Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Scores Research Articles

The clinical effect of strengthening education management combined with psychotropic drugs on schizophrenia in vocational college students

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a group of chronic diseases with unknown causes. It usually starts slowly or subacute in young adults. In clinical practice, it is often manifested as a syndrome with different symptoms, involving various obstacles in perception, thinking, emotion, and behavior, as well as uncoordinated mental activities. Patients are generally conscious and their intelligence is basically normal, but some patients may suffer from cognitive impairment during the disease process. Schizophrenia has a huge impact on the mental health of vocational college students. The study will strengthen education and management and combine psychotropic drugs to conduct clinical treatment of vocational college students’ schizophrenia and observe its effect, so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical treatment of vocational college students’ schizophrenia.Subjects and Methods60 students suffering from schizophrenia were selected from several vocational schools and divided into two groups: drug treatment group and combined treatment group. The students in the drug treatment group take conventional psychotic drugs for treatment, while the students in the combined treatment group take conventional psychotic drugs for treatment and also receive strengthened education and management. Before and after treatment, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was used to evaluate the condition of schizophrenia of the two groups of students, and the evaluation results were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe MMPI scores of the two groups of students before treatment were 65.32±3.24 and 65.48±3.21 respectively. The MMPI scores of the two groups of students after treatment decreased compared with those before treatment. The average MMPI score of the drug treatment group after treatment was 57.46±3.18, and the average MMPI score of the combined treatment group was 45.83±2.87, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared with the scores before the experiment. However, the remission effect of the combined treatment group after treatment was more significant than that of the drug treatment group. Table 1 shows the comparison of MMPI scores between the two groups before and after the experiment.Table 1.Comparison of MMPI scores of patients before and after the experimentGroupBefore treatmentAfter treatmentPMedication group65.32±3.2457.46±3.18>0.05Combined treatment group65.48±3.2145.83±2.87<0.05P>0.05>0.05-ConclusionsConventional psychotic drug treatment has a certain effect on the remission of schizophrenia in vocational college students, but the treatment plan of strengthening education management and combining psychotic drugs proposed in the study has a more significant effect on the remission of schizophrenia in vocational college students, providing a scientific basis for the clinical treatment of schizophrenia of vocational college students.

Over-Reporting of Somatic and Psychiatric PTSD Symptoms Among People Who Experienced Motor Vehicle Accidents and Did Not Seek Psychiatric Help in a Primary Care Setting.

BackgroundOver-reporting of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has been observed in some cases, following a motor vehicle accident (MVA). It has been suggested, however, that these are cases of underdiagnoses in primary care settings. The current study focused on people with PTSD in primary care settings who experienced an MVA and do not seek psychiatric help.MethodsIn the over 3000 patient registry of a primary care clinic, 174 people who experienced an MVA (PE-MVA) were identified. The final sample included 45 PE-MVA, who were administered the Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale (CAPS-2), and completed the Injury Severity Scale (ISS) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) content scales.ResultsPE-MVA with PTSD reported more psychopathology on both MMPI-2 and CAPS-2 than those without PTSD. Severity of injury, measured by the ISS, did not differ significantly between the two PE-MVA groups. The significant differences between the PE-MVA with PTSD and those without PTSD disappeared after adjusting for the covariates of bias scales [Infrequency (F) and Fake Bad (FBS)] in MMPI-2, but not in CAPS-2.ConclusionThe results suggest that in primary care settings, PE-MVA with PTSD who do not seek psychiatric help, over-report psychiatric and somatic symptoms. In a personal injury setting the F scale of the MMPI-2 showed less sensitivity to exaggerated somatic symptoms than the FBS scale. Bias scales of PE-MVA with PTSD are major contributors to the elevation of the MMPI-2 scores but not the CAPS-2 score.

Pre-Employment MMPI-2 Measures and Later Psychological Injury-Related Absenteeism among Police Officers

Abstract Pre-employment screening to assess for psychological vulnerability is common in trauma-exposed occupations such as policing. However, the ability of such screening to predict those at increased risk of subsequent mental health problems has been questioned. The present study sought to investigate the ability of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) to predict absenteeism related to psychological injury in police officers. Pre-employment screening data from 1,399 sworn police officers was linked to organizational records. A total of 150 police officers who had taken at least 2 weeks’ sick leave with work-related mental health concerns were matched to 150 healthy controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine any association between MMPI-2 scales and psychological injury-related absenteeism. We found no evidence that elevations in the pre-employment MMPI-2 scores of police recruits were associated with an increased chance of future absenteeism as a result of psychological injury (P > 0.05). In addition, there was no evidence of an increased likelihood of psychological injury-related absenteeism among those with a higher number of positive pre-employment risk factors (P = 0.09). While the MMPI-2 may be able to predict different outcomes among police officers, it is important to note that based on these results, the MMPI-2, if used at pre-employment, is not able to predict later psychological injury-related absenteeism.

