Minimum Survival Rate Research Articles

Post-Space Disinfectants With Sodium Hypochlorite and Methylene Blue Loaded in Silver and Quartz Nanoparticles Activated by Photodynamic Therapy. A SEM Analysis.

Post-space disinfectants methylene blue loaded with silver (Ag) and Quartz nanoparticles (NPs) and MB alone activated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the survival of Enterococcus faecalis, smear layer (SL) removal efficacy, and extrusion bond strength (EBS) of fiber posts to canal dentin. Hundred mandibular premolars underwent root canal treatment using the rotary ProTaper system. The canals were obturated and post-space was prepared up to a length of 8 mm, maintaining a 5 mm seal. To assess antibacterial efficacy E. faecalis were inoculated in the canal (n = 20). The samples were then randomly allocated into four groups according to the canal disinfectant used to sterilize the canals. Group 1: 2.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA, Group 2: MB-PDT, Group 3: MB@QP-PDT, and Group 4: MB@AgNP-PDT (n = 25). SEM analysis was conducted on five samples from each disinfectant group to assess the removal of the SL. Survival rates were calculated (n = 5 from each group). Glass fiber post (GFP) was cemented to the root dentin of the remaining samples followed by artificial aging. Sectioning of the specimens was performed in all three-thirds of the canals. PBS was assessed followed by failure evaluation. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to compare the E. faecalis survival rate and PBS of fiber post among different investigated groups. Group 4 (MB@AgNP-PDT) treated canals exhibited the minimum survival rate (0.30 ± 0.04 CFU/mL) of E. faecalis and maximum PBS. However, the highest survival rate and minimum bond strength of GFP were observed in Group 1 (NaOCl+17% EDTA) and Group 2 (MB-PDT) treated teeth respectively. The highest SL removal was recorded in the coronal section of the samples of Group-4 disinfected with MB@AgNP-PDT. The lowest removal of SL was recorded in Group 2 samples sterilized with MB-PDT at apical one-third. Silver nanoparticles when utilized as nano-carriers to enhance the efficiency of MB activated by PDT, have been shown to exhibit the highest antimicrobial potency, improved capacity for SL removal and improved PBS.

Utilization of nanoemulsion to enhance antibacterial capacity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp essential oils against foodborne pathogenic bacteria

Essential oils (EOs) have promising applications as natural and environmentally friendly antimicrobial agents. Preparation of EOs into emulsions can improve the properties of EOs. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the antibacterial effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp essential oil (ZBEO) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Shigella boydii, and to determine the effect of nanoemulsions on antibacterial activity. ZBEO efficiently suppressed foodborne pathogenic bacteria, as determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration and survival rate. Based on analyses of bacterial morphology, the degree of leakage of proteins and nucleic acids, and lactate dehydrogenase activity, we found that ZBEO disrupted the integrity and permeability of cell membranes, resulting in the leakage of cellular contents and apoptotic cell death. Prepared ZBEO nanoemulsion (ZBEO-NE) had good dispersion and stability. Both ZBEO and ZBEO-NE inhibited the growth of S. aureus, E. coli, B. cereus, and Sh. boydii in mutton broth, and ZBEO-NE exhibited better inhibitory effects than those of ZBEO. These findings suggest that preparing EOs in the form of nanoemulsions improves the antibacterial properties of EOs, making them suitable for food applications.

Lactic acid bacteria with weak post-acidification potential applied for low-salt paocai fermentation: A perspective from screening to molecular mechanism

Reducing post-acidification is crucial for extending the shelf-life and facilitating industrial-scale production of low-salt paocai. This study aimed to screen and identify a lactic acid bacteria strain with weak post-acidification potential from 39 commonly used strains in vegetable fermentation. We employed transcriptomic and metabolite analysis to investigate the mechanisms underlying the weak post-acidification traits of the selected strain. Notably, W. cibaria SC5R3 had a minimum survival rate at pH 4.5 by 39.02% and survival rate to pH 4.0 was only 1.82%. The incorporation of W. cibaria SC5R3 in low-salt paocai showed a low content of total titratable acidity and stable viable count during 8 days of storage at 25 °C, which also exhibited good sensory quality. Furthermore, W. cibaria SC5R3 exhibited significant down-regulation of genes associated with the hetero-fermentation pathway during late-stage fermentation, contributing to its weak acid-producing characteristic. The strain SC5R3 displayed deficiencies in the glutamate decarboxylase system, histidine synthesis, and aspartate metabolism, along with reduced H⁺-ATPase activity in acidic environments, making it sensitive to acid. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing low-salt paocai fermentation processes and improving product quality by minimizing acidity changes during shelf-life storage.

