Minimum Order Research Articles

Theoretical study on divergence problems of single reference perturbation theories

Divergences of the single reference perturbation theories due to the addition of diffusion basis functions have been investigated for both closed-shell and open-shell molecular systems. It is found that the oscillatory range of perturbation energies of open-shell systems increases as the spin multiplicity of systems changes from 2 to 4. Feenberg transformation is exploited to treat the divergence problems. It is found numerically that within the interval of Feenberg parameter there exists a minimum perturbation order at which the perturbation series become convergent. It is also found for the open-shell systems that the magnitude of the corresponding Feenberg parameter becomes larger as the spin multiplicity of the system of interest changes from 2 to 4.

Recurrence Relations for the Moments of Minimum Order Statistics from Exponential Distribution

In this paper, certain recurrence relations for the moments of minimum order statistics of a random sample of size n arising from exponential distribution are obtained. The usefulness of these relations in evaluating the moments of exponential minimum order statistics is also discussed.

PERLAKUAN PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI (PPN) ATAS DEBIT NOTE EKSPOR JASA KENA PAJAK

This study was conducted to determine about the debit notes is a taxable and tariffs 10% ( ten percent ) on export of taxable service if it is reviewed by taxable supplies, and to determine the treatment of VAT on Debit Note reviewed by the concept of destination principle and to determine whether it is acceptable in tax regulation of Indonesia if It’s issued a Debit Note for collecting of company income and to estimate how much penalties arise. This study used qualitative methods with qualitative descriptive analysis. The object of research is based on data available at the company that is secondary data. Data collection techniques are Library research.The results of data processing that the Debit Note is an taxable of VAT. In terms of destination Principle Debit Note is taxable to VAT 0 % (Zero Percent) for the shipping charge, the Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) charge and cancel orders charge / penalty fees. Debit Note Billing mechanism is allowed in tax regulation as long as there is a document whose position equivalent to tax invoice for canceled order charge/penalty fees, but charge for shipping and the Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) charge don’t allow in the tax regulation because it is non-compliance of the material terms of the tax invoice. As a result of the Debit Note that issued raised the sanctions of Article 14 paragraph (2) of general provisions and taxation procedures for 2 % of the tax base.Based on the suggested better in making commercial document to charge must analyze aspects of taxation in order to prevent tax penalties in this case to issue Debit Note need to create a document that is equivalent to a Tax Invoice because mechanism of the Debit Note is taxable of VAT.

Bistable laminates with non-cylindrical curved shapes

Thermally-cured fiber-reinforced polymeric laminates can exhibit bistable cylindrical shapes when their plies are configured orthogonally. Such “cross-ply” laminates have been studied extensively through modeling and experiments. However, bistable laminates with non-cylindrical shapes, especially through non-orthogonal ply orientations, have received little attention due to inherent design limitations. This paper presents an approach for developing non-cylindrical curved shapes based on bistability in mechanically-prestressed laminates; prestress is applied by laminating prestrained fiber-reinforced elastomeric laminae on either face of an initially stress-free isotropic layer. An analytical laminated-plate model is developed based on strain energy minimization and stable shapes are calculated for various orientations of the prestrained laminae. The modeled shapes are in agreement with the measured shapes of physical rectangular laminates within 11%. The minimum polynomial order for the calculation of non-cylindrical shapes is fourth; a simplified constitutive model for prestrained-elastomers is developed to reduce computation time. The domain of bistability is investigated taking into account the combined effect of prestrain orientation and the ratio of prestrains, laminate size, and aspect ratio. Modeling of snap-through actuation requirements shows that actuation effort is maximum when one of the prestressed laminae is on a diagonal and the angle between prestrains is 45°.

Digital Food Delivery Apps Revolutionizing Food Products Marketing in India

Food delivery aided through digital apps has emerged as one of the fast-growing developments in the e-commerce space. The advent of digital tools has bestowed a different outlook on the food industry. Consumers today have the privilege to choose from a variety of cuisines, anywhere, anytime from a range of food providers listed in the e-commerce space. Added attractions like no minimum order value and the multitude of payment options like net banking, digital wallets, and cash on delivery all have increased the consumer convenience. Shrinking urban-rural divide with easy access to smartphones has hastened the growth and acceptance of online food delivery systems. Companies have remodelled their business strategies on a modern day digital platform to keep pace with the customer’s changing needs and preferences. In this paper, we particularly examine the growth and relevance of digital apps in the food delivery systems run by the food providers particularly fast food companies in India and a few strategies which could be adopted by them for sustainable business in the days to come.