Psychological Characteristics in Patients with Chronic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Comparisons with Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Other Types of Chronic Pain.

ObjectiveThis study investigated psychological characteristics of patients with chronic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and examined relationships between psychosocial factors and pain severity.MethodsIn total, 76 patients with CRPS, 95 patients with other types of chronic pain, 171 healthy controls, and 66 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were included. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) profiles and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory were calculated. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS).ResultsPatients with CRPS scored higher on the Hypochondriasis (Hs), Depression (D), Hysteria (Hy), Paranoia (Pa), and Psychasthenia (Pt) scales of the MMPI-2 compared to healthy controls. The CRPS group scored lower on the D, Psychopathic deviate (Pd), Pa, Pt, Schizophrenia (Sc), and Social introversion (Si) scales compared to the MDD group. Although CRPS patients reported higher levels of pain than patients with other types of pain, the MMPI profiles of the two pain groups did not differ significantly. Linear regression analyses revealed that pain severity was significantly associated with depression and scores on the Masculinity–Femininity (Mf) scale.ConclusionThis is the first comparative study of the psychological characteristics of chronic CRPS patients, healthy controls, and patients with MDD. The neurotic profiles of CRPS patients were more psychologically adaptable than were those of patients with MDD; however, this profile was shared by both pain groups. The present findings further showed that, although pain severity was not a major contributor to depression, patients with CRPS should be evaluated for depressive symptoms.

조현병을 동반한 남성 살인 가해자에서 피해자의 성별에 따른 미네소타 다면적 인성검사-2 특성 비교

Objective: This study aims to identify personality characteristics according to victim`s gender in male homicide offender with schizophrenia by using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) test. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the mental appraisals and MMPI-2 scores of 32 male homicide offender with schizophrenia who killed men and 44 male homicide offender with schizophrenia who killed women, who were referred to National Forensic Hospital in Gongju city for psychiatric evaluation between January 2010 and August 2018. Results: The male homicide offender with schizophrenia who killed men scored significantly higher on F (p=0.040) and Pa (p=0.028) than the male homicide offender with schizophrenia who killed women. But, there was no statistically significant difference both the Mf (p=0.301) and Sc (p=0.502) in between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the male homicide offender with schizophrenia who killed men may have developed not masculinity and schizophrenic characteristics but paranoid characteristics, compared to the male homicide offender with schizophrenia who killed women.

Sexual problems and personality traits in female patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome without diagnosis of sexual dysfunction

Aim: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a disease characterized by generalized chronic pain accompanied by hypersensitivity in tender anatomic regions and by various psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was comparing the relationships between FMS symptoms and the personal characteristics and sexual problems in patients.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at a Dr.Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Unit in Istanbul. The study included 24 female patients were diagnosed with FMS without presence of sexual dysfunction. The demographic and anthropometric characteristics, the symptoms accompanying FMS and tender points were identified. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) were utilized. Results: From MMPI scores, only “hysteria” sub-item score was above 70 (µ=73.63). The mean “feel good”, “work missed” and “anxiety” subscale scores of FIQ had a statistically significant positive correlation with “vaginismus”, “touching”, “anorgasmia” subscale and “total” scale scores of GRISS. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between BDI and GRISS “communication” scores and between BAI and GRISS “touching” scores.Conclusion: We found an association between FMS complaints and some symptoms of sexual dysfunction. The high mean MMPI hysteria score of patients indicates that they use suppression and denial quite often and they may have somatic complaints associated with anxiety. BDI and BAI scores were found to be high and associated with some symptoms of sexual dysfunction in our study.

