregor Burns (2004) and Kouzes and Posner (2023) on the leader’s competencies as key to successful leadership in moments of crisis, this study further reveals the vitality of stakeholders’ engagement and contributions in crisis leadership. Also, while the study’s findings align with those of Erickson (2021) on transparency in communication, the study further reveal that exhibiting empathy along with transparency is very essential in crisis leadership. Therefore, the study recommends developing leadership qualities that emphasize transparency, empathy, and stakeholder engagement, and enhancing adaptability in leadership styles. Additionally, it highlights the need for culturally sensitive communication strategies, tailored to diverse audiences.

Development and implementation of sexual and gender minority curriculum for advanced practice nursing: A feasibility study.

To explore the feasibility of development and implementation of an educational intervention addressing sexual and gender minority healthcare issues; examine recruitment processes and instrument appropriateness. Non-randomized feasibility study. The educational intervention was developed and implemented in family nurse practitioner courses with data collection from August through December 2022. Clinical preparedness, attitudinal awareness and basic knowledge were measured using the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Development of Clinical Skills Scale. Development and implementation of the intervention was feasible but will require amendment before progressing to the pilot study. Clinical preparedness and basic knowledge increased post-intervention, but attitudinal awareness did not improve. Recruitment did not achieve the desired sample size. Instrument internal consistency reliability was confirmed. Feasibility was established but will require amendment prior to the pilot study. To prepare nurses and nurse practitioners to care for sexual and gender minority patients. This study addressed the feasibility of developing and implementing a sexual and gender minority healthcare education using an e-Learning platform. Findings confirm that the intervention was feasible but will require amendment. The intervention increased knowledge and clinical preparedness in caring for this population, but recruitment was challenging. This research will impact nurses, nurse practitioners and nurse educators. The authors adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guideline extension for reporting randomized and feasibility guidelines were used. Sexual and gender minority community members contributed to the intervention development. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER CONTRIBUTE TO THE WIDER GLOBAL CLINICAL COMMUNITY?: The feasibility of using interactive e-learning educational resources to provide sexual and gender minority healthcare curriculum. Evidence to support the use of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Development of Clinical Skills Scale to measure learning outcomes. This study was not prospectively registered because it was an educational intervention involving graduate student nurses and did not assess clinical outcomes of patients.

A mixed methods PAR study investigating social capital as a resource for Black and other racially minoritised communities in the UK: A study protocol.

Understanding how different Black and other racially minoritised communities thrive is an emerging priority area in mental health promotion. Literature demonstrates health benefits of social capital (social resources embedded within social networks). However, its effects are not always positive, particularly for certain subpopulations who are already disadvantaged.The CONtributions of social NEtworks to Community Thriving (CONNECT) study will use Participatory Action Research (PAR) to investigate social capital as a resource that benefits (or hinders) racially minoritised communities and their mental health. The CONNECT study was designed within a partnership with community organisations and responds to local policy in two South-East London Boroughs, thereby providing potential channels for the action component of PAR. Taking an anti-racism lens, we acknowledge the underpinning role of racism in creating health inequities. We apply an intersectional framework to be considerate of overlapping forms of oppression such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation as an essential part of developing effective strategies to tackle health inequities. Key components of this mixed methods PAR study include (1) involving racialised minority community members as peer researchers in the team (2) collecting and analysing primary qualitative data via interviews, photovoice, and community mapping workshops, (3) developing relevant research questions guided by peer researchers and collaborating organisations and analysing secondary quantitative data accordingly, (4) integrating qualitative and quantitative phases, and (5) working closely with community and policy partners to act on our findings and use our research for social change.The PAR approach will allow us to engage community (voluntary sector and government) and academic partners in decision making and help address imbalances in power and resource allocation. Knowledge generated through this collaborative approach will contribute to existing community initiatives, policies, and council strategies. This will ensure the views and experiences of racially minoritised communities drive the changes we are collaboratively committed to achieving.