Oral cancer and salivary biomarkers in its early diagnosis: A review of literature

Oral cancer (OC), the sixth most common cancer, is one of the leading public health problems worldwide, which is mainly represented by oral squamous cell carcinoma. Smoking and alcohol consumption are considered risk factors for OC. The major hindrance regarding OC is delayed diagnosis at the advanced clinical stages (i.e., III or IV), which affects its morbidity and mortality rates with a minimum 5-year survival rate of 20%–25%. Recurrences and metastasis often occur in more than 80% of patients within the first 2 years, even after primary treatment. Although a histological investigation is available as the gold standard of OC diagnosis, the application of noninvasive methods, including liquid biopsy, has been the focus of recent studies. In cancer diagnosis and health surveillance, saliva as a noninvasive and cost-effective bio-fluid containing several biomarkers, including metabolites, circulating tumor and tissue-derived cells, cytokines, DNA, RNA, and exosomes, has promising potential. Therefore, the improvement of salivary biomarkers is an utmost need for early cancer detection, particularly in the oral cavity and oropharynx, which gained the interest of most researchers and clinicians. The current review aimed to discuss the emerging issues of the most recent data on salivary biomarkers with particular attention to the potential early detection markers in OC. In addition, we report our previous findings on salivary biomarkers and their clinical significance as potentials in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of OC.

Survivorship of discarded sole (Solea solea) characterised via telemetry, vitality, and physiology

While the discarding practices of commercial fisheries might greatly contribute to fish mortality, a better understanding of discard survival patterns and their drivers is crucial to assess fishing mortality and develop effective mitigation measures. Bottom trawling in particular is likely to induce multiple forms of stress in captured fish. In this study, we used three experimental methods to explore discard survivorship of the common sole (Solea solea). We focused on fish captured via a coastal bottom trawler of the Bay of Biscay and conducted sampling during commercial fishing operations. First, we used acoustic telemetry to determine the survival rate of 160 discarded soles. While this technique makes it possible to study discarded fish in their natural habitat, inferring fish fate from these data can be challenging, especially when acoustic receiver network coverage is fragmented. Second, we scored the vitality of the sole before their release. Third, we examined three plasma markers of fish physiological status over a 90-min period following capture. The method based on acoustic telemetry estimated a minimum discard survival rate of 41%. This metric was positively correlated to the vitality. Furthermore, both survival and vitality were associated to tow duration and the presence of algae in the catch consistently. The three physiological markers reflected the presence of various levels of stress and fatigue among discarded individuals, but also a fish’s ability to recover after being discarded. Individuals with excellent vitality (33% of discards in this study) suffered less stress, were less fatigued and, therefore, were greater equipped to react to other sources of stress than individuals in lower vitality. The consistency of the results demonstrates the reliability of our approach to estimate post-release survival from acoustic tagging even from fragmented network coverage, and that vitality can serve as a proxy for discard survivorship.

Punica granatum Peel Extract, Nano Chitosan, and Er: YAG on Canal Disinfection Against E. faecalis and Extrusion Bond Strength of Fiber Post to Radicular Dentin

