Minnesota Rate Of Manipulation Test Research Articles

Phase IIB Randomized Trial on the Use of 4-Aminopyridine in Guillain-Barré Syndrome

ObjectiveTo determine the safety and efficacy of orally delivered 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in persons with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) >6 months from initial diagnosis. DesignA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. SettingTertiary care clinical outpatient program. ParticipantsNineteen participants enrolled (14 male, 5 female; N=19), neurologic impairment secondary to GBS and functional loss on the FIM motor score (stable for ≥12mo) and >3.0 but <5.0 on the American Spinal Injury motor scale. Twelve participants (mean age, 59y; range, 23-77y) completed the study. InterventionsA 4-AP dose-escalation study with 8 weeks in each period with a 3-week washout period, followed by 3 months open-label follow-up. Main Outcome MeasuresFIM motor score was the primary outcome measure; also evaluated were the American Spinal Injury motor strength score (all limbs), handheld dynamometer, 6-minute walk test, Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, pain, GBS disability scale, Jepsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test and Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test, Get Up and Go Test, McGill Pain Inventory, Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique, and participant self-evaluation. ResultsSeven participants discontinued the study prematurely: 3 because of adverse events, 3 because of travel difficulties or relocation, and 1 because of pretreatment laboratory abnormalities. After removing 3 participants with maximum FIM scores, 4-AP arm trended superior to placebo (P=.065). Patients subjectively could always tell when they were on the active agent usually by tingling sensations or a sense of wellness. No statistically significant differences were found for other outcome measures although there were strong trends. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the safety of 4-AP in the patient population with GBS as the predominate goal of the study. A trend toward improved function after treatment was noted with most patients electing to stay on the medication after the trial.

Reference values of manual dexterity using Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test for Indian adults

Introduction Dexterity assessment is an integral component of hand function evaluation. The Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate manual dexterity and has been used to study prognosis of therapy. Information available on its reference values is limited. Reference values are required to interpret, set realistic treatment goals, and assess the ability to return to employment. Therefore, manual dexterity was studied in healthy Indian adults to generate reference values. Methods A descriptive study was conducted on 900 subjects divided into three groups: Group 1: 18–30 years ( n = 300): Group 2: 31–60 years (n = 300), and Group 3: ≥61 years ( n = 300). The Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test was used to evaluate manual dexterity. All subjects performed three trials (one practice + two test trials) of the five subtests. The average of two test trials was used to compute the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test score. Results The total score of the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test in Groups 1, 2, and 3 was 275.7 ± 24.1 s, 299.3 ± 31.9 s, and 357.4 ± 48.6 s, respectively. Manual dexterity was moderately associated with age ( r = 0.707, p &lt; 0.001); however, differences between males and females were nonsignificant ( p = 0.306). Conclusion Manual dexterity declined with advancing age; however, differences between genders were not significant. These reference values of manual hand dexterity for healthy adult Indian people will be relevant for clinical assessment of hand function.

A Device for Testing the Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Testing intrinsic function in the past has been primarily via coordination tests such as the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Tests, Purdue Pegboard Test, Valpar Work Sample, The Crawford, to name a few. Typically as therapists we will use exercise putty and various techniques in the clinic to strengthen these important functional muscles of the hand. However, measuring the strength of these muscles has been very limited and time-consuming. This author has devised an instrument to test the strength of these muscles. Although, there are studies that need to be done to test the validity of the piece of equipment, it would appear to have great use clinically and could possibly have significant potential in recording objective data for research purposes.

The skill components of a therapeutic chopsticks task and their relationship with hand function tests.