Abstract A079: Implementation of the FOREST cancer risk study at an HBCU: The family history and cancer risk study at Meharry Medical College

Abstract PURPOSE: Family Health History (FHH) is a key factor in assessing cancer risk, yet health providers often do not have adequate time or resources to collect FHH systematically. African Americans and other medically underserved populations suffer significantly higher cancer incidence and mortality. These populations would benefit if their cancer risk were better defined. The Family History and Cancer Risk Study (FOREST) aims to implement a patient-facing web-based FHH cancer risk assessment platform called MeTree in a clinic with a high percentage of underserved patients at Meharry Medical College (MMC) and a cohort at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. METHODS: Partnering with the MMC Community Engagement Core (CEC), we conducted two virtual studios with 12 Nashville minority community members. Topics of concern were medical data privacy, potential benefits, and proper informed consent. CEC recommendations informed our pre-implementation planning. Recruitment methods consisted of a staffed table outside of and, later, presence inside the MMC Family & Community Med. Clinic waiting room. Patients could also request assistance to navigate MeTree with the study research coordinator (in person or virtually). RESULTS: Since October 2022, 76 potential participants have been invited to FOREST from MMC. 26 patients were interested, 18 were eligible, 16 patients consented, and 12 patients completed the MeTree FHH. Of note, 6 patients utilized in-person assistance from the research study coordinator. Overall, 2 of the 12 patients who completed MeTree were determined to be at high-risk for cancer. CONCLUSION: We observed a 30% enrollment rate and 43% completion rate. Also, 6 of 26 patients requested and received assistance. In-person recruitment had the highest volume of potential enrollments (16 interested), yet lower completion rates (5/16 = 31%) compared to the pamphlet QR code (5 interested with 3/5 completing = 60%). We realize that these numbers are not large enough to show statistical significance at this early stage, and we plan to implement FOREST in a higher volume clinic (Internal Medicine at Nashville General Hospital) to determine if this trend scales. Citation Format: Clasherrol Edwards, Dana R. Marshall, Leah Alexander, Justin D. Andujar, S.T. Bland, Jillian Duke, Sarah Jones, Jeffrey Leegon, Kate F. Mittendorf, Lori A. Orlando, Georgia L. Wiesner, Siddharth Pratap. Implementation of the FOREST cancer risk study at an HBCU: The family history and cancer risk study at Meharry Medical College [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A079.

Should we embrace “Big Sister”? Smart speakers as a means to combat intimate partner violence

It is estimated that one in three women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) across the course of their life. The popular uptake of “smart speakers” powered by sophisticated AI means that surveillance of the domestic environment is increasingly possible. Correspondingly, there are various proposals to use smart speakers to detect or report IPV. In this paper, we clarify what might be possible when it comes to combatting IPV using existing or near-term technology and also begin the project of evaluating this project both ethically and politically. We argue that the ethical landscape looks different depending on whether one is considering the decision to develop the technology or the decision to use it once it has been developed. If activists and governments wish to avoid the privatisation of responses to IPV, ubiquitous surveillance of domestic spaces, increasing the risk posed to members of minority communities by police responses to IPV, and the danger that more powerful smart speakers will be co-opted by men to control and abuse women, then they should resist the development of this technology rather than wait until these systems are developed. If it is judged that the moral urgency of IPV justifies exploring what might be possible by developing this technology, even in the face of these risks, then it will be imperative that victim-survivors from a range of demographics, as well as government and non-government stakeholders, are engaged in shaping this technology and the legislation and policies needed to regulate it.

Viewing place: Australian queer screen audiences born in the 1970s and 1980s

This article investigates how viewers born in the 1970s and 1980s recall Australian film and television LGBTQ+ themes, characters and narratives they viewed while they were growing up. Aspects of place and space were centred in these accounts, from memories of watching a shared television in the domestic family setting to the physical artefact of the video tape. Participants emphasised the theme of mobility toward the city and a rural/urban distinction in the film and television they discussed, and the role of city contexts in providing better access to screen media that represented LGBTQ+ lives – for example, through access to independent cinemas. These memorial accounts were considered formative and often provided the framework by which participants perceive and navigate everyday life as members of minority communities. At the same time, these place-bound accounts of encounters with LGBTQ+ screen texts expressed a complex attachment to domestic spaces, tangible objects and narratives of mobility.

