Minnesota Model Research Articles

Educating and training culturally competent peace officers: challenges and opportunities of the Minnesota model

Abstract Minnesota has garnered national attention as the epicenter of significant policing problems, most notably following the tragic death of George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020. In the wake of this incident, cultural competency, characterized by an understanding and appreciation of cultural differences and the ability to interact effectively across diverse cultural backgrounds, was positioned as essential for contemporary policing. Minnesota State, a system of 26 colleges and seven universities with 54 campuses, educating 86 % of the state’s law enforcement officers, in turn, initiated a Taskforce on Law Enforcement Education Reform to promote this idea. This article situates Minnesota State’s reformative measures within broader police reform efforts in Minnesota, highlighting the unique role that higher education institutions play as catalysts for change. The article critically examines the “Minnesota model” of peace officer education and training, questioning the necessity of a college degree for police work and exploring how degrees impact policing outcomes. The challenges of implementing systemic change within higher education institutions are then juxtaposed with the opportunities they present for creating a new generation of peace officers equipped to serve with cultural savvy. The article offers insights into the complexities of systemic change in police education, emphasizing the role of higher education in achieving a more equitable and just society through the development of culturally competent peace officers.

The Minnesota model and its legacy

The Minnesota model and its legacy

Analysis of Solving Physics Problems Using the Minnesota Model for Mechanics Concepts

The purpose of this study is to analyze students' ability to solve physics problems in mechanical materials using the Minnesota problem-solving model. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The population in this study is class XI IPA MAN I Banda Aceh students with 10 subjects. The instrument in this study uses a description test with 5 questions. The results of this study are shown to analyze the process of students in solving physics problems that require a high level of thinking, the way students understand concepts, describe problem situations, plan solutions, carry out solutions and evaluate answers. Based on the results of the study, the average student could use the Minnesota problem-solving model in answering physics questions and using this model students are skilled at selecting relevant information, then analyzing it and finally re-researching the results.<strong></strong>

Easing the Entry of Qualified International Medical Graduates to U.S. Medical Practice.

Almost one quarter of physicians and physicians-in-training in the United States are international medical graduates (IMGs), meaning they have graduated from a medical school not accredited in the United States. Some IMGs are U.S. citizens and others are foreign nationals. IMGs, many of whom have years of training and experience gained in their countries of origin, have long contributed to the U.S. health care system, especially by providing care to populations that have been historically underserved. Additionally, many IMGs contribute to the diversity of the health care workforce, which can enhance the health of the population. The diversity of the United States is increasing, and racial and ethnic concordance between a physician and a patient has been linked to improved health outcomes.IMGs must meet national- and state-level licensing and credentialing standards like any other U.S. physician. This assures the ongoing quality of the care provided by the medical workforce and protects the public. However, at the state level, variation in standards and standards that may be more challenging to meet than those for U.S. medical school graduates may hamper IMGs' contributions. IMGs who are not U.S. citizens also face visa and immigration barriers.In this article, the authors present insights gleaned from Minnesota's model IMG integration program as well as changes made in 2 states in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Improving and streamlining processes for IMGs to be licensed and credentialed as well as the policies governing visas and immigration, where appropriate, can ensure that IMGs will be willing and able to continue to practice when and where they are needed. This, in turn, could increase the contribution of IMGs to addressing health care inequities, improving health care access through service in federally designated Health Professional Shortage Areas, and reducing the impact of potential physician shortages.

The Effectiveness of Using the Minnesota Model in Completing University Physics Selection Exam

This study raises the issue of whether the Minnesota model in solving university selection physics questions gets the right results in terms of answers and time. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using the Minnesota problem-solving model for the accuracy of answers and time in solving physics problems. The type of research is quantitative research with experimental methods. The population of this study was students of class XI from senior high school in Banda Aceh. The sample in this study was two classes. There was the experimental class and control class. Determination of the sample is done by purposive sampling. The approach used is a quantitative approach with the type of experimental research. The data was collected using a written test technique and data processing using an analysis of the effectiveness of the accuracy of the answers using an assessment rubric that has been validated and using t-test statistics, as well as the effectiveness of the use of time analysis based on the average time use of the two classes. The results of the data analysis showed that the average value of the experimental class using the Minnesota problem-solving model was higher than the control class, and the experimental class’s time usage was faster than the control class. It was stated that the Minnesota problem-solving model was effectively used in solving physics problems.