Chopsticks are the primary tools used for eating and the physical movements of control are familiar to Chinese people. Chopsticks are easy to obtain in most rehabilitative settings. Occupational therapists often guide patients to practice miscellaneous chopsticks tasks to increase hand function in any case. The objective of this study was to investigate the skill components of the therapeutic chopsticks task and their relationship with hand function tests, and to identify clinical value. Eighty normal subjects (41 males and 39 females) whose age ranged from 17 to 26 years old participated in this study. Five standard hand function tests including three dexterity tests [Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test (MRMT), Purdue Pegboard Test, and O'Connor Tweezer Dexterity Test (OTDT)], and two strength tests (Jamar Handgrip Test, and Pinchometer Test) were chosen to measure the dexterity and strength of hands. Additionally, the Test of Chopsticks Manipulation (TCM) was designed and used to assess the chopsticks manipulation skills. Subjects were tested with all the hand function tests and TCM in a random sequence. Results of six tests were obtained for each subject. Factor analysis showed that the skill components of TCM should be categorized into the "dexterity" component. In addition, a significant relationship (p < 0.05) was only seen between TCM and OTDT, there was no significant correlation between TCM and the other hand function tests. Findings in this study are valuable in setting the rehabilitation programs for patients with dexterity problems.

The Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test: Reliability, Validity and Reference Values Studies with Healthy Elderly People

Several dexterity tests have been developed, including the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test (MRMT) and a new version, the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT). The objectives of the study were: a) to verify the test-retest reliability of the MMDT; b) to compare the MRMT and the MMDT; c) to study the concurrent validity of the MMDT; and d) to establish reference values for elderly people with the MMDT. Two hundred and forty-seven community-living healthy elderly were evaluated with the MMDT, and two other dexterity tests, the Box and Block Test (BBT) and the Purdue Pegboard (PP). Thirty-five of them were evaluated twice with the MMDT and 44 were evaluated with both the MMDT and MRMT. The results show that the test-retest reliability of the MMDT is acceptable to high (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.79 to 0.87, depending on the subtest) and the validity of the test is demonstrated by significant correlations between the MMDT, the BBT and the PP (0.63 to 0.67). There is a high correlation (0.85 to 0.95) between the MMDT and the MMRT in spite of different results. The reference values will help occupational therapists to differentiate better between real dexterity difficulties and those that may be attributed to normal aging.

An examination of the validity of the orrisby Manual Dexterity Test

This study examines the validity of the Morrisby Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT) to ascertain its effectiveness as a measure of hand function, within a broader Work Capacity Evaluation. This test was developed by the Morrisby Organization of the Educational and Industrial Test Services Ltd, London, in 1966. The MMDT, which aims to measure manual speed and manual skill, was tested on 15 subjects with normal function and 10 subjects known to have disabilities affecting the hands. The scores obtained were compared with results from two other commonly used hand function tests (Purdue Peg Board and Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test). Subtests of all three tests were appropriately matched so that comparisons were meaningful. The scores from 11 subtests were related to normative data and a percentile score was established. The data were statistically analysed using Pearson correlation coefficients to examine the relationship between performance on the MMDT and the comparison tests. The scores of subjects with normal hand function and subjects with known impairment of hand function were compared on all variables. Construct validity was assessed by using the t‐test to determine whether the MMDT discriminates between the two groups. To ascertain test reliability, test‐retest scores of the MMDT manual speed and manual skill tests were compared. The findings suggest that the MMDT is a reliable but not a valid test instrument and is of questionable value in predicting hand function performance, particularly in relation to manual skill.

Results of interfascicular nerve grafting for radial nerve lesions.