Sexual orientation and gender identity inequities in cervical cancer screening by race and ethnicity.

In the United States, inequities in preventive health behaviors such as cervical cancer screening have been documented. Sexual orientation, gender identity, and race/ethnicity all individually contribute to such disparities. However, little work has investigated their joint impact on screening behavior. Using sampling weighted data from the 2016 and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we assessed differences in two metrics via chi-square statistics: 1) lifetime uptake, and 2) up-to-date cervical cancer screening by sexual orientation and gender identity, within and across racial/ethnic classifications. Within all races, individuals who identify as members of sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities reported higher rates of never being screened (except for Black transgender men) than straight or cisgender individuals (p < 0.0001). [*START*Across all races, the Asian/Pacific Islander transgender population (32.4%; weighted n (w.n.) = 1,313) had the lowest proportion of lifetime screening, followed by the Asian/Pacific Islander gay/lesbian (53.0%, w.n. = 21,771), Hispanic transgender (58.7%; w.n. = 24,780), Asian/Pacific Islander bisexual (61.8%, w.n. = 54,524), and Hispanic gay/lesbian (69.6%, w.n. = 125,781) populations. *END*]Straight or cisgender Non-Hispanic White (w.n. = 40,664,476) individuals had the highest proportion of lifetime screening (97.7% and 97.5%, respectively). However, among individuals who had been screened at least once in their lifetime, identifying as SGM was not associated with a decreased proportion of up-to-date screening within or between races. Due to small sample sizes, especially among Asian/Pacific Islander and Hispanic populations, confidence intervals were wide. Heterogeneity in screening participation by SGM status within and across racial/ethnic groups were observed. These screening disparities reveal the need to disaggregate data to account for intersecting identities and for studies with larger sample sizes to increase estimate reliability.

Examining the predictors of the public’s trust in the police using local data

ABSTRACT Assessing public attitudes toward the police is a mainstay of policing research because of the importance of police-community relations for the betterment of society. To have a better understanding of the antecedents of public trust in the police, we analyze data from residents of the Hampton Roads region of Southeast Virginia. Our findings indicate that older respondents, those who believe that the police treat racial and ethnic minorities equally as they do whites, and those who believe that the police protect people from crime expressed higher levels of trust in the police. Conversely, males, Blacks, and those who earned $50,000 or less expressed lower levels of trust in the police. To our surprise, we found that protection from crime appeared to matter more for community members than the police’s treatment of racial and ethnic minorities as far as trust in the police was concerned. This means that police effectiveness remains a crucial component of policing, even if the way the police treat minority community members is also very important for improving police-community relations. We point out the implications of our findings for police-community relations, public policy, and future research.

Zelena kriminologija i kontrola kriminaliteta

Zelena kriminologija i kontrola kriminaliteta

Rural Research Network to engage rural and minority community members in translational research

Rural Research Network to engage rural and minority community members in translational research

Toward equitable coastal community resilience: Incorporating principles of equity and justice in coastal hazard adaptation

Abstract To meet the challenges of hazards impacting coastal communities, demand is growing for more equitable coastal natural hazard adaptation and disaster mitigation approaches, supported by co-productive research partnerships. This review paper outlines contemporary advances in hazard adaptation and disaster mitigation with attention to how an equity and justice framework can address the uneven impacts of hazards on marginalized and underserved communities. Drawing upon the allied concepts of distributive, procedural, systemic, and recognitional equity and justice, we illustrate how these concepts form the basis for equitable coastal resilience. To demonstrate how equitable resilience can effectively advance contemporary adaptation and mitigation strategies, we present two vignettes where collaborative partnerships underscore how equitable coastal hazard planning and response practices complement these processes in coastal zones subject to large earthquakes and tsunamis. The first vignette focuses on disaster response and takes place in the Tohoku region of Japan, with diverse gender and sexual minority community members’ experiences of, and responses to, the 2011 Tohoku disasters. The second vignette centers on hazard planning and takes place on the U.S. Pacific Northwest coast along the Cascadia Subduction Zone to demonstrate how principles of distributive, procedural, systemic, and recognitional equity can inform the co-production of alternative coastal futures that prioritize equitable resilience. From this discussion, we suggest applying an equity lens to research processes, including alternative futures modeling frameworks, to ensure that the benefits of hazard adaptation and disaster mitigation strategies are equitably applied and shared.