Stopping Addiction Before It Begins: The Future is now

Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) (Blum et al, 2014; Blum, Badgaiyan, Agan, Frantantonio, Simpatico, et al. 2015; Blum, Baron, Lott, Ponce, Siwicki, et al. 2019) screens for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) predisposition risk, for polymorphic variance within eleven alleles of the ten most common genes, in mental disorder. The RDS paradigm shift is concerned with treating the underlying neurogenetic and epigenetic challenges of dopaminergic dysfunction, as well as dysfunction in other neurotransmitter channels (Blum, Baron, McLaughlin, & Gold, 2020). Cutting edge psychiatric genomics recognizes that RDS is one preexisting causal influence for addiction (Tsermpini, Adla, & Patrinos, 2022). Consideration of preexisting neurogenetic challenges which affect low dopamine availability or epigenetic insults are not addressed in traditional old school, Minnesota Model twelve steps treatment modalities (Gilley, 2020), nor it is addressed in the current DSM 5th Edition (APA, 2013) (Gondre-Lewis, Bassey, & Blum, 2020). Scientists in the know are hopeful that RDS will be included in the next edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, as exponential increases in research studies from interactive sciences such as psychology, neurology, genetics and epigenetics have greatly enlarged perspective (Mancheno, Navas-Leon, Fernandez-Calderon, Gutierrez, Sanchez-Garcia, et al 2021). Sometimes progress is slow in funneling progressive cutting-edge applications from the research world into the practitioner world (CASA Columbia, 2012). Unfortunately, it is the patients who suffer, as the opioid overdose deaths of more than 100,000 this year alone, attest (Gupta, Bowirrat, Llanos Gomez, Baron, Elman, Giordano, et al 2022; Blum, Fried, Madigan, Giordano, Modestino, Steinbergy, et al 2017; Moran, Blum, Valdez Ponce, Lott, Gondre-Lewis, Badgaiyan, 2021). Not only have there been advancements in treatment models, from the Minnesota Model of the 1950’s, the Harm Reduction Model of the 1980’s (Paquette, Daughters, & Witkiewitz, 2022) and the Neurodevelopmental Model of addiction of the 2000’s (Leyton, 2012, 2014), there have been advancements in unifying theory. The evolution of the history of addiction recovery treatment would never be complete without mentioning the foundational dopamine depletion hypothesis (Dackis, & Gold, 1985; Diani, 2011; Volkow, Fowler, & Wang, 2002), which led to way to the current leading theory of Reward Deficiency Syndrome, which includes consideration of genetic (Dick, & Agrawal, 2008; Uhl, Liu, Walter, Hess, & Naiman, 2002) and epigenetic causal influences (Edwards, Roy, Boyett, Badgaiyan, Thanos, Baron, et al 2020; Vaillancourt, Ernst, Mash, & Turecki, 2017). RDS unifies all addictions, both substance and non-substance under a common rubric (Blum, Bowirrat, Braverman, Baron, Cadet, Kasmi, et al (2021). The Reward Deficiency Syndrome paradigm shift takes into consideration, underlying genetic, biological, physiological, and neurological mechanisms of the brain reward cascade (BRC). In this genomic era of addiction medicine, the new standard of excellence in addiction treatment begins genetic screening (Gilley, 2022 a, b, c). RDS treatment plans are built upon the foundational genetic and epigenetic causal influences (Gilley, 2021, b, c). RDS-Solution Focused Brief Intervention (RDS-SFBI) administers bio-neuro-psychological therapy which assists the client in achieving dopamine homeostasis (Gilley, 2019). Since RDS effects the individual over the entire lifespan, it should be treated as a front-line modality (Blum, Raza, Schultz, Jalali, Green, Brewer, et al 2021), by primary physicians, and teams of RDS specialists (Gilley, Bowirrat, Gupta, Giordano, Dennen, Braverman, Badgaiyan, McLaughin, Baron, & Blum, 2022).

