Minocycline Hydrochloride Ointment Research Articles

IL-6 Inhibitor Tocilizumab Reduces Bone Resorption Around Implants with Bacterial Infection During Osseointegration: A Pilot Study in Rabbits.

To evaluate the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor (tocilizumab) on bacterial infection-associated bone resorption around implants during osseointegration in rabbits. At total of 24 male, 9-monthold New Zealand white rabbits were included, and their two mandibular anterior teeth were extracted. Three months after extraction, 24 one-piece Dentium implants (Ø 2.5 mm, intraosseous length of 12 mm) were inserted in the anterior mandible, and the rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group). Different treatment methods were used in each group: blank control group (BC); only silk ligation (negative control [NC]); silk ligation and injection with minocycline hydrochloride ointment (positive control [PC]); and silk ligation and injection with tocilizumab at 8 mg/kg via the auricle vein (experimental [EP]). Eight weeks later, the animals were sacrificed, and samples were collected and then analyzed using microcomputed tomography (microCT) scanning, immunohistochemical analysis, and histologic analysis. From the microCT measurement, the ratio of the bone volume to the total volume (BV/TV) in the EP group was 67.00% ± 2.72%, which was higher than that in the other three groups (58.85% ± 2.43% in the BC group, 55.72% ± 2.48% in the PC group, and 36.52% ± 3.02% in the NC group). From immunohistochemical analysis, the expression of IL-6 was found to be higher in the NC group than in the BC, PC, and EP groups, but there was no statistical difference between these three groups. Furthermore, the RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand) expression was the lowest in the EP group, followed by the BC group, the PC group, and the NC group, which had the highest expression; there was no difference between the NC and PC groups. Upon histologic analysis, significant new bone was found on the implant surfaces in the EP group, sparse and less new bone could be seen in the BC and PC groups, and the most serious bone resorption occurred in the NC group. Tocilizumab, an inhibitor of IL-6, has a certain effect in preventing bone loss around implants caused by bacterial infection during the osseointegration period.

Minocycline hydrochloride ointment combined with Vitapex paste is effective for middle-aged and elderly patients with combined periodontal-endodontic lesions

Minocycline hydrochloride ointment combined with Vitapex paste is effective for middle-aged and elderly patients with combined periodontal-endodontic lesions

Efficacy of Minocycline Hydrochloride Ointment with Metronidazole in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis and its Impact on Periodontal Microecology

Efficacy of Minocycline Hydrochloride Ointment with Metronidazole in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis and its Impact on Periodontal Microecology

The efficacy of minocycline hydrochloride ointment versus iodoform gauze for alveolar osteitis: A prospective cohort study

BackgroundAlveolar osteitis (AO) is one of the most commonly encountered complication following tooth extraction, however, to date there is no standard methods of prevention and treatment. The study aims to investigate the efficiency of minocycline hydrochloride ointment (MHO) for the treatment of alveolar osteitis compared with traditional treatment with iodoform gauze (IG).Methods/designSTROBE checklist was followed to report this study. All patients underwent tooth extraction either in our department or other hospitals, whom presented with postoperative pain, were screened out to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study about AO. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in our prospective cohort study, and MHO or IG was administered. The Visual analog scale scores were used to assess the pain score of patients. The healing status of the extraction sockets was followed up. Differences in responses between groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Chi-square test was performed to explore the differences in the teeth position of AO.ResultsOf 41,371 patients underwent tooth extraction with post-operative follow-up in our departments, only 20 patients (0.05%) suffered from AO. 31 patients with AO, whose teeth were extracted in other places, were also enrolled. The incidence of AO was significantly higher in third molars than other teeth (P < 0.01). In 28 patients that were treated with MHO, the pain was relieved substantially on day 3 and almost painless on day 7. And only 25% of cases required dressing change more than once. Whilst 23 patients treated with IG, the pain was relieved on day 5, and 56.5% of cases required multiple dressing change. The difference between the two groups of VAS scores had statistical significance during treatment at 8 h, 24 h, 3d, 5d, and 7d. No allergic reaction or further infection occurred.ConclusionMHO has a safer and higher therapeutic effect in the treatment of AO compared with traditional treatment with IG. MHO may become a preferred treatment modality for AO.

Clinical Significance of Inflammatory Factors, Osteocalcin, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Drug Treatment of Severe Periodontitis.

Whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) indexes in patients with severe periodontitis affect the efficacy of drug treatment was a new direction of recent research. At present, there were few studies on the effects of inflammatory indicators, BGP, and MMP-8 levels in GCF on the efficacy of drug treatment in such patients. So the purpose of this study was to observe the changes in osteocalcin (BGP), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and inflammatory indexes levels in GCF of patients with severe periodontitis. The correlation between the above indexes and the effect of drug treatment in the patients was analyzed, in order to provide guidance for improving the clinical curative effect of severe periodontitis. A retrospective analysis was conducted to collect the baseline data of patients with severe periodontitis who were treated with Minocycline Hydrochloride Ointment in our hospital. The inflammatory indicators, BGP, and MMP-8 levels in GCF were analyzed before drug treatment, and the treatment effect on the patients was counted. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between BGP, MMP-8, and inflammatory indicators levels in GCF and the drug treatment effect on the patients. After statistical analysis, we found that the response rate was 69% and the inefficiency was 31%. There were no significant differences in C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels between the inefficacy group and efficacy group (P > 0.05). Compared with the efficacy group, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), BGP, and MMP-8 were increased in the inefficacy group. High levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, BGP, and MMP-8 were associated with ineffective drug treatment in patients with severe periodontitis (all OR >1 and P < 0.05). Levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, BGP, and MMP-8 predicted that the AUCs of drug treatment failure in patients with severe periodontitis were all greater than 0.7, which were 1.398, 1.458, 1.244, 1.012, and 1.012, respectively. From this, we can conclude that increased levels of BGP, MMP-8, and inflammatory indicators such as IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 in GCF would increase the risk of ineffective drug treatment in patients with severe periodontitis. The clinical treatment plan could be adjusted according to the levels of the above indicators in GCF to improve the effectiveness of drug treatment in patients.

Application analysis of minocycline hydrochloride ointment combined with tinidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Application analysis of minocycline hydrochloride ointment combined with tinidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Clinical Observation of Minocycline Hydrochloride Ointment in the Treatment of Initial Peri-implant Inflammation

To observe and analyze the therapeutic efficacy of minocycline hydrochloride ointment in the treatment of initial peri-implant inflammation, a total of 180 patients with initial peri-implant inflammation and treated at the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital were enrolled. The patients were divided into the control group and the research group, with 90 patients in each group. Of those, patients in the research group were applied with minocycline hydrochloride ointment, while 10 % of iodine was placed around the teeth in patients of the control group. The therapeutic outcome was observed and compared between these groups. Comparison of the plaque index of both groups after treatment indicated that the outcome of the research group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). The probing depth and sulcus bleeding index of the research group was significantly superior than that of the control group (P<0.05). Application of minocycline hydrochloride ointment in the treatment of initial peri-implant inflammation could significantly improve the therapeutic outcome.

Clinical efficacy of Nd:YAP laser in the treatment of acute wisdom tooth pericoronitis

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of Nd:YAP laser in the treatment of acute localized pericardial periodontitis. Methods A total of 120 patients with acute localized pericardial periodontitis were randomly divided into 3 groups, including Nd:YAP laser group, minocycline group and control group (iodine glycerol group). All patients were underwent pretreatment of intracrevicular washing with 3.0% hydrogen peroxide and normal saline alternately. After the pretreatment, the patients in the Nd:YAP laser group were given 3 min local Nb:YAP laser irradiation (1 time/d for 3 times), in the minocycline group were injected with minocycline hydrochloride ointment (1 time), and in the control group were treated with 2% iodine glycerol (1 time/d for 4 times) in gingival sulcus. One day after the treatment, the gingival index (GI), pain visual score (VAS), and opening degree of all patients were recorded, and the therapeutic effect was observed 5 days after the treatment. Results Compared with the minocycline group and the control group (iodine glycerol group), the GI value and VAS value of the Nd:YAP laser group decreased and the openmouthed size increased (all P 0.05). Conclusions The Nd:YAP laser treatment inacute wisdom tooth pericoronitis can significantly reduce pain and improve openmouthed size, and has a good clinical efficacy. Key words: Nd:YAG laser; Minocycline hydrochloride ointment; Wisdom tooth pericoronitis

Curative effect of point tongue pill combined with minocycline hydrochloride ointment in the treatment of periodontal abscess