BARRIERS TO VACCINE UPTAKE IDENTIFIED BY COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS FOR INSITUTIONALLY UNDERSERVED GROUPS

Abstract Through a competitive proposal process for a recent funding opportunity, 38 community based organizations submitted proposals that addressed vaccine hesitancy among adults who are members of racial or ethnic minority communities. Proposals were required to include discussion of barriers identified in the community of focus and evidence to support all assertions. Submissions ranged from single employee projects to large collaborative networks, and were submitted from all regions of the US, including both tribal and territorial areas, including more than 45 ethnic and language groups. Barriers were coded by two reviewers and six (6) primary themes were identified: access related to transportation, distance, or time; lack of culturally responsive materials or sensitivity of providers; structural issues such as poor data collection, historical inequity, mistrust, or systemic racism; messages coming from untrusted sources; misinformation or no information available; and differing cultural perspectives. The most commonly identified issues were related to mistrust, historical structural issues or fear and racism (n=23), and lack of access due to transportation, distance, or time (n=17). This group of proposals for funding represent a small cross-section of communities who continue to have significant pockets of unvaccinated persons. While it is possible to see themes for barriers that are encountered in increasing vaccination rates among adults, communities demonstrate extremely nuanced realities, filtered through a range of culturally and paradigmatically different ways of knowing. Success in public health initiatives requires intensive focus on the variance across these different perspectives and careful attention to appropriately focus outreach and messaging.

Distribution Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Their Bacterial Hosts in a Manure Lagoon of a Large-Scale Swine Finishing Facility.

The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that are present in livestock manures, which are discharged into the environment, is a severe threat to human and animal health. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene profiling and metagenomic analysis to characterize microbial community composition and antibiotic resistance in a manure storage lagoon from a large-scale swine finishing facility. Manure samples were collected at intervals of two years. Both the prokaryotic community and the resistome were dominated by the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. Metagenomic analysis of two samples revealed 726 and 641 ARGs classified into 59 and 46 AMR gene families. Besides multidrug efflux pumps, the predominating ARGs potentially encoded resistance to tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, aminoglycosides, peptide antibiotics, rifamycin, chloramphenicol, and beta-lactams. Genes from all predominant AMR gene families were found in both samples indicating overall long-term stability of the resistome. Antibiotic efflux pumps were the primary type of ARGs in the Proteobacteria, while antibiotic target alteration or protection was the main mechanism of resistance in the Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota and Bacteroidota. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAG) of four multidrug-resistant strains were assembled. The first MAG, assigned to Escherichia flexneri, contained 46 ARGs, including multidrug efflux pumps, modified porins, beta-lactamases, and genes conferring resistance to peptide antibiotics. The second MAG, assigned to the family Alcaligenaceae, contained 18 ARGs encoding resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and diaminopyrimidins. Two other MAGs representing the genera Atopostipes and Prevotella, contained four and seven ARGs, respectively. All these MAGs represented minor community members and accounted for less than 0.3% of the whole metagenome. Overall, a few lineages originated from the gut but relatively rare in the manure storage lagoon, are the main source of ARGs and some of them carry multiple resistance determinants.