The impact of Covid-19 on organisational commitment with mediating role of satisfaction among the Iraqi auditors

PurposeThe study seeks to examine the effect of the Covid-19 on organisational commitment with the mediating role of job satisfaction of Iraqi auditors to determine the impact the Corona has on the organisational commitment of Iraqi auditors with the mediating role of job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe study's statistical population consists of those auditors working in the auditing organisations and private sector auditing institutions in Iraq. The number of respondents was 1,500 and 305 questionnaires were collected and analysed using Cochran's formula. Data were collected using the Covid1-19 questionnaire developed by the researcher, Minnesota Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (1967) and Allen and Meyer (1990) Organisational Commitment Questionnaire. In this study, the components of individual fear, collective fear and the transition from a feeling of security to insecurity with 29 questions for the impact of Covid-19 and job satisfaction components derived from the Minnesota Model, which includes six components (payment system, nature of job, progress opportunities, organisational atmosphere, leadership style and physical condition) is based on 19 questions. The components of organisational commitment are based on three types of emotional commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment with 24 questions. Structural equation modelling using Smart-PLS software was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe results showed that the Covid-19 effect variable was not significant on organisational commitment but was significant considering the mediating role of job satisfaction.Originality/valueThe paper has covered a very interesting topic nowadays and the results may give great insight to auditors in a challenging condition due to COVID 19.

Treatment and recovery discover harm reduction: Now what?

It is useful to view our history as a long line of innovations to respond to and heal individuals addicted to alcohol and drugs. In the late 1700s, Dr. Benjamin Rush introduced the disease concept and the medicalization of care. The 1930s and 1940s witnessed the emergence of Alcoholics Anonymous and the Minnesota Model of addiction treatment. More recently, for the past 20‐plus years, motivational interviewing and medication‐assisted therapy have been adopted as core elements in treatment and recovery best practices.

New center to take personalized care to next level, embracing psychedelics

Two professionals with experience in person‐centered treatment organizations that offered a stark alternative to the Minnesota Model have opened a new outpatient center with a similar approach and the additional component of a novel form of psychedelic‐assisted therapy.

Expanding Family Medicine Scholarship to All Faculty: The Minnesota Model for Harmonizing Clinical Care, Education, and Research Missions.

The Department of Family Medicine and Community Health at the University of Minnesota engaged in a 5-year transformation to expand research and scholarship opportunities to all faculty. A harmonization framework was used to integrate the 3 missions of clinical care, education, and research to ensure that research and scholarship were an ongoing focus of the department. The key elements of our transformation included as follows: (1) a general culture of inquiry, (2) harmonized leadership, (3) training and mentoring, and (4) infrastructure and resources. Components of each of these elements were intentionally instituted simultaneously and iteratively across the 5 years to provide robust and sustainable research and scholarship opportunities for all faculty. Outputs and outcomes of the harmonized transformation indicated that clinical and research faculty publications increased, and the percentage of clinical faculty trained in research and scholarship skills increased across the 5 years. Important lessons learned during the harmonized transformation included the following: (1) key elements of the transformation need to be balanced as an ensemble, (2) cultural and organizational shifts take concerted effort and time, (3) embrace iteration: allow "bumps in the road" to propel the work forward, (4) transformation is financially feasible, (5) career research faculty can mutually benefit from clinical faculty engaging in scholarship, and (6) honor skepticism or disinterest and let people cultivate enthusiasm for research and scholarship rather than being forced.