Objectives: Canal disinfectants (Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI), Nano chitosan (NCS), Pomegranate peel extract (PPE), Er: YAG against E. faecalis and push out bond strength (PBS) of fiber reinforced composite (FRC) post to radicular dentin. Methods: Canals were prepared followed by obturation. Canal filling was performed up to 9 mm. Forty teeth were incubated with E. faecalis. The included specimens were allocated into 4 groups based on the irrigation. Group 1:2.5% NaOCl +17% EDTA, Group 2: Er: YAG +17% EDTA, Group 3: NCS +17% EDTA and Group 4: PPE +17% EDTA. E. faecalis survival rate was determined on the incubated samples. FRC post-bonding was performed on forty specimens and sectioned horizontally. PBS and failure mode analysis were performed using a UTM and stereomicroscope. Statistical tests were used to compare the means of PBS and the survival rate of E. faecalis. Results: Group 1 samples exhibited the minimum survival rate of E. faecalis. The highest survival rate was demonstrated by Group 4. The coronal third of Group 1 unveiled the maximum values of PBS. The apical section of Group 2 specimens showed the minimum bond integrity scores. Conclusion: Nano Chitosan proved to be potent as a canal disinfectant because it displayed antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis and PBS of fiber-reinforced composite post comparable to that of sodium hypochlorite.

Epidemiology and survival factors for sarcoma patients in minority populations: a SEER-retrospective study.

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated race as a predictor of worse oncological outcomes. To better understand the effect of race on oncological outcomes, we utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to determine what treatment courses are provided to minority patients and how this impacts survival. A retrospective review of bone and soft tissue sarcoma cases was performed using the SEER database for a minimum 5-year survival rate (SR) using Kaplan-Meier curves. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson's χ2 test and Cramer V. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine survival rates (SR) and Cox regression analysis was used to determine hazard ratios (HRs). Races that had an increased risk of death included Native American/Alaska Native (NA/AN) [hazard ratio (HR): 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.049-1.761, p = 0.020) and Black (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.091-1.256, p < 0.001). NA/AN individuals had the lowest SR (5-year SR = 70.9%, 95% CI: 63.8-78.0%, p < 0.001). The rate of metastasis at diagnosis for each race was 13.07% - Hispanic, 10.62% - NA/AN, 12.77% - Black, 10.61% - Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI), and 9.02% - White individuals (p < 0.001). There were increases in the rate of metastasis at diagnosis and decreases in rates of surgical excision for Hispanic and Black patients (p < 0.001). Race is determined to be an independent risk factor for death in NA/AN and Black patients with sarcomas of the extremities. Access to healthcare and delay in seeking treatment may contribute to higher rates of metastasis upon diagnosis for minority patients, and decreased rates of surgical excision could be associated with poor follow up and lack of resources.

Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty Utilizing an Acetabular Reinforcement Ring with a Metal Augment: A Minimum Eight-Year Follow-Up Study.

Background and Objectives: An acetabular reinforcement ring (ARR) with a structural allograft is conventionally used to treat large acetabular bone defects or discontinuity during revision hip arthroplasty. However, ARR is prone to failure due to bone resorption and lack of incorporation. Here, we investigated the surgical outcomes of the patients who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) using ARR combined with a metal augment (MA). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 10 consecutive patients who had a minimum 8-year follow-up after revision hip arthroplasty using ARR with MA in Paprosky type III acetabular defect. We collected patient demographics, surgical details, clinical scores (including Harris Hip Score (HHS)), postoperative complications, and 8-year survival rates. Results: Six male and four female patients were included. The mean age was 64.3 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 104.3 months (96.0-112.0 months). Trauma-related diagnosis was the most common reason for index surgery. Three patients underwent all component revision, and seven underwent cup revision. Six were confirmed as Paprosky type IIIA and four as type IIIB. The mean HHS at the final follow-up was 81.5 (72-91). One patient was diagnosed with prosthetic joint infection at the 3-month follow-up; therefore, the minimum 8-year survival rate with our technique was 90.0% (95% confidence interval, 90.3-118.5%). Conclusions: The satisfactory mid- to long-term results of revision THA suggest that ARR combined with tantalum MA is a viable revision option for treating severe acetabular defects with pelvic discontinuity.

Effect of Different Levels of Chlorogenic Acid on Growth Performance, Immunological Responses, Antioxidant Defense, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juveniles.