Objective To observe the curative effect of point tongue pill combined with minocycline hydrochloride ointment in the treatment of periodontal abscess. Methods From March 2017 to April 2018, 70 cases of periodontal abscess in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chaoyang District of Beijing were selected and randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 35 cases in each group.Control group: local treatment of periodontal scaling, curettage, periodontal pockets at the bottom of minocycline hydrochloride ointment, half an hour of fasting water, light diet.Treatment group: on the basis of the control group, the tongue point pills were given for 1 week.The curative effect was evaluated at the third, seventh day after scaling and curettage.The diagnostic criteria of efficacy were PD, BOP, degree of pain and the size of abscesses. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the PD, BOP, pain and abscess size between the two groups before treatment (all P>0.05). At the third day after treatment, 15 cases were healed(42.9%), 12 cases were effective (34.3%) and 8 cases were ineffective(22.9%) in the treatment group.In the control group, 12 cases were cured(34.3%), 13 cases were effective (37.1%) and invalid in 10 cases(28.6%), and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (Z=0.757, P=0.449). At the seventh day after treatment, 26 cases were cured(74.3%), 7 cases were effective (20.0%) and 2 cases were invalid (5.7%) in the treatment group, and 18 cases were cured (51.4%), 11 cases were effective (31.4%) and 6 cases were invalid (17.1%) in the control group.The difference was statistically significant (Z=2.058, P=0.040). Conclusion The curative effect of point tongue pill combined with minocycline hydrochloride ointment in the treatment of periodontal abscess is better than traditional western medicine. Key words: Periodontal abscess; Point tongue pill; Minocycline hydrochloride ointment; Comparative effectiveness research

Treatment of severe periodontic-endodontic combined lesions with minocycline hydrochloride ointment combined with mineral trioxide aggregate.

Periodontic-endodontic combined lesions affect the quality of life of patients. The present study aimed to explore a way to achieve maximal effect in treating periodontic-endodontic combined lesions by using a combination of minocycline hydrochloride ointment (MHO) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). In the present study, 294 patients were randomly divided into four groups: Control group, MHO group, MTA group and combination group. Endodontic and periodontic therapy was applied simultaneously on the anterior and posterior teeth of patients, and patient characteristics, gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) were noted when the patients were treated with the different strategies. Reexamination was performed 4 weeks after treatment and follow-up was performed 2 years later. The present study demonstrated that medical history, root filling and periapical condition within the patients were deemed as key factors in determining the success of treatment of periodontic-endodontic combined lesions. The effect of the combination treatment significantly exceeded that of either treatment alone (P<0.05). In addition, the teeth were significantly improved for patients with pathological types I, II and III in the combination group compared with either treatment group alone (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with the MTA and MHO groups alone, the combination group demonstrated a significant decrease in PD and GI in severe periodontic-endodontic combined lesions. In conclusion, the present findings implied that combination treatment is significantly superior to single treatments applied to patients with severe periodontic-endodontic combined lesions.

Effectiveness of an erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminum and garnet laser for treatment of peri-implant disease: Clinical, microbiological, and biochemical marker analyses.

BackgroundThe effectiveness of an erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminum and garnet (Er: YAG) laser (EYL) for the treatment of peri-implant disease (PID) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare non-surgical EYL therapy for PID with locally delivered minocycline hydrochloride (MC) ointment therapy by evaluating clinical, microbiological, and biochemical markers.Material and MethodsThirty-seven patients with PID were randomly assigned to either the EYL group (n = 18) or the MC group (n = 19). The clinical, microbiological, and biochemical markers at baseline and at 1 and 3 months after treatment were compared between the two groups. Subgingival plaque and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were collected from the diseased pockets.ResultsIn the EYL group, probing pocket depth (PPD) was significantly decreased after treatment when compared with baseline. On the other hand, in the MC group, there was no significant decrease in PPD after treatment. Specific bacteria associated with PID were not determined. The counts of both Gram-positive and -negative species did not significantly decrease in the EYL group at 3 months after treatment. In the MC group, the counts of almost all bacterial species were significantly decreased after treatment. Biochemical marker analysis of PICF revealed significantly lower levels of metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the EYL group, as compared with the MC group at 3 months after treatment (p= 0.009).ConclusionsNon-surgical therapy with an EYL for PID was clinically effective, with decreased MMP-9 levels in PICF, which may lead to reduced peri-implant tissue destruction. Key words:Er: YAG laser; peri-implant disease; biomarker; peri-implant crevicular fluid.