A Two-Echelon Inventory System with a Minimum Order Quantity Requirement

In this paper, we study a two-echelon inventory system with one warehouse and multiple retailers, under the setting of periodic review and infinite horizon. In each period, retailers replenish their stocks from the warehouse, and the warehouse in turn replenishes from an external supplier. Particularly, as stipulated by the supplier, there is a minimum order quantity (MOQ) requirement for the warehouse. That is, the warehouse must order either none or at least as much as the MOQ. To investigate this system analytically, we assume retailers adopt the base-stock policy, and we design for the warehouse a new heuristic ordering policy, called refined base-stock policy, which conforms to the MOQ requirement. Moreover, in the case of shortages, we assume the warehouse adopts a virtual allocation policy, and therefore the orders for individual units are filled in the same order as the original demands at the retailers. To evaluate the long-run average system cost exactly, we present a position-based cost-accounting scheme, in which the cost associated with each unit is assigned to its first position at the warehouse. We also derive lower and upper bounds of the inventory parameters, facilitating the search for the optimal policy that minimizes the long-run average system cost.

Assessing the potential of additive manufacturing for the provision of spare parts

AbstractSpare parts are a particularly interesting application for switching production from traditional manufacturing (TM) to additive manufacturing (AM). Research assessing AM has primarily addressed cost models centering on the production process or the operations management of separate spare parts. By combining case study, modeling, and design science elements, we adopt a holistic perspective and develop a design to examine the systematic leverage of AM in spare parts operations. Contextually grounded in problems faced by a leading material handling equipment manufacturer that is challenged by common characteristics of after‐sales operations, we engage with practice to propose a portfolio level analysis examining the switchover share from TM to AM. Using a data set of 53,457 spare parts over 9 years, we find that up to 8% of stock keeping units (SKUs) and 2% of total units supplied could be produced using AM, even if unit production costs are four times those of TM. This result is driven by low demand, high fixed costs, and minimum order quantities in TM. Finally, we present the evaluation by the case company's management and highlight five areas of opportunity and challenge.

The Impact of Tax and Transfer Pricing on a Multinational Firm's Strategic Decision of Selling to a Rival

We consider an integrated multinational firm (MNF) who produces a product in a low‐tax country and sells it in a high‐tax country. The global firm faces the decision of whether to sell the product (and at what price) to an external rival in the retail market who has an alternative outside sourcing option. Using a Cournot competition model, we show that two salient elements of the global tax planning—namely the tax rate disparity and the regulatory restrictions on transfer pricing between the MNF's low‐tax and high‐tax divisions—have significant impacts on the MNF's decision of selling to the rival. We find that when the tax rate disparity is low, the MNF will sell, but only to a low‐cost rival, a result that is in‐line with the traditional understanding in a tax‐free setting. However, when the tax rate disparity is high, the outcome of selling or not reverses: the MNF will sell only to a high‐cost rival. We also find that under the requirement of minimum order quantity, the MNF may sell to the rival at a price even higher than the latter's alternative sourcing cost. Another interesting finding of our analysis is that the regulatory restriction on transfer pricing may bring benefit rather than burden to the global firm.

MODEL ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ) DAN MODEL OPTIMISASI ROBUST DALAM PENENTUAN PERSEDIAAN ALAT SUNTIK (SPUIT)

The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the minimum order quantities and the supply cost through Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Model without Stock Out, EOQ Model with Buffer Stock, and Robust Optimization. EOQ model without Stock Out is an inventory model with a fixed number of requests and a fixed period of demand so the goods are considered always available or there is no stock out. Whereas EOQ Model with Buffer Stock is an inventory model with uncertainty demand during the lead time that described with a uniform density function. Another model is Robust Optimization Model that is used for cases with uncertainty demand. The results showed that the minimum order quantities through EOQ Model without Stock Out and EOQ Model with Buffer Stock was almost the same value but the cost was more minimum with the EOQ Model with Buffer Stock. Whereas, through the Robust Optimization Model there are different minimum order quantities for each period with a minimum supply cost compared to the two previous models. This occurs in both types of Spuit, namely Spuit Terumo 3 mL and Spuit Terumo 5 mL.