The current study is designed to assay the efficacy of chlorogenic acid (ChA) in the diet on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, serum immunological, biochemical, and antioxidant variables, and mucosal immune response as well as disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Rainbow trout juveniles received diets supplemented with different inclusion levels of ChA (0 (ctrl), 200 (CA1), 400 (CA2), 600 (CA3), and 800 (CA4) mg kg-1 diet) for 60 days. According to the findings, fish from CA3 and CA4 groups demonstrated the best results considering the final weight (FW) and weight gain (WG) (P < 0.05). Also, the group that received 600 mg kg-1 ChA-supplemented diet showed the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the highest specific growth rate (SGR) compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the minimum survival rate (SR) was only detected in the CA4 treatment (P < 0.05). Regression analysis exhibited that rainbow trout growth indices were polynomially linked to dietary chlorogenic acid concentrations. In this regard, the optimal levels of chlorogenic acid according to growth parameters (FCR and SGR) were 0.71 and 0.62 gr kg-1 diet, respectively. The results exhibited superior performance of protease and amylase activities in CA2, CA3, and CA4 groups with the maximum amount in the group receiving 600 mg kg-1 ChA-enriched diet (P < 0.05). Serum lysozyme (LYZ), immunoglobulin (Ig), and components 3 and 4 (C3 and C4) values of CA2, CA3, and CA4 groups were significantly higher than others with the highest amount in the CA3 group (P <0.05). Additionally, serum nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) value in the CA3 and CA4 groups and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the CA3 group were notably more than others (P < 0.05). Moreover, the lowest aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the highest total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) values were observed in CA3 treatment (P < 0.05). CA2 and CA3 groups demonstrated increased serum catalase (CAT) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) values compared to the control while the highest CAT and lowest MDA values were observed in CA3 treatment (P < 0.05). Considering mucus immunity, the significantly maximum LYZ and protease values were demonstrated in CA2 and CA3 groups, and the highest ALP, Ig, and esterase values were demonstrated in the CA3 group. In comparison with the control, the mortality rates of the groups that received the ChA diets were remarkably (P < 0.05) lower postchallenge with Y. ruckeri, and the highest survival and relative percentage of survival (RPS) (P < 0.05) belonged to the CA3 group. Results obtained from the current study suggested ChA as a functional dietary additive to raise growth parameters, immune indices, antioxidant capacity, and resistance to disease in rainbow trout.

Auto diagnostic system for detecting solitary and juxtapleural pulmonary nodules in computed tomography images using machine learning

Lung cancer is one of the most serious cancers in the world with the minimum survival rate after the diagnosis as it appears in Computed Tomography scans. Lung nodules may be isolated from (solitary) or attached to (juxtapleural) other structures such as blood vessels or the pleura. Diagnosis of lung nodules according to their location increases the survival rate as it achieves diagnostic and therapeutic quality assurance. In this paper, a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CADx) system is proposed to classify solitary nodules and juxtapleural nodules inside the lungs. Two main auto-diagnostic schemes of supervised learning for lung nodules classification are achieved. In the first scheme, (bounding box + Maximum intensity projection) and (Thresholding + K-means clustering) segmentation approaches are proposed then first- and second-order features are extracted. Fisher score ranking is also used in the first scheme as a feature selection method. The higher five, ten, and fifteen ranks of the feature set are selected. In the first scheme, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used. In the second scheme, the same segmentation approaches are used with Deep Convolutional neural networks (DCNN) which is a successful tool for deep learning classification. Because of the limited data sample and imbalanced data, tenfold cross-validation and random oversampling are used for the two schemes. For diagnosis of the solitary nodule, the first scheme with SVM achieved the highest accuracy and sensitivity 91.4% and 89.3%, respectively, with radial basis function and applying the (Thresholding + Kmeans clustering) segmentation approach and the higher 15 ranks of the feature set. In the second scheme, DCNN achieved the highest accuracy and sensitivity 96% and 95%, respectively, to detect the solitary nodule when applying the bounding box and maximum intensity projection segmentation approach. Receiver operating characteristic curve is used to evaluate the classifier’s performance. The max. AUC = 90.3% is achieved with DCNN classifier for detecting solitary nodules. This CAD system acts as a second opinion for the radiologist to help in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of scheme I (SVM) and scheme II (DCNN) showed promising results in comparison to other published studies.

Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius LN12 in Combination with Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin on Helicobacter pylori Biofilm In Vitro.

Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent and harmful gastrointestinal pathogen. Antibiotic resistance and biofilm complexity have led to a decrease in the cure rate. Probiotics are considered to be an adjuvant therapy for clinical Helicobacter pylori infections. However, there is no substantial explanation for the adjuvant role of probiotics on H. pylori biofilm. In this study, the effects of probiotics in combination with amoxicillin (AMX) and clarithromycin (CLR) on H. pylori biofilms were explored in vitro for the first time. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) for H. pylori was determined by the microbroth dilution method, and the plate counting method was used to determine the minimum biofilm removal concentration (MBEC) and survival rate for H. pylori biofilm. The biofilm structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), protein and polysaccharide contents in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were determined by the Bradford method and the phenol-sulfate method, respectively. The gene expression levels of cagA and vacA were evaluated by real-time qPCR. Among the ten H. pylori strains, the clinical strain 3192 showed the strongest film-forming ability, the 3192 biofilms significantly improved the resistance to AMX and CLR, and AMX and CLR showed antagonistic effects on planktonic 3192 cells. When the Lactobacillus salivarius LN12 cell-free supernatant (CFS) was in combination with AMX and CLR, the 3192 biofilm structure was destroyed to a greater extent than when separately; more biofilm biomass and protein in EPS was decreased; and the downregulation effect of the virulence gene vacA was also greater than that of single use. In this study, we suggest that the addition of LN12 to AMX and CLR may enhance the therapeutic effect of triple therapy, especially for the treatment of H. pylori biofilms.

Improvement of pomegranate (punica granatum l.) to cold resistant through in vitro mutation

In Kazakhstan, a large pool of fruit trees is grown, one of which is the pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). The most significant limiting factor of pomegranate cultivation in Kazakhstan is the frosty winter, as well as low temperatures in spring and autumn. In order to obtain mutants resistant to low positive temperatures, chemical mutagenesis was used, with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as the mutagen. Callus was treated with mutagen in vitro culture. In the Akdona cultivar, the survival rate of callus was 25.45% at the concentration of 3 µM of EMS mutagen, 31.67% at the concentration of 6 µM, and 24.35% at 9 µM. Plant regeneration was induced from mutagen-treated calluses. The resulting plants were exposed to low positive temperatures (4°C, for 30 days). After exposure to cold, the maximum survival rate of mutant plants of the Akdona cultivar was 58%, and the minimum survival rate was 3% for plants of the Pg1 line. The resulting mutant pomegranate plants will be used for breeding for cold resistance.

The Perception of Medical Students at King Abdulaziz University Hospital Regarding the Liver Transplant Allocation System

Background: The benefit of liver transplantation is not only to increase the patient’s lifetime but also for persistent relief of pain and anxiety. Shortage of the organ is the main hindrance of transplantation around the world, leading authorities to pass a general law for the reasonable distribution of organs and come up with the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) system which scores the severity of liver disease and risk of mortality in order to detect the mechanism of allocation. Objective: This study aims to assess medical students’ perception of the liver transplant and allocation system.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 402 medical students at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Results: The majority of the medical students (84.4%) believed that a successful liver transplant improves both lifetime and quality of life. Most of the students also saw that the minimum survival rate should be five years after transplantation and that the patient should recover to be at least ambulatory, even if restricted by strenuous physical activity. When asked whether urgency or prospect of success defined a successful transplant, most of the students who chose urgency were preclinical (50.7%), while the prospect of success was the dominant answer chosen by students in their clinical years of study (66.1%).Conclusion: The criteria determining the success of a liver transplant include a gain in both lifetime and quality of life. The majority of respondents wanted the capacity to benefit to be considered in the liver allocation system.