Preoperative psychological personal characteristics of glioma patients

Objective To analyze the preoperative personal characteristics of glioma patients and to explore the association of their personal characteristics with clinical factors. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 85 patients with gliomas (tumor group) who were admitted to Department of Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from February 2016 to December 2018. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was used for assessment before surgery. Meanwhile, 41 healthy volunteers who volunteered to undergo the MMPI assessment at Mental Health Center of Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University during the same period were enrolled as controls (healthy control group). The results of MMPI scores were compared between the 2 groups. The relationship between Karnofsky Performance scale(KPS) score, tumor grade, location and side of patients with glioma and MMPI score was further analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in age, gender, education level or income between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Compared with normal control group, the scores of 9 scales of MMPI in tumor group, including Lie (56.0±11.5 vs. 50.0±10.0), Validity (53.0±10.6 vs. 41.7±8.8), Hypochondriasis (55.6±11.2 vs. 44.2±8.3), Depression (49.2±9.6 vs. 42.2±10.3), Masculinity-femininity(49.9±9.4 vs. 42.8±14.0), Psychasthenia (51.5±10.0 vs. 40.9±11.5), Schizophrenia (51.2±10.6 vs. 40.2±10.6), Hypomania(51.8±9.1 vs. 47.7±9.4), Social introversion(46.6±8.7 vs. 36.7±13.0), were significant increased (all P 80 group and KPS≤80 group (P 0.05). Conclusions Patients with gliomas usually have some abnormal psychological personality, including evasion, over self-worry, emotional depression, nervousness, anxiety and so on. The KPS scores, tumor grade and location seem to have certain effects on their psychological personal characteristics respectively. Key words: Glioma; Preoperative period; Psychology; Personality assessment; Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

S177. A bird-eye view on EEG networks in relation to personality traits in healthy controls

The beginning of the EEG was inspired by Berger attempting to study higher brain function. The matter was too complex for a starting technique and could have ended there. Instead, it became a breakthrough by enlightening centuries of inquire on the nature of seizures. Thereafter, the EEG was devoted almost entirely to sharpen the patchy relation between paroxysmal discharges and epilepsy. Nowadays, the technique has evolved to a point where several aspects of brain function can be addressed. EEG sources can be localized in 3D space. Functional networks can be outlined by correlating source activities, in close resemblance with other imaging techniques. Furthermore, directionality can be obtained from phase relationships, a millisecond time-space measure that remains exclusive of electromagnetic signals. On the other side, human behavior is too complex to be modeled only by task-related and default-mode networks. Interactions among these and other yet unknown networks ultimately emerge as a dynamic phenomenon. This work focuses on the effective connectivity in selected networks from the EEG of healthy volunteers looking for correlations with personality traits from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Twenty individuals with no psychiatric or neurological disorder completed the MMPI-2 before recording their EEG with I 10–20, standard settings. Two minutes artifact free, awake, eyes-closed EEG signal was analyzed with Neuroguide software to generate Low Resolution Electromagnetic Topography (LORETA) scores for each of the Broadman Areas (BA). Pearson correlations of spectral power and phase differences for each BA pairs in the selected networks, based on their potential relevance to personality traits and higher brain function: Panic (PN), Dorsal Attention (DAN), Ventral Attention (VAN), Default-Mode (DMN), Affective (AN), Executive (EN), Memory (MN) and Language (LN). Connectivity Z-scores were calculated with Neuroguide normative database. Network connectivity Z-scores (zNC) were then correlated with the MMPI scores using multiple correlation analysis. None of the subjects showed out of range MMPI scores. The EEGs were normal at visual inspection. All zNC were within normal limits in all subjects. However, different deviation trends were seen across networks creating a particular “spider-web” pattern for each subject. Individual deviation patterns were significantly correlated with MMPI-2 profiles. Most noticeably, deviations in the PN and DMN were correlated with several MMPI-2 scales (p < 0.01), AN was highly correlated with hipomania (p < 0.001), less so with depression (p < 0.05). EEG network analysis is a promising tool for studying whole brain function, as well as for dissecting higher order processes. Overall and each network effective connectivity were normal in our subjects, yet deviation trends correlated with MMIP profiles, suggesting a potential use in personality theory as well as in psychopathology studies.