Spiritual Therapies and Autolytic Behavior

"Can the Minnesota model and the 12-step program be an effective intervention model based on the religious and spiritual approach to reduce substance and alcohol consumption but also suicidal ideation? Can these programs also lead to increased quality of life and unconditional self-acceptance by study participants? In this study, we aimed to highlight the role of the Minnesota Model and the 12-Step Program used in reducing stress, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, increasing quality of life, and unconditional acceptance of oneself by participants in Alcoholics Anonymous groups in Constanta County. Another goal we set out was to compare the results obtained by the participants at the end of these programs, but also by comparing their results with the results obtained by the participants who make up a control group. Through this study, we aim to identify the most important predictors and include them in effective models for increasing the quality of life of alcohol addicts, as well as highlighting a relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidal ideation, before and after these two programs."

Patterns and temporal change of psychopathological symptoms among inpatients with alcohol use disorder undergoing a twelve-step based treatment

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) present an increased risk for experiencing severe internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Involvement in twelve-step based treatment programs, such as the Minnesota Model (MM), can contribute to improvement of an individual’s psychopathological symptom profile. The present study’s main objective was to examine profiles and change trajectories of psychopathological symptoms of AUD subgroups during an eight-week long period of MM treatment attendance. MethodInpatients with AUD (N = 303) who attended MM treatment programs participated in the present study. Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) was used to evaluate the psychopathological symptom change trajectories assessed by using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Multiple comparisons and multinomial logistic regression were performed to validate the subgroups. ResultsThree subgroups were identified: low severity (48.5%), moderate severity (35.2%), and high severity (16.2%) symptomatic subgroups. The moderate severity class demonstrated the largest effect in terms of symptoms decrease. Higher severity classes showed significantly higher rates of harmful alcohol drinking and drinking motives. ConclusionsThe present study identified three severity-based subgroups which indicate that psychopathology sits on a spectrum of severity among AUD patients. The findings highlight the associations between AUD and internalizing symptoms, negative reinforcement drinking motives, and the symptomatic improvement that can occur among those participating in MM treatment programs.

The Joint Safety Team at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities: A Model for Student-Led Safety

The Joint Safety Team (JST) was conceived in 2012 by the Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Chemistry at the University of Minnesota and the Dow Chemical Company as a model student-led safety organization. The JST initiative was aimed at improving academic safety through four core areas: compliance, awareness, resources, and education. Since its inception, the JST has taken great strides to develop a culture of peer-led safety at Minnesota. We describe the evolution of the structure of the organization over the last 8 years and the innovative methodologies employed by the JST to educate and evaluate safety in academic laboratories. The continuous efforts of the student members of the JST have enabled the organization to be recognized as a leader in peer-to-peer safety. The Minnesota model of “inform and reform” is now being adopted at other academic institutions to develop safety organizations emulating the JST.

The Minnesota Model: A Residency Global Health Track Framework.

Residency programs are increasingly responding to the growing demand for global health (GH) education by forming dedicated GH tracks. These tracks incorporate a targeted curriculum, support best practices surrounding GH electives such as predeparture preparation and post-return debriefing, and encourage meaningful engagement with international and domestic partners. The University of Minnesota's pediatric residency has had a formal GH track since 2005, and although they have shared several curricular components in the literature, they have yet to provide a comprehensive summary of their GH track. In this article, the authors provide a thorough description of their evolving GH track model, highlighting outcomes and sharing free resources, with the goal of providing a concise, replicable GH track framework for educators seeking to provide more formal GH education within residency programs.

Treating Anorexia as Addiction: A Case Study with 2-Years of Follow-Up

Purpose: The present study aims to report the clinical evolution of a patient with AN, without another substance use disorder, who followed 90-day residential treatment with the 12 Steps Minnesota Model and its subsequent two-year follow-up, during which she regularly attends Overeaters Anonymous (OA) groups. Methods: This case report follows the treatment of a 20-year-old female with anorexia nervosa. After 3 months of multidisciplinary treatment, low-doses of venlafaxine and trazodone were initiated. She expressed her decrease in rigidness at mealtimes, increased her weight and had a resumption of menses. She was committed with treatment and maintained her weight gain despite a single binge/purge relapse episode in this 2-year of follow-up. Results: The results obtained in this case suggest that, although purgative and self-injurious behaviours stopped during admission, weight gain was poor during admission and the first year of follow-up, as well as the reporting of improvements in concerns about her weight: it is not until the second year of follow-up that the patient manages to reach weight indicators that can be considered within the range of the norm. Regarding body shape, even though at the end of the second year she refers to greater acceptance, it continues to be a problem. Conclusion: In the case of a patient with AN, without another substance use disorder, the main changes produced regarding to weight gain and body shape acceptance occurred in the second year of follow-up, during which the patient regularly attended OA groups.