During the 10 year interval 1979-1989, 20 patients underwent nerve grafting of a radial nerve lesion, 13 high radial and 7 posterior interosseous. Average follow-up was 38 months (range 12 months-10 years). Overall 72% of patients achieved a Highet Scale rating of M3 or better function and 44% M4 or better recovery. Age of the patient and length of the nerve graft did not seem to influence outcome. Time from initial injury to nerve grafting did affect outcome, with 85% of patients grafted within 6 months obtaining M3 or better recovery. No patient grafted 12 months after injury recovered any useful function. Lesions of the posterior interosseous nerve had a consistently superior recovery. Power grip strength in the affected hand of patients averaged 60% of the unaffected hand while key pinch averaged 74%. There was good correlation between the Highet Scale rating of recovery and the ultimate power grip or key pinch strength obtained. Hand dexterity, as assessed by the turning and displacing tests of the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test, displayed a wide range of scores in both affected and unaffected hands. Nevertheless, a relative score derived from the results obtained in the displacing test did show correlation with the Highet Scale rating. All patients with M4 or better recovery obtained relative scores for the affected hand that were in the middle of the range of scores considered an average performance for a normal population. Patients who achieved M4 or better nerve recovery following radial nerve grafting also obtained a functional hand as evidenced by the results of grip, key pinch strength, and hand dexterity testing. Lesser degrees of recovery were accompanied by poorer strength and dexterity ratings reflecting inferior function.

Matched hemiresection interposition arthroplasty of the distal radioulnar joint

Since 1986 the senior author has performed a matched hemiresection with retinacular/capsular interposition for patients with painful disorders of the distal radioulnar joint. A retrospective review of 55 wrists was performed by an independent hand surgeon and hand therapist. Forty-nine of 54 wrists in the surviving patients were clinically and radiographically reviewed with an average follow-up interval of 36 months. Subjective assessment included a visual analog rating of pain improvement and satisfaction with treatment. Objective assessment included examination of range of motion, strength, stability, and standardized functional testing with the Jebsen and Minnesota Rate of Manipulation tests. Thirty-five patients reported pain improvement and 41 patients were satisfied. The range of supination and pronation increased from 54 degrees and 67 degrees, respectively, to 72 degrees and 72 degrees. Functional ability as measured by the Jebsen test was similar to the contralateral wrist. Patients had most difficulty turning large objects. The clinical, objective, functional, and x-ray films results correlated poorly with pain improvement and patient satisfaction. Complications included one infection, one reflex sympathetic dystrophy, one neuroma of the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve, and four cases of ulnar-carpal impaction. Pain relief was the primary determinant of patient satisfaction and should be considered the indication for surgery.

Performance of Blind Vocational Rehabilitation Clients on the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Tests

The effects of additional practice trials on the Displacing Test and Turning Test of the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Tests were studied to determine whether the use of normative data from sighted persons in evaluating the motor skills of blind individuals was valid. Blind vocational rehabilitation clients (N=100) were given the MRMT after three practice trials. Contrary to what is commonly believed, they essentially scored lower than people with normal vision, their means on both tests being at the first percentile of the norms for sighted persons. “Low” or “Very Low” range scores (31st percentile or below) were obtained by 83 percent and 68 percent of the blind clients on the Displacing Test and Turning Test, respectively. Accordingly, the use of this procedure can unfairly penalize blind persons.

Use of the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test for disability evaluation.

This study involved the validation of the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test in assessing permanent disability of the hand. 118 persons with permanent impairments of the hand were given four subtests of the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test. The impaired hand was assessed with the traditional measure for permanent impairment and a rating obtained. Scores for the impaired hand on each of four subtests were strongly correlated with the rating of disability.

Repeated measurements of manual dexterity Applications and support of the two-process theory

Abstract The Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test (MRMT) placing and turning tasks were studied for suitability for repeated measures applications: training evaluation, selection and environmental research. Twenty male volunteers performed four runs of placing and turning in each of 15 daily trials (Monday to Friday). The tasks were evaluated in terms of the amount of practice required to yield scores with homogeneous variances and intertrial correlations, and means with a linear trend across days. Results revealed that placing and turning means increased linearly in parallel fashion, and variances were homogeneous after the third day. Intertrial correlations were homogeneous after day 3 for turning and day 10 for placing; with respective stabilized intertrial correlations of 0-64 and 0-68. Correlations between the tasks at each stage of practice were described. The results were discussed in terms of Jones' two-process model of skill acquisition. Implications for personnel measurements and intervention exp...