Comparative study of personality and coping styles in unipolar depression and bipolar depression patients

Objective To provide the foundation of individual psychological interventions for patients with mood disorders in future clinical work, we investigate the differences of personalities and coping styles between unipolar depression and bipolar depression patients. Methods A number of 30 patients with unipolar depression (including depressive episode and recurrent depression) and 30 patients with bipolar depression were estimated using Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) and coping style questionnaire (CSQ) . Results The MMPI scores of factor D and Si in patients with unipolar depression were significantly higher than those in patients with bipolar depression (P<0.01) . The differences of the MMPI scores of Hs, D, Hy, Pt, Sc factors between two groups were higher than critical score of Chinese norm (60) . The CSQ score of remorse factor in patients with unipolar depression was significantly higher than that in patients with bipolar depression (P<0.01) . The differences in the CSQ scores of retreat and recourse factors between two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusions Patients with unipolar depression are diffidence, suspicious, solitary, annoyed, oversensitive, depressive, apathetic, pessimism, keeping distance in communication, afraid of emotional close and losing self-control. They have poor coping style and prefer to solve problem in a self-condemned way instead of an active way such as turning to for help. Key words: Depressive disorder; Bipolar disorder; Personality; Coping style; Comparative study

Relationships between MMPI Scales under Defensive Attitude and Safety and Health Indices

Objective:This study aims to analyze the relationships between personality factors measured by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales and the indices of safety and health in the shipbuilding industry.BR Background: Many researches reported that there were significant relationships between some MMPI subscales and traffic and industrial accidents.BR Method: This study analyzes 230 male workers in shipyard for their MMPI scores gathered during recruitment process and their safety and health indices from the performance record during their working period. χ2-test and one-way ANOVA are used for finding the statistical significance for personality factors. The conventional grouping rule for MMPI scales and other grouping criteria considering the attitude of positive answer for the MMPI test during recruitment process are used for analysis.BR Results: The Hypomania (Ma) and Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) scales of the MMPI are the main factors related to the safety and health related indices for most grouping rules. Depression (D), Psychasthenia (Pt), Hypochondriasis (Hs), Schizophrenia (Sc), and Masculinity and Femininity (Mf) scales are also related to the safety and health indices.BR Conclusion and Application: The results can be used for understanding the psychological factors in human behaviors and safety and can help professional personnel take the necessary steps in improving safety on the job and also in providing the effective teaching of safe work methods.

Reassessing the "traditional background hypothesis" for elevated MMPI and MMPI-2 Lie-scale scores.

The Lie (L) scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is widely regarded as a measure of conscious attempts to deny common human foibles and to present oneself in an unrealistically positive light. At the same time, the current MMPI-2 manual states that "traditional" and religious backgrounds can account for elevated L scale scores as high as 65T-79T, thereby tempering impression management interpretations for faith-based individuals. To assess the validity of the traditional background hypothesis, we reviewed 11 published studies that employed the original MMPI with religious samples and found that only 1 obtained an elevated mean L score. We then conducted a meta-analysis of 12 published MMPI-2 studies in which we compared L scores of religious samples to the test normative group. The meta-analysis revealed large between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 87.1), L scale scores for religious samples that were somewhat higher but did not approach the upper limits specified in the MMPI-2 manual, and an overall moderate effect size (d¯ = 0.54, p < .001; 95% confidence interval [0.37, 0.70]). Our analyses indicated that religious-group membership accounts, on average, for elevations on L of about 5 t-score points. Whether these scores reflect conscious "fake good" impression management or religious-based virtuousness remains unanswered. (PsycINFO Database Record

Prognostic value of psychological state in cochlear implantation

Conclusion: Perioperative Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores may be beneficial for predicting prognosis of cochlear implantation (CI). A positive attitude for social interaction in particular correlates with a better speech outcome. Proper perioperative psychological management may, therefore, assist in the auditory rehabilitation of CI patients. Objective: To determine the perioperative psychological state of CI patients and its relationship with patient prognosis after CI. Methods: This study prospectively enrolled 29 patients who underwent CI from 2005–2013. The MMPI was administered to assess psychosocial and emotional issues surrounding CI and the Korean version of the Central Institute of Deafness (K-CID) score was used to measure speech perception. Results: CI resulted in a significant improvement on the MMPI Paranoia scale (p = 0.02). Patients with abnormal pre-operative and post-operative MMPI scores also had an earlier onset of deafness, longer duration of deafness, and lower K-CID scores than patients with normal MMPI scores (all p < 0.05). The post-CI K-CID score had a significant negative correlation with the pre-operative MMPI Schizophrenia score (p < 0.01) and significant negative correlations with the post-operative MMPI Paranoia (p = 0.02), Psychasthenia (p = 0.02), Schizophrenia (p = 0.04), Hypomania (p = 0.02) and Social Introversion (p = 0.03) scores.