Effects of Topical Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Wound Healing After Flapless Implant Surgery: A Pilot Study.

The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the effects of local application of minocycline hydrochloride ointment (MHO) and erythromycin eye ointment (EEO) on wound healing after flapless implant surgery. Forty patients with flapless implant surgery were enrolled and assigned randomly to three groups: 1) MHO group (n = 17); 2) EEO group (n = 18); and 3) control group (n = 5). All of them took systemic antibiotics; the control group did not receive the application of topical antibiotics. Three days after the surgical operation, clinical parameters, peri-implant crevicular fluid volume, and crevicular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels of all patients were collected, measured, and analyzed. Clinical outcomes of the two treatment groups were superior to results of the control group, indicating the effectivity of local antibiotics application in promoting early wound healing after flapless implant surgery. There was no obviously different effect between EEO and MHO in the early stages of healing. In addition, there were significant correlations between LPS level and all clinical parameters. The local application of antibiotics along with the systemic antibiotics could reduce the inflammatory response in wound healing after implant surgery. The EEO and MHO were equally effective in early wound healing. Compared to the MHO, the EEO has advantages of higher cost efficiency and convenience. Therefore, it is recommended to use the EEO in topical antibiotic prophylaxis for wound healing after flapless implant surgery.

Minocycline Ointment as a Local Drug Delivery in the Treatment of Generalized Chronic Periodontitis - A Clinical Study.

The primary goal in periodontal therapy includes removal of the etiological factors by mechanical periodontal treatment, which sometimes fail to eliminate the anaerobic infection at the base of the pocket and requires adjuvant chemical therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2% minocycline ointment when used as an adjunct to periodontal flap surgery and post-operative maintenance period for the treatment of generalized chronic periodontitis. The study included 30 subjects comprising of 60 posterior sextants in a split mouth design in which 30 sextants were treated as experimental and 30 sextants as control with a probing pocket depth≥6mm. In Group A (experimental group) 30 sextants were treated with open flap debridement followed by the application of minocycline ointment as a local drug delivery. In Group B (control group) 30 sextants were treated with open flap debridement alone. Minocycline hydrochloride ointment was applied on the 0 day and 3(rd) month. The clinical parameters such as plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and gingival bleeding index were recorded at 0 day, 3(rd) month and 6(th) month in both the groups. Paired and unpaired t-test were used to compare the means of the two groups. When Group A and Group B were compared, Group A showed significantly greater reduction in gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth and gain in clinical attachment level than Group B, from 0 day to 3 months and from 0 day to 6 months. Group A showed significant reduction in plaque index than Group B when they were compared at 6 months. The results demonstrate that there was significant reduction in the clinical parameters with improvement in the periodontal status on application of minocycline ointment as an adjunct to periodontal flap surgery in generalized chronic periodontitis.

Effect of minocycline hydrochloride ointment on cell attachment and proliferation on titanium disks

To investigate the effect of minocycline hydrochloride ointment on cell attachment and proliferation on titanium disks. Commercially pure (grade 4) machined titanium discs with three different kinds of surfaces (smooth, acid-etched and sandblasted combined with acid-etched) were treated with minocycline ointment for 1 week, and then cleaned in ultrasonic cleanser for 10 minutes. Surface properties were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and roughness tester before and after the treatment. Surface roughness was compared by paired t test. MG-63 (human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell) cells were seeded on these three kinds of discs with or without minocycline treatment, and methl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was performed to investigate the attachment in the 1st day and proliferation in the 4th and 7th day. Data were analyzed by double factor analysis of variance. Surface roughness before and after minocycline application was as follows, Smooth: (0.093 ± 0.025) µm, (0.086 ± 0.026) µm; Acid-etched: (1.100 ± 0.095) µm, (1.009 ± 0.196) µm; Sandblasted combined with acid-etched: (2.837 ± 0.283) µm, (2.968 ± 0.206) µm. No significant changes in roughness were found before and after minocycline application (P values were 0.118, 0.436 and 0.692). SEM examination revealed as similar surface configuration after minocycline application as before, except for some remnant of the minocycline ointment in acid-etched and sandblasted combined acid-etched groups. In MTT test, the growth of MG-63 cells in the 1 st, 4th day and 7th day was not different between groups with and without minocycline application (P values were 0.450, 0.848 and 0.835), and among three groups of different surface (P values were 0.184, 0.579 and 0.331). Minocycline hydrochloride ointment did not affect the surface configuration, surface roughness or the properties for cell attachment and proliferation of titanium discs.