RELAXATION EXERCISE WITH CEREBRAL PALSIED ADULTS SHOWING SPASTICITY

A method for improving the muscle incoordination associated with cerebral palsy was empirically tested. Relaxation exercises, involving the successive tensing and relaxing of the major muscle groups of the body, were performed by four adults with spastic quadraplegia. All four subjects were sheltered workshop employees. Their IQs ranged from normal to mentally deficient. Testing consisted of two timed-trials of both the Placing Test and the Turning Test from the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Tests. These tests measured the amount of time required to complete various manual manipulations involving pegs and pegboard. A multiple baseline across subjects design was employed to provide experimental control. All subjects showed significant improvement over baseline performance on the tests following the relaxation training. Limitations of this preliminary investigation and implications of these results for future research were noted.

Manual Performance and Arousal

Oltman (1964) presented evidence suggesting that physiological arousal may cause differences in field dependence. In his test, loud white noise was used to produce arousal. Wilkinson (1963) found that white noise interacts with knowledge of results to improve performance on a five-choice test of serial reaction. Predicting from these and other studies, i t was hypothesized that white noise would p r o d ~ ~ c e arousal and increase manual performance on the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test. Each of the 18 paid volunteers was given 300 trials on che Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test. A trial consisted of a 5-sec. period during which S was to turn over as many blocks as possible using both hands. Whi te noise (100 d b & 1 d b ) was presented during half of che trials and was counterbalanced in an ABBA fashion. S was given a 2-min. break after every 100 trials. The mean number of blocks turned over by S in 150 trials during arousal was 1,756 while the mean number of blocks n ~ r n e d over without noise was 1,711. A t test for matched groups was in the direction of the hypothesis and was significant ( t = 7.5; p < ,001) . This significant t resulted from the fact that all but one of the 18 Ss produced differences in performance which were in the direction of the hypothesis. These results are from a series of s t ~ ~ d i e s which indicate thac arousal produced by white noise is not only associated with differences in field dependence and improve~nent in serial reaction, but also with a general improvement in motor performance.

Trance induction under unusual circumstances.

Abstract In Order to obtain a test under naturalistic field conditions of the possible facilitory or inhibitory effects of ongoing tasks on hypnotizability and the interaction of such effects with S's set either to oppose or not oppose entering hypnosis, a series of Ss were hypnotized either singly or in groups while they were performing a variety of tasks typical of those encountered in office or factory situations. Included were such tasks as typewriting, reading a book, engaging in creative writing, performing the Bennett Hand Tool Dexterity and the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation tests, and performing the Pennsylvania Bi-Manual Worksample. In many cases, it was found that hypnosis could be induced under these conditions.

A Battery of Psychological Tests in rehabilitation services

A selection of psychological tests has been presented which form a battery for use in psychological examinations with blind persons. The goal of this battery is to include three areas of testing which consist of the following tests: Intelligence testing: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Verbal Scale, with the eventual addition of the Performance Scale for Adult Blind; occasionally supplemented by the Hayes-Binet Intelligence Tests for the Blind and by other forms of the Wechsler tests. Manual dexterity testing: Pennsylvania Bi-Manual Worksample; Purdue Peg-board; possibly supplemented by the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test and by the Crawford Small Parts Dexterity Test. Personality testing: Sacks’ Projective Sentence Completions, Auditory Sound Association Technique; possibly supplemented by the Auditory Projective Test.

Manual dexterity in the cold.

The effects of the cold on manual dexterity were studied by relating performance time on the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test to air temperature and velocity, windchill, mean surface skin temper...

A Note on the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test as a Time Limit Test

A Note on the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test as a Time Limit Test

A note on adapting the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test to factory use.

A note on adapting the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test to factory use.

The improvement of performance on the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test when bonuses are given.

The improvement of performance on the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test when bonuses are given.

The superiority of college students on the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test.

The superiority of college students on the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test.