Effects of orthognathic surgery on psychological status of patients with jaw deformities

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of orthognathic surgery on psychological status. The subjects were 119 patients (38 males and 81 females, mean age 25.5±9.4 years) who underwent orthognathic surgery. They were divided into class III (84 patients), class II (20 patients), and class I (15 patients) groups according to the anteroposterior skeletal pattern, and they were also divided into an asymmetry group (51 patients) and a symmetry group (68 patients). We assessed psychological status using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) before surgery and at more than 6 months after surgery. The MMPI scores for the depression, hysteria, psychasthenia, and social introversion scales were significantly higher than standard values before surgery, and the hypomania scale significantly lower. The cannot say scale, depression scale, and hysteria scale decreased significantly after surgery. A comparison of MMPI scores among the groups showed the depression scale in the class III group to be higher than those in the class I and II groups; there was no significant difference between the asymmetry and symmetry groups. In conclusion, orthognathic surgery has a positive influence on the psychological status of patients with jaw deformities, especially patients with skeletal class III malocclusion.

Results of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 among gestational surrogacy candidates

ObjectiveTo obtain normative data on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) personality test for gestational surrogate (GS) candidates. MethodsA retrospective study was undertaken through chart review of all GS candidates assessed at Shady Grove Fertility Center, Rockville, MD, USA, between June 2007 and December 2009. Participants completed the MMPI-2 test during screening. MMPI-2 scores, demographic information, and screening outcome were retrieved. ResultsAmong 153 included candidates, 132 (86.3%) were accepted to be a GS, 6 (3.9%) were ruled out because of medical reasons, and 15 (9.8%) were ruled out because of psychological reasons. The mean scores on each of the MMPI-2 scales were within the normal range. A score of more than 65 (the clinical cutoff) was recorded on the L scale for 46 (30.1%) candidates, on the K scale for 61 (39.9%), and on the S scale for 84 (54.9%). Women who were ruled out for psychological reasons had significantly higher mean scores on the validity scales F and L, and on clinical scale 8 than did women who were accepted (P<0.05 for all). ConclusionMost GS candidates are well adjusted and free of psychopathology, but candidates tend to present themselves in an overly positive way.

A Fallacious Forced Choice: Cloninger and Stoyanov, Machamer, and Schaffner Are Compatible

A Fallacious Forced Choice:Cloninger and Stoyanov, Machamer, and Schaffner Are Compatible Drozdstoj Stoyanov (bio), Peter Machamer (bio), and Kenneth F. Schaffner (bio) Keywords Cloninger, SMS paradigm, convergent validity In his commentary entitled Degeneracy of Categorical Disease Paradigms, Robert Cloninger (2013) presents several arguments to challenge our program of convergent transdisciplinary validation across psychopathology, clinical psychology, and psychiatry. The aim of this response is to demonstrate how Cloninger’s most insightful reflection is actually consistent with our paradigm. Let us summarize his major objections herewith: A paradigm is scientifically degenerate (perhaps in a Lakatosian sense) if it does not provide a way to test and modify its basic assumptions or if it cannot make predictions that go beyond observed data; Cloninger attempts to persuade us that the Stoyanov, Machamer, and Schaffner (SMS) paradigm is degenerate in this sense. Cloninger insists that we wrongly attribute specificity to MMPI scores for depression when in actual fact the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) can only be meaningfully interpreted in any given person as a multidimensional profile of scores. This error illustrates the way that contemporary diagnostic systems tend to reify categories as discrete entities despite the fact that there is no justification for doing so. Further, Cloninger raises the fundamental queries: Where is the basis for values and virtues in the SMS paradigm of health? How can we have an adequate model of health and disease without a role for values and virtue? We shall not focus extensively on arguments, because there is a large literature that defends the thesis that the MMPI can perform heterogeneous (hybrid) measures, both of traits and states. More precisely, a depression score of over 70 in MMPI depression rating scale has been considered valuable clinical measure for depression along with the Hamilton rating scale and others. First, it should be noted that we have not advocated the categorical approach only. On the contrary, in a number of previous publications we have argued that neurobiological signatures may underpin broader diagnostic entities (dimensions, [End Page 281] clusters, prototypes). However, we should keep in mind that there are many arguments of reservation in the current literature at the utility of the broader and complex diagnostic constructs (Phillips 2011). The provisional disagreement arises with the field of the particular study design introduced in our paper as a possible route to improvement of the neuroscience–clinical psychiatry correlations via simultaneous investigation of the clinical features of mental disorders and the underlying brain mechanisms, which is taken to be categorical per se by Cloninger. On a meta-theoretical level, it is not correct to say that our paradigm does not provide way to test and modify its basic assumptions since it has never been actually tested. Our predictions, however, can go far beyond the observed data, and toward bridging the explanatory gap and conformable dialogue of neuroscience and psychiatry. So, at least from these two perspectives, it is constructive and should not be defined as degenerate. The alternative Cloninger brings forward is his psychobiological model of personality, referring to his very motivating research into neurobiological correlates of personality. For example, the brain circuit regulating persistence has been determined to involve the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann area 24), orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann area 47), and the ventral striatum, which regulates conditioning of reward-seeking behavior. Real-time testing of circuit activity was carried out by varying the proportion of neutral stimuli when people were asked to rate pictures as pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Circuit activity increased, along with increasing proportions of neutral pictures in highly persistent people, whereas it decreased under the same conditions in impersistent people; this nonlinear effect was direct evidence of a complex adaptive system. In addition, ratings of affective valence (i.e., pleasant or unpleasant) depended on nonlinear interactions of persistence with harm avoidance and self-directedness, which themselves modulate connectivity of the anterior cingulum with the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex respectively. Regardless to all those inspirational research facts, there is growing awareness that finding of any genetic–neuroscience to clinical interrelations in Cloninger’s paradigm will be very complicated and so far out of reach (Service 2012). In any case, it is exciting...