Identifying Codes in the Complementary Prism of Cycles

We show that an identifying code of minimum order in the complementary prism of a cycle of order n has order 7n/9 + Θ(1). Furthermore, we observe that the clique-width of the complementary prism of a graph of clique-width k is at most 4k, and discuss some algorithmic consequences.

Optimization Model in Logisticts Planning and Supply Chain

The progress and success of the company can be seen from the consumer’s response to production from all aspects of each company’s activities and is a key success factor. In this case describes the problem of supply chain optimization from the perspective of providing logistics including a mathematical model of cost optimization for supply chains in the form of MILP (Mixed Integer Linear). Production, transportation and distribution costs are chosen as optimization criteria. Time, volume, capacity and mode of transportation are also taken into account. The model was developed based on supply chain management theory to achieve the lowest cost, responsive and to achieve common goals. The results state that product inventories, loading patterns, modes of transportation, and minimum order quantities significantly affect the total logistics costs. Shorter production processing time, and produce optimal solutions. However, the right limits must be carefully defined to get a viable solution.

On the Performance of Transmuted Logistic Distribution: Statistical Properties and Application

In this article we transmute the logistic distribution using quadratic rank transmutation map to develop a transmuted logistic distribution. The quadratic rank transmutation map enables the introduction of extra parameter into its parent model to enhance more flexibility in the analysis of data in various disciplines such as biological sciences, actuarial science, finance and insurance. The mathematical properties such as moment generating function, quantile, median and characteristic function of this distribution are discussed. The probability density functions of the minimum and maximum order statistics of the transmuted logistic distribution are established and the relationships between the probability density functions of the minimum and maximum order statistics of the parent model and the probability density function of the transmuted logistic distribution are considered. The parameter estimation is done by the method of maximum likelihood estimation. The flexibility of the model in statistical data analysis and its applicability is demonstrated by using it to fit relevant data. The study is concluded by demonstrating that the transmuted logistic distribution performs better than its parent model.

Fixed Order Interval Model for Multi Item Single Supplier Considering Lifetime and Minimum Order Quantity

This paper presents of a material procurement model for multi-item single supplier material considering the life time and minimum order quantity. Procurement of several types of material (multi items) is carried out simultaneously from one supplier with consideration of the savings in ordering costs. The problem is when the order must be performed simultaneously, and how much material must be ordered to obtain a minimum total cost. The cost variables considered in this model are purchase costs, ordering costs, storage costs, and expired cost. This modeling was inspired by a real case found in a manufacturing company located in Bandung. Facts in the field show there were frequently waste due to material has expired. This happens because the material age is relatively short, while the order size must follow the minimum quantity stipulated by the vendor or supplier. Until now the authors have not found a model which fits to this case. However the authors found several articles which have similarities to, and the authors made it as comparison. The developed model departs from the basic model which be developed by several experts. The author modified little bit by adding the cost variable such as the expired cost. Then the authors engaged the model with completely algorithm. This model is a continuation of the single item model developed by Arifin D, and Charisma C, which has been presented and published in the IEOM Conference Proceedings 2018.

The oriented chromatic number of edge-amalgamation of cycle graph

<p>An oriented <span class="math"><em>k</em> − </span>coloring of an oriented graph <span class="math"><em>G⃗</em></span> is a partition of <span class="math"><em>V</em>(<em>G⃗</em>)</span> into <span class="math"><em>k</em></span> color classes such that no two adjacent vertices belong to the same color class, and all the arcs linking the two color classes have the same direction. The oriented chromatic number of an oriented graph <span class="math"><em>G⃗</em></span> is the minimum order of an oriented graph <span class="math"><em>H⃗</em></span> to which <span class="math"><em>G⃗</em></span> admits a homomorphism to <span class="math"><em>H⃗</em></span>. The oriented chromatic number of an undirected graph <span class="math"><em>G</em></span> is the maximum oriented chromatic number of all possible orientations of the graph <span class="math"><em>G</em></span>. In this paper, we show that every edge amalgamation of cycle graphs, which also known as a book graph, has oriented chromatic number less than or equal to six.</p>

Suppliers selection problem with quantity discounts and price changes: A heuristic approach

This paper addresses a complex suppliers selection problem with multiple products, considering minimum package quantities, minimum order values related to delivery costs and discounted pricing schemes. Its main contribution is to present an integer linear programming (ILP) model for this suppliers selection problem as well as a model to analyse the impact of prices change. Furthermore, a hybrid heuristic and a genetic algorithm to obtain feasible solutions for this problem are presented. Several randomly generated examples are solved by using the above two models and the heuristic approaches. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the genetic algorithm and allow to realize which are the most important decisions in the suppliers selection problem.