Microbial changes in patients with acute periodontal abscess after treatment detected by PadoTest

To investigate changes in bacterial counts in subgingival plaque from patients with acute periodontal abscess by IAI-PadoTest. Ninety-one patients were randomly allocated to either test or control groups. In all the patients, pockets with acute periodontal abscess were irrigated with sterilized physiological saline, and in the test group, 2% minocycline hydrochloride ointment was applied once into the pocket in addition. Subgingival plaque samples were collected by paper point before treatment and 7 days after treatment. The total bacterial count was determined and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, were detected using IAI-PadoTest, a DNA/RNA probe method. The total bacterial count decreased in both groups, with a significant decrease in the test group. The counts and number of sites positive for P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola significantly decreased in the test group after treatment, compared with those in the control group. Pocket depth decreased in the both groups, with a statistically significant decrease in the test group. Topical treatment with minocycline in pockets with acute periodontal abscess was effective in reducing the bacterial counts as shown by the microbiological investigation using PadoTest 4.5.

Novel chitosan wound dressing loaded with minocycline for the treatment of severe burn wounds

Novel wound dressings composed of chitosan (CH) film and minocycline hydrochloride (MH) were prepared using commercial polyurethane film (Tegaderm) as a backing. CHs with deacetylation degrees of 67%, 83% and 96% (mol/mol), named CH67, CH83 and CH96, respectively, were used. Wound dressing with a large piece of Tegaderm film (4 cm × 4 cm), named CH-MH-N, and wound dressing prepared by cutting CH-MH-N to the wound size, named CH-MH-A, were developed. As CH67-MH-N and CH83-MH-N showed the sustained release of minocycline in vitro, CH67 and CH83 were used as chitosan in the in vivo studies. Various formulations were applied to severe burn wounds in rats in the early stage, and the wound status and change in the wound surface area were examined. The use of 10 mg of MH and complete sealing with Tegaderm had a negative effect. MH ointment was not effective, but Geben cream was fairly effective. However, CH83-MH-A containing 2 mg of MH (CH83-MH2-A) and CH83 film showed an excellent effect. Considering the elimination of pus, CH83-MH2-A tended to be better than CH83 film. CH83-MH2-A is suggested as a useful formulation for the treatment of severe burn wounds.

Modification of the Physicochemical Properties of Minocycline Hydrochloride Ointment with Cyclodextrines for Optimum Treatment of Bedsore.

Modification to find the best physicochemical properties of minocycline hydrochloride ointment for optimum treatment of bedsore was investigated by coformulating various types of cyclodextrins (CyD) in the ointment base. It was found that the drug release rate from the ointment base was modified according to the preparation method of ointment base and the type of CyD admixed. The physicochemical properties, such as viscosity, elution volume, water absorption of ointment base were also modified by those factors. The mechanism of physicochemical modification with CyD was explained by the structural change of ointment base and the change of surface tension of emulsifying agent solution with the CyD. The stability of ointment was investigated by confirming the reproducibility of drug release rate after storage at ambient and cooled temperature conditions. In conclusion, a fused mixed ointment with beta-CyD was found to be preferable for treatment of bedsore, because of the improved drug release rate, lowered viscosity and increased elution volume of the resultant ointment.

Mixed base of hydrophilic ointment and purified lanolin to improve the drug release rate and absorption of water of minocycline hydrochloride ointment for treatment of bedsores.

A desired ointment bases for better treatment of bedsores was developed to improve the release rate of minocycline hydrochloride (MH) and the water absorption capacity using various types of hydrophobic to hydrophilic ointment base. The influence of purified lanolin (PL) on the release behavior of MH from hydrophilic ointment (HO) base was primarily focused on. It was found that the release rate of drug increased with increase in the hydrophilicity of the base. A linear correlation between the apparent release rate constant of drug from the HO and PL mixed ointment base at various combination ratios and the elution of ointment base was noted. The HO ointment base containing 30% PL had the highest apparent release rate constant of MH. The mixed ointment base with the lowest viscosity showed the highest absorption of water and elution of ointment base. In conclusion, it was found that HO (70%) and PL (30%) mixed ointment base was a promising candidate for better treatment of bedsores.