Using acoustic telemetry to estimate post-release survival of undulate ray Raja undulata (Rajidae) in northeast Altantic

The landing obligation introduced in the reform of the European Union Common Fisheries Policy requires landing all catches of species under quota. However, exemptions may be granted for species for which “scientific evidence demonstrates high survival rates”. Captivity experiments are often used to determine fish survival rates, but they are difficult to perform for large species such as rays due to the limited storage capacity of tanks. Thus, little information is available on ray survival after release despite an identified potential for high survival. We used acoustic telemetry to study rays discarded from a coastal bottom trawl fishery in their natural environment and present a new ad hoc approach to derive a minimum survival rate. After capture under commercial conditions in a semi-enclosed bay, 144 rays were tagged with a miniature acoustic transmitter. Survival was assessed based on detections from 15 acoustic receivers deployed in the area and a mobile reception antenna. Then, combining detection data with information on currents provides useful results from a management perspective, as at least 49% of the rays were found to have survived the first 14 days after released, and because the only factor identified that likely decrease survival (i.e. smaller individuals) cannot be improved easily by changing fishing practices.

Transformation and confirmation of GUS gene expression in Solanum melongena L. of PLR 1 cultivar

In the present study GUS gene transformation was carried out in eggplant using Agrobacterium strain with pBAL2 vector harboring gus gene and nptII as selection marker gene. The factors which are affecting (enhancing) the frequency of transient gus gene expression are different physical and biochemical variables has been carried out. It is observed that the 4 day precultured explants showed the minimum survival rate in the medium when compared with 2-day co cultivated medium. The explants which had undergone co-cultivation for 4 to 5 days showed GUS activity, the tissues were adversely affected due to the overgrowth of bacteria. The gene specific primers for nptII and gus gene were used for amplification and it has given 680bp and 1.9 kb amplified fragments respectively and recorded. The band was detected in the selected plants, but it was absent from the negative control (non-transformed) plant in the Southern hybridization. Our experiment showed 0.80-1.60 percentage of efficiency in transformation. With a total of 849 infected shoots were undergone confirmation tests which results 9 PCR positives (1.06% efficiency). The Transformant kept in the Environmental Growth Chamber and transferred to field condition subsequently.

Systematic review: lack of evidence for the success of revision arthroplasty outcome in younger patients.

Total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in younger patients are becoming increasingly popular. However, the outcome of subsequent revisions in younger patients is not well known and, therefore, their success (subsequent revision prosthesis survival) might be overestimated. We investigated available data on the outcome of primary- and subsequent revision THAs performed in the same cohort of patients who underwent primary THA under the age of 50. Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) were searched up until April 13, 2016 for studies that reported both the survival of primary and subsequent revisions THA of single cohorts of patients younger than 50. Eligible articles had to include Kaplan Meier analysis or competing risk analysis for survival of the primary THA at a mean follow-up of 10 years, as well as for the subsequent revision THA within the same cohort. We found 4,799 unique records; 43 of which were potentially eligible. Only 1 paper met our inclusion criteria. It reported on the survival of 69 primary prostheses at a mean of more than 10 years follow-up and 13 subsequent revisions. There is a clear lack of evidence about the outcomes of the revision arthroplasty in younger patients. Only 1 study reported the survival-rate of subsequent revision arthroplasty with the minimum 10-year survival rate of the original THA cohort. In the future, this serious lack of knowledge could result in a large number of patients with no further reconstructive options after failed THA, and a large medical burden for society.

Personalized Medicine for Metal on Metal Hip Resurfacing: Predictors for the 10 Years Success of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing

Background: Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty was introduced to preserve patients’ bone and facilitate revision surgery. This prospective cohort study aims to determine a prognostic model (OsBHR) to predict which patient and surgeon related factors predict better long term implant survival for the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR). Methods: Between 1997 and 2002, details of 4490 patients (4945 hips) treated by hip resurfacing arthroplasty using the BHR prosthesis were entered in a prospective international registry and available for analysis. Implant survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and a shared frailty proportional hazard model was used to determine predictors of implant revision. Results: prognostic equation suggested a minimum diameter of 50 mm should be used for male and 52 mm for female patients to ensure a minimum 10-year survival rate of 95% for in procedures performed by an average surgeon. Conclusion: Implant survival at ten years and beyond strongly depends on component size and gender, varies between surgeons but is little affected by patient age. The OsBHR predictor allows a personalized estimated survival at ten years based on pre-operative variables.