Perceptions of Radiation Therapy amongst Black Female Breast Cancer Survivors in Urban Communities

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Perceptions of cancer care are impacted by many factors and differ among individuals. Patients generally want consistent support, effective communication, accessible treatments, and information to manage physical, emotional, and psychosocial needs. Black/African American cancer survivors have expressed concerns about providers ignoring the social and financial implications of cancer care and neglecting to address the generations of mistrust between minority communities and the healthcare system. There is limited information about these perceptions as they relate specifically to radiation therapy which we aim to address with this study. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> Female breast cancer survivors identifying as Black/African American within the metropolitan Milwaukee area were eligible to participate in a semi-structured interview guided by a demographic questionnaire, a life narrative account, and a residential history. Participants were purposively sampled by neighborhood racial and ethnic composition (majority Black, minority Black, and racially diverse communities) to ensure a diversity of experiences. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a codebook developed and refined based on a conceptual model. Individuals worked in assigned pairs to open code each transcript. Data coded as "clinical presentation" or "treatment/healthcare" were pulled and reviewed for discussion of radiation therapy. Within these codes, further thematic analysis was performed to breakdown perceptions of this treatment modality. <h3>Results</h3> Fifty Black women were interviewed, 25 from majority, 7 from diverse, and 18 from minority communities. In discussing radiation therapy, six key themes emerged: emotional reactions, logistics of daily treatment, social barriers, side effects, general positive experiences, and general negative experiences. Emotional reactions included feelings of fear, anger, and being overwhelmed. Social barriers related to family obligations, transportation, distance from a treatment center, and racism. Commonly discussed side effects included fatigue, dermatitis, impacts on reconstruction, and long-term cardiotoxicity. Women living in majority Black communities were more likely to discuss side effects and general positive experiences while other themes were more equally explored by majority, minority, and diverse community members alike. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Black women have diverse and varied perspectives of radiation therapy during breast cancer treatment. Anticipated themes surrounding logistics, side effects, and overall emotions of treatment were observed. Unique to their experiences, Black women have faced racism and an increased burden of social barriers during their treatment. Further studies exploring the perspectives of Black female cancer survivors are needed to optimize quality of care and outcomes.

The Rise and Fall of Greater Syria: A Political History of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party

In the 1940s and 1950s, it was common among ʿAlawi high school students in Lataqiya to ask one another “shu dinak” (what is your religion, or creed?), by which they meant “are you a member or supporter of the Baʿath of the SSNP [Syrian Social Nationalist Party]?” These were two radical but different parties. The Baʿath was a Pan-Arab nationalist party combining a doctrine of secular Arab nationalism with a belief in social democracy. The SSNP expounded a doctrine of secular Syrian territorial nationalism rejecting Arab Nationalism and a separate existence of Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan, which were instead to be united in a large Syrian state. Both ideologies were attractive to members of minority communities in Syria and Lebanon who were uncomfortable with the Sunni tinctures of classical Arab Nationalism. The dividing line ran sometimes within families. Thus, Ghassan Jadeed was a prominent officer in the Syrian army, a member of the SSNP, who was assassinated by emissaries of Syria’s military intelligence in Beirut in 1955. His brother, Sallah Jadeed, was a prominent member of the Baʿath Party, who became one of the principal leaders of the Baʿath regime in Syria after the coup of March 8, 1963.The SSNP was one of the most interesting political movements to emerge in the Fertile Crescent during the first half of the twentieth century. It was founded by Antuna Saʿadeh, a Greek Orthodox Lebanese, who returned from Brazil and became active in the political and intellectual circles of Beirut in the 1940s. Saʿadeh was influenced by the right-wing and fascist movements in Europe, as were other politicians and movements in the region (the name Phalange given by Pierre Jumayyel to his party was clearly reflective of the trend). According to Saʿadeh, there was and there had been a national entity called Greater Syria composed of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Palestine. This entity had existed for many centuries but was brutally divided by the colonial powers into four “artificial states.” The purpose of the movement was to abolish this artificial division and to establish Greater Syria. Saʿadeh’s specific opposition to the Lebanese state reflected the Greek Orthodox’s opposition to the Maronite-Catholic hegemony in Lebanon. He actively sought to topple the dominant order in Lebanon, staged a failed coup, escaped to Syria, was extradited to Lebanon, and executed in 1949. His disciples continued their activity in Lebanese politics, staging another failed coup in 1961, but the brunt of their activity shifted to Syria, where, in the 1950s, they fought against rising tide of Arab Nationalism and Soviet influence.It was an ironic twist of fate that when the Baʿath finally came to power in Syria, particularly after the establishment of Hafez al-Asad’s regime in 1970, that the SSNP in Syria, a minor party by that time, was tolerated by the regime and came to support it. This was facilitated by personal relationships and by Hafez al-Asad’s quest to establish Syria’s hegemony over Lebanon and the Palestinians. The Baʿath that had been the most distinctive Pan-Arab political movement and played a key role in establishing Syria’s union with Egypt (1958–61), ended up after 1963 as the champion of Syria’s separate existence, and then as a regional power, exercising influence over its weaker neighbors. Members of the SSNP could argue that Hafez al-Asad was in fact implementing Antun Saʿadeh’s legacy.Carl Yonker’s book, based on his doctoral dissertation at Tel Aviv University, describes and analyzes the SSNP’s history and its remarkable journey during several decades. He does it well. The one comment to be made is that the contemporary part of the book dealing with current events should have been extended.