The Minnesota Model: A Clinical Assessment of Its Effectiveness in Treating Anxiety and Depression Compared to Addiction

The current study compared and assessed the effectiveness of the Minnesota model in reducing psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression among two groups: individuals with clinically diagnosed addiction only (n = 29) and individuals with clinically diagnosed anxiety/depression in the absence of addiction (n = 25). Anxiety and depression were measured using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9, respectively. Two one-way analyses of covariance found no significant differences in post-intervention anxiety and depression scores when comparing the addiction group and the anxiety/depression group (F(1, 51) = 0.075, p = 0.786 and F(1, 51) = 0.302, p = 0.585, respectively). Reliable change index calculations also indicated that both the addiction group and the anxiety/depression group exhibited clinically significant reductions in anxiety and depression following treatment. These findings are considered in light of key methodological limitations, and the theoretical and therapeutic implications are discussed.

Effectiveness of a national 'Minnesota Model' based residential treatment programme for alcohol dependence in Ireland: outcomes and predictors of outcome.

The aims of this study were (a) to examine the effectiveness of an inpatient treatment programme for alcohol dependence based on the 'Minnesota Model' and (b) to examine potential predictors of outcomes from such treatment. Demographics and data relating to psychosocial functioning of a group of individuals who commenced treatment for alcohol dependence were gathered at the point of treatment entry. These individuals were then followed up 6 months after they were to complete their inpatient treatment to establish their alcohol-related outcomes. Outcomes from treatment were identified as an index of treatment effectiveness and the outcome data were analysed to determine whether any of the baseline variables could be used to predict outcomes from treatment. Of those who were contacted at 6-month follow-up, 81.5% had a 'good outcome'. This represented 66.7% of the total group who participated in the study. The only variable that was found to predict outcomes at 6-month follow-up was severity of alcohol dependence at treatment entry, with more severe alcohol problems associated with poorer outcomes. This study provides evidence of the potential for a Minnesota-based treatment programme to be effective in helping people with alcohol dependence to reduce the amount of alcohol they consume and sustain this reduction beyond the treatment period.

Recovery-Focused Addiction Psychiatry: An Interview with Dr. Marvin Seppala

In 2012, Hazelden, the iconic exemplar of the Minnesota model of chemical dependency treatment, announced its decision to begin using naltrexone and buprenorphine as optional adjuncts in the treatment of opioid addiction. This shift in clinical philosophy at Hazelden garnered considerable professional and public attention. At the center of the ensuing debates was Dr. Marvin Seppala, chief medical officer of Hazelden Betty Ford. This interview conducted with Dr. Seppala in December 2014 explores his career as an addiction psychiatrist and discusses numerous issues related to the treatment of addiction, including the 2012 decision on medication-assisted treatment and how medications are being effectively integrated into 12-Step–oriented addiction treatment.

Offering an anatomy and physiology course through a high school-university partnership: the Minnesota model

This article describes a one-semester anatomy and physiology course that is currently offered through the concurrent enrollment program at the University of Minnesota. The article explains how high school teachers are prepared to teach the course and describes efforts to promote program quality, student inquiry, and experiential learning. Recommendations are made for anatomy and physiology instructors who are involved in similar endeavors.

OHP-003 Adherence and Drug-Related Problems in Breast Cancer Patients on Oral Endocrine Therapy

BackgroundThe breast cancer mortality rate is high among Brazilian women, a fact probably related to late diagnosis of this condition. Adjuvant endocrine treatment with tamoxifen for 5 years can increase...