Location, capacity and capability design of emergency medical centers with multiple emergency diseases

This paper studies the location, allocation and capacity design of emergency medical centers (EMC) in a given region under the closest assignment rule. It is assumed that for each EMC candidate center the capability and initial capacity on each category of treatable medical diseases are provided. Selected medical center receives a prescribed amount of subsidies from the government in return for the offering of medical services at a competitive cost. It is further assumed that with additional subsidies EMC candidate center can not only enlarge its capacities for treatable medical diseases but also newly begin medical treatment for the diseases not included in the original capability. The number of patients of each patient group node during a unit time is assumed to be known along with the categories of their diseases. The problem is formulated as an integer program (IP) with the objective of minimizing the total amount of subsidies paid by the government. We select from among a set of candidate EMCs satisfying minimum desired survival rate constraints and determine both the capability and capacity of each EMC. The CPLEX version 12.4 is used to derive an optimal solution. Hybrid genetic algorithm was developed as a solution procedure for generating near-optimal solution. In addition, simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed deterministic models in a stochastic context.

Survival Rates for Breast Cancer in Iranian Patients: a Meta- Analysis.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. Since development of the disease in Iranian women occurs relatively early, the survival rate matters considerably. In different countries, survival of breast cancer patients varies considerably. Therefore, the one-year, three-year, five-year, and ten- year survival rates for breast cancer in Iran were assessed using a meta-analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on valid Iranian sources including SID, MAGIRAN and IRANMEDEX, along with reliable English databases, namely, PUBMED and SCOPUS. In domestic databases, a search was conducted based on key words of breast cancer and survival rate, and in international databases, with "breast cancer" and the equivalent of "neoplasm" of Mesh Word, "survival rate" and "Iran. " Then all reviewed papers and theses which met the inclusion criteria were selected for investigation. To conduct the analysis STATA 11.2 software and random-effects models were used. In 24 studies, 22,745 participants were included. The one-year, three-year, five-year and ten-year survival rates were 0.956, 0.808, 0.695 and 0.559, respectively. The minimum and maximum survival rates for 5-years were 0.48 and 0.87. The average age of the onset of the disease was 48.3. As in Iran, since the onset of the disease is at low age, in spite of the relatively high survival rate as compared to other cancers, prevention and screening programs at early age for early stage diagnosis seems necessary.

Circadian-time dependent tolerance and haematological toxicity to isoniazid in murine

IntroductionIsoniazid (INH) is a widely used drug in the prophylaxis and treatment of tuberculosis. In the present study, isoniazid (INH)-induced toxicity was investigated according to the dosing-time in the 24-h scale in mice. MethodsTwo studies were carried out on a total of 180 male Swiss mice synchronized for 3 weeks to 12-hour light (rest) and 12-hour dark (activity) cycle (L/D: 12/12). In the first study a potentially lethal dose of INH (180mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route at six different circadian-times: 1, 5, 9, 13, 17 and 21 hours after light onset (HALO). In the second one, a sublethal dose (120mg/kg) was administered at three circadian-times (1, 9 and 17 HALO) in order to evaluate the variation of haematological toxicity. Rectal temperature, body weight loss, survival (study 1) and complete cell count (study 2) were determined as toxicity endpoints. The Cosinor and ANOVA methods were used for the data statistical analysis. ResultsThe Cosinor analysis of rectal temperature time series prior to treatment validated a circadian rhythm, which demonstrates that mice were well synchronized. Following INH injection, rectal temperature increased in all the six circadian stages at days 2 and 3. Body weight loss varied from −12% at 1 HALO to −7% at 13 HALO (P<0.001). The 24-h mean of mortality induced by INH was 38%. Such lethal toxicity varied according to the circadian dosing-time. Maximum (60%) and minimum (20%) survival rates were observed when INH was administered at 9 and 1 HALO respectively. The highest survival time (25 days) occurred when INH was injected at 9 HALO while the lowest survival time (7 days) occurred when INH was given at 1 HALO. The decrease of haematological variables (cytopenia) was dependent on the circadian dosing-time (P<0.001). The least haematological toxicity illustrated by leukopenia index, anaemia and thrombocytopenia was observed in the middle of the second half of the light-rest phase (9 HALO).