Design Procedure for Linear Unknown Input Functional Observers

This paper considers an iterative procedure to design a minimum possible order unknown input functional observer for linear time-invariant systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the observer are given. The proposed procedure is simple and is based neither on the solution of a generalized Sylvester equation nor canonical forms. This procedure can be easily implemented due to its incremental form. The main feature of our procedure is then the simplicity of the design. Moreover, in the case of a single functional to be observed, a minimum order stable linear unknown input functional observer is obtained.

Jahn-Teller effect enhanced by spin-orbit coupling. From theory to Experiment:Example of niobium tetrachloride NbCl4

The ground and lower-lying excited electronic states of NbCl4 molecule were systematically studied by the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and multiconfigurational quasi-degenerate second-order perturbation (MCQDPT2) methods. Scalar-relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) have been taken into account employing the third-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH) Hamiltonian and full Breit-Pauli operator, respectively. The high-symmetrical Td structure with spin-orbit ground 2G3/2 state undergoes Jahn-Teller distortion along all non-totally symmetric vibrational coordinates. As a result the compressed (2E1/2 state) and elongated (2E3/2 state) D2d structures correspond to minimum and first order saddle point on the lower sheet of adiabatic potential energy surface (APES). The height of the warping barrier in the trough of APES and the Jahn-Teller stabilization energy are 179 and 438 cm−1, respectively. For two-mode 2E⊗e Jahn-Teller problem the vibronic Schrödinger equation has been solved in the diabatic basis. It was shown, the topology of the lower sheet determined mainly the energies and wave functions ground and few low-lying vibronic levels. The original methodology of the simulation of gas-phase electron diffraction (GED) data was developed. This methodology is based on the analytic description of some APES numerically obtained. The computed radial distribution function and thermal average parameters were compared with the experimental GED data. A good agreement between experimental and theoretical results supports the reliability of the theoretical data.

Probing Trans-Electroweak First Order Phase Transitions from Gravitational Waves

We propose direct tests of very high energy first-order phase transitions, which are elusive to collider physics, deploying the gravitational waves’ measurements. We show that first-order phase transitions lying in a large window of critical temperatures, which is considerably larger than the electroweak energy scale, can be tested from advanced LIGO (aLIGO) and the Einstein Telescope. This provides the possibility to probe several inflationary mechanisms ending with the inflaton in a false minimum and high-energy first order phase transitions that are due to new scalar bosons, beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. As an important example, we consider the axion monodromy inflationary scenario and analyze the potential for its experimental verification, deploying the gravitational wave interferometers.

Considerations Regarding the Design of a Minimum Variance Control System for an Induction Generator

This paper presents a comparative analysis regarding a self-tuning minimum variance control system of a double-fed induction generator with load and connected to a power system through a long transmission line. A new complex nonlinear model describing this relationship between the induction generator, electrical consumer, transmission line, and power system is designed and implemented to simulate the controlled plant behavior. Starting from a simplified linear model of this complex plant, obtained through linearization of its nonlinear model around an operating point, the minimum variance control law design is performed by minimizing a cost criterion function. The main goal and also the paper novelty consists of the identification of a minimum order of this linearized model used to design a reduced order control law, which can still provide good control performance.

Propagation of multiple Bessel Gaussian beams through weak turbulence.

The average intensity of the multiple Bessel Gaussian beams (mBGBs), which comprise the summation of the Bessel function and a Gaussian function, are investigated based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the Rytov theory. The weak turbulence just leads the mBGBs diverge and has no influence on the angular distribution of both the mean field and the average intensity. Therefore, the angular distribution of the average intensity depends on the average in the free space. When the order difference between any two sub beams of the mBGBs is the integer multiple of the minimum order difference, there are the symmetric side lobes of the average intensity distribution and its angular frequency is equal to the minimum order difference. Moreover, for the mBGBs with two sub beams, the initial phase change of the different sub beams could make the average intensity distribution rotate in opposite direction. This paper provides the theoretical basis for the investigation of the mBGBs propagation and the application of the sub beam detection and the beam multiplexing.