Integrating mental health and substance use treatment with HIV care for people experiencing homelessness

Homelessness is common in high-income and middle-income countries, with an estimated 580 000 people in the USA experiencing homelessness on any given night. 1 Henry M de Sousa T Roddey C Gayen S Bednar TJ The 2020 annual homeless assessment report (AHAR) to congress: part 1. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2020-AHAR-Part-1.pdfDate: January, 2021 Date accessed: May 24, 2022 Google Scholar People living with HIV have an increased risk of experiencing homelessness: from 2009 to 2015, 8·3% of people living with HIV in the USA reported an episode of homelessness in the previous year, compared with 0·2% of the general population annually. 2 Padilla M Frazier EL Carree T Shouse RL Fagan J Mental health, substance use and HIV risk behaviors among HIV-positive adults who experienced homelessness in the United States—Medical Monitoring Project, 2009–2015. AIDS Care. 2020; 32: 594-599 Crossref PubMed Scopus (12) Google Scholar This overrepresentation is due to many factors; for example, people living with HIV—particularly those with multiple marginalised identities—face discrimination in housing and employment markets, and both HIV infection and homelessness share common risk factors. People who use drugs, those living with mental health problems, and members of ethnic, racial, gender, and sexual minority communities have an increased risk of both HIV and homelessness. 3 Folsom DP Hawthorne W Lindamer L et al. Prevalence and risk factors for homelessness and utilization of mental health services among 10,340 patients with serious mental illness in a large public mental health system. Am J Psychiatry. 2005; 162: 370-376 Crossref PubMed Scopus (388) Google Scholar , 4 US Centers for Disease Control and PreventionHIV in the United States and dependent areas. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/ataglance.htmlDate: 2021 Date accessed: May 24, 2022 Google Scholar The underlying drivers of homelessness are structural, including the scarcity of affordable housing, income inequality, and racism. However, individual factors such as mental health and substance use problems are common precipitants, because people with these conditions face barriers to income and housing. Moreover, homelessness increases the severity of these conditions and decreases access to treatments. 5 Gutwinski S Schreiter S Deutscher K Fazel S The prevalence of mental disorders among homeless people in high-income countries: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis. PLoS Med. 2021; 18e1003750 Crossref PubMed Scopus (22) Google Scholar Integrating HIV and substance misuse services: a person-centred approach grounded in human rightsIntegrating HIV-related care with treatment for substance use disorder provides an opportunity to better meet the needs of people living with these conditions. People with substance use disorder are rendered especially vulnerable by prevailing policies, structural inequalities, and stigmatisation. In this Series paper we analyse existing literature and empirical evidence from scoping reviews on integration designs for the treatment of HIV and substance use disorder, to understand barriers to and facilitators of care integration and to map ways forward. Full-Text PDF

Abstract PO-161: A community-based liver cancer education initiative led to healthier dietary and alcohol use behaviors among racial/ethnic minority community members