Stability in MMPI among adoptees with high and low genetic risk for schizophrenia and with low Communication Deviance of their adoptive parents

Stability has been considered an important aspect of vulnerability to schizophrenia. The temporal stability of the scales in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was examined, using adoptees from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. Adoptees who were high-risk (HR) offspring of biological mothers having a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n=28) and low-risk (LR) controls (n=46) were evaluated using 15 MMPI scales at the initial assessment (HR, mean age 24 years; LR, mean age 23 years) and at the follow-up assessment after a mean interval of 11 years. Stability of the MMPI scales was also assessed in the groups of adoptees, assigned according to the adoptive parents'(n=44) communication style using Communication Deviance (CD) scale as an environmental factor. Initial Lie, Frequency, Correction, Psychopathic Deviate, Schizophrenia, Manifest Hostility, Hypomania, Phobias, Psychoticism, Religious Fundamentalism, Social Maladjustment, Paranoid Schizophrenia, Golden–Meehl Indicators, Schizophrenia Proneness and 8–6 scale scores significantly predicted the MMPI scores at the follow-up assessment indicating stability in the characteristics of thinking, affective expression, social relatedness and volition. Low CD in the family had an effect on the stabilization of personality traits such as social withdrawal and restricted affectivity assessed by Correction and Hostility.

주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 부모에서 MMPI 특성

Objectives: The current study investigated the personality characteristics of parents of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), which is commonly used in clinical medicine. Methods: Participants were 117 parents of children with ADHD (96 boys and 21 girls) and 77 parents of comparison children (50 boys and 27 girls), who completed the Korean version of the MMPI. Results: The MMPI scores of the fathers of ADHD children were significantly higher on the Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Masculinity-Femininity (Mf), Paranoia (Pa), and Psychasthenia (Pt) scales than the comparison group's were. In addition, the mothers of ADHD children had higher MMPI scores on the traits of Hypochondriasis (Hs), Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), and Schizophrenia (Sc) than the comparisong roup had, but were not significantly higher. Conclusion: The fathers of ADHD children might be antisocial, irresolute, passive, paranoid, and anxious. In addition, mothers of ADHD children might have hypochondriacal, antisocial, and/or psychological confusional traits, but these were not be significantly high. These results suggest that the psychopathology of parents of ADHD children might correlate with their children's ADHD.