Abstract Background: There is an increasing body of literature that suggests a relationship between modifiable dietary behaviors and alcohol use and liver cancer. We designed and implemented a culturally tailored community-based education program to promote liver cancer prevention. Methods: Through NCI funded U54 TUFCCC/HC Cancer Partnership Community Outreach Core program, using CBPR approach, we engaged community-based organizations and community stakeholders serving underserved African, Asian, and Hispanic American communities in the Philadelphia metropolitan area and New York City. The community-based education incorporated in-person and virtual hybrid education workshops to address COVID-19 pandemic barriers. We conducted pre-education surveys and follow-up assessments at 6 months post-education. Participants' dietary behaviors, alcohol use, and sociodemographic characteristics were examined at both time points. Results: 526 participants were recruited including 92 African Americans, 247 Asian Americans, and 187 Hispanic Americans, with an average age of 59. We found that at 6-month follow-up assessment, participants had average decreased intake of red meat (3.148/6 vs. 2.685/6, p &amp;lt; 0.001), and average increased intake of vegetables (4.484/6 vs. 5.044/6, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and fruits (4.327/6 vs. 4.877/6, p &amp;lt; 0.001), compared to their intake at pre-education assessment. Additionally, average change in beer (-0.252) and spirit (-0.905) consumption substantively decreased from pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up assessment. Conclusion: This community-based education showed significant effects in improving healthy dietary behaviors and reducing alcohol intake among community members through CBPR community engagement from the two metropolitan areas. Future efforts are needed to sustain the positive changes in modifiable lifestyle behaviors and liver cancer prevention in these medically underserved communities. Citation Format: Tiffany Li, Wenyue Lu, Lin Zhu, Ellen Kim, Kerry Traub, Steven Zhu, Nathaly Rubio-Torio, Evelyn Gonzalez, Marilyn A. Fraser, Ming-Chin Yeh, Grace X. Ma, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi, Yin Tan. A community-based liver cancer education initiative led to healthier dietary and alcohol use behaviors among racial/ethnic minority community members [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-161.

Towards Culturally Sensitive Shared Decision-Making in Oncology A Study Protocol Integrating Bioethical Qualitative Research on Shared Decision-Making Among Ethnic Minorities With Ethical Reflection

Background Shared decision-making (SDM) is often considered the ideal for decision-making in oncology. Views of specific groups such as ethnic minorities have seldom been considered in its development. Aim In this study we seek to assess in oncology if there is a need for adaptation of the current SDM model to ethnic minorities and to formulate possible adjustments. Design This study is embedded in empirical bioethics, an interdisciplinary approach integrating empirical data with ethical reasoning to formulate normative conclusions regarding a practice. For the empirical social scientific part, a cross-sectional qualitative study will be conducted; for the ethical reflection the Reflective Equilibrium will be used to develop a coherent view on the application of SDM among ethnic minorities in oncology. Method Semi-structured interviews combined with visual methods (timelines and relational maps) will be held with healthcare professionals (HCPs), ethnic minority patients, and their relatives to identify values steering the behavior of these actors in SDM. In addition, focus groups (FGs) will be held with ethnic minority community members to identify value structures at the group level. Respondents will be recruited through organizations with access to ethnic minorities and collaborating hospitals. Data will be analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis through the lens of Schwartz’s value theory. The results of the empirical phase will be included in the RE to formulate possible adjustments of the SDM model, if needed. Discussion The integration of empirical data with ethical reflection is an innovative method in decision-making. This method enables a systematic and profound assessment of the need for adaptation of SDM and the formulation of theoretically and empirically based suggestions for adaptations of the model. Findings of this study may enrich the SDM model.

Marginalization and Negotiation of Boundaries: The Case of the Armenian Church in Iran

Abstract How do Armenians in Iran negotiate their space with the state and with their own communities? That is the central question of this paper, focusing on ways Archbishop Sebouh Sarkissian, the prelate of the Armenian Church in Iran, negotiates and explains boundaries with both the Iranian state and his community, from approximately 2000 to 2013: The state sets the structural framework for marginalized groups; yet minority groups, by responding to the framework and through negotiating boundaries, can influence and/or redefine the framework. In the same way, members of minority communities, through their responses to the set structures within the community, challenge and influence the framework. Moreover, the influences of globalisation and mobility have posed a greater challenge to the community’s own structures than to the state’s framework.