Comparability of the MMPI-2 and PAI in third party reproduction psychological evaluation

To investigate the comparability of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and Personality Assessment Inventory's (PAI) validity, clinical, and personality subscales in a sample of gestational carrier (GC) applicants. Retrospective review of GC applicant psychological testing from 2009-2011. De-identified MMPI-2 and PAI subscale scores from N = 16 GC applicants. All mean scale scores on the clinical, validity, and personality scales of the measures were within normal limits. Further, no clinical scale scores were elevated above T = 64 on the Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales of the MMPI-2 or the PAI. Elevations above T = 64 on MMPI-2 Clinical Scales 1 (Hs), 3 (Hy) and 9 (Ma) were found. Scores on two matching PAI (i.e., PIM, T = 62.25; and DEF, T = 64.06) and MMPI-2 (i.e., L, T = 60.93; and K, T = 63.38) validity scales were more than one standard deviation above the mean. Large correlations were found between PIM and L (r = .65) and multiple other PAI and MMPI-2 clinical and personality scales (e.g., PAI-SOM and RC1, r = .70; PAI-MAN and Clinical Scale 9, r = .62). There was no statistical difference between the number of PAI and MMPI-2 profiles with elevated validity scale scores. Finally, of the applicants who were not accepted into the GC program for psychological reasons, all profiles had validity and/or clinical scale score elevations on both measures. The MMPI-2 and PAI are two measures often utilized independently to assess response style and psychological symptomatology in GC applicants. A comparison of the measures did not find the expected relationships among all matching scales of the PAI and MMPI-2. However, the measures appear to consistently identify invalid responding. Use of both measures could provide greater understanding of applicant response style and symptomatology; however, the increased cost and time commitment may be prohibitive. The results of this study suggest that use of either measure alone is acceptable.

P01-159 - Psychiatric evaluation of maladaptive male conscripts in a division of the republic of korean army: about the green camp participants

ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to elucidate the demographic and psychological characteristics of maladaptive soldiers in the Republic of Korea Army.MethodsStudy participants were 110 male conscripts who participated in the Green camp, a kind of group psychotherapy for maladaptive soldiers. All the participants were interviewed and diagnosed by a psychiatrist, and classified into two groups according to whether they left or rejoin the army. We analyzed the difference between these two groups in terms of demographic features, psychiatric diagnosis, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) subscores.ResultsCompared with soldiers who rejoined their units, those who left military service exhibited significantly lower educational level (p = 0.041) and higher rate in psychiatric treatment prior to enlistment (p = 0.011). Among the 106 study subjects, 63 (59.4%) and 23(21.7%) were diagnosed as personality disorder and adjustment disorder, respectively. Soldiers who left military service were diagnosed more frequently as mood disorder (p = 0.001) and schizophrenia (p = 0.014), respectively, than those who rejoined their units. The MMPI scores of soldiers who left military service were significantly higher on the psychasthenia (p = 0.028) and schizophrenia (p = 0.039) scales than those of soldiers who rejoined their units.ConclusionMost of the maladaptive soldiers were diagnosed as mental disorder. The results of this study suggest that systematic, consistent psychiatric evaluation and intervention for maladaptive male conscripts is crucial in the army.

Artificial Neural Networks in the Outcome Prediction of Adjustable Gastric Banding in Obese Women

BackgroundObesity is unanimously regarded as a global epidemic and a major contributing factor to the development of many common illnesses. Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB) is one of the most popular surgical approaches worldwide. Yet, substantial variability in the results and significant rate of failure can be expected, and it is still debated which categories of patients are better suited to this type of bariatric procedure. The aim of this study was to build a statistical model based on both psychological and physical data to predict weight loss in obese patients treated by LAGB, and to provide a valuable instrument for the selection of patients that may benefit from this procedure.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe study population consisted of 172 obese women, with a mean±SD presurgical and postsurgical Body Mass Index (BMI) of 42.5±5.1 and 32.4±4.8 kg/m2, respectively. Subjects were administered the comprehensive test of psychopathology Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Main goal of the study was to use presurgical data to predict individual therapeutical outcome in terms of Excess Weight Loss (EWL) after 2 years. Multiple linear regression analysis using the MMPI-2 scores, BMI and age was performed to determine the variables that best predicted the EWL. Based on the selected variables including age, and 3 psychometric scales, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were employed to improve the goodness of prediction. Linear and non linear models were compared in their classification and prediction tasks: non linear model resulted to be better at data fitting (36% vs. 10% variance explained, respectively) and provided more reliable parameters for accuracy and mis-classification rates (70% and 30% vs. 66% and 34%, respectively).Conclusions/SignificanceANN models can be successfully applied for prediction of weight loss in obese women treated by LAGB. This approach may constitute a valuable tool for selection of the best candidates for surgery, taking advantage of an integrated multidisciplinary approach.