Minimum Energy Performance Standard Research Articles

A Study on Design Method of Synchronous Reluctance Motor Based on Nonlinear MEC Using Newton-Raphson Method

Recently, policies for carbon reduction are being implemented worldwide to solve environmental and energy consumption problems. Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) is a carbon reduction policy for reducing energy consumption by regulating the efficiency of industrial induction motors. The induction motors have a low manufacturing cost and a simple structure, and it can be operated without control and have great advantages in maintenance so it is applied in various industrial fields. However, compared with other types of motors, there is a limit to improving the efficiency due to the additional loss generated in the cage of rotor. Synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) are attracting the most attention as an alternative to an induction motor since they are composed of only a copper winding and a core, manufacturing cost and durability are excellent Moreover, unlike induction motors, there is no secondary loss; therefore, it is evaluated as a high-efficiency industrial motor corresponding to MEPS. However, because of their complex rotor shape composed of multiple barriers and segments, SynRMs are typically designed using finite-element analysis, requiring a significant amount of time and trial and error. In this paper, a basic design method for a synchronous reluctance motor based on a nonlinear magnetic equivalent circuit using the Newton-Rapson method is presented. Finally, the design method of the synchronous reluctance motor is validated through performance tests using a prototype.

Draft of the MEPS and HEPS for two-wheel electric motorcycles in Thailand

The objective of this study was to establish the draft of the minimum energy performance standard (MEPS) and high energy performance standard (HEPS) for electric motorcycles in Thailand. Type approval of the electric motorcycles was referred to the Regulation (EU) No 168/2013. The testing setup and procedure to measure the electric energy consumption were conducted following the Regulation (EU) No 134/2014. During the measurement in electric energy consumption, the tested electric motorcycle was run on the chassis dynamometer by following the ECE R47 driving cycle for the L1e-A and L1e-B sub-category, and the WMTC, stage 2 driving cycle for the L3e-A1 sub-category. The draft of MEPS/HEPS was established as 30.6/20.4 Wh/km, 42.8/26.4 Wh/km, and 57.9/36.8 Wh/km for a case of the L1e-A, L1e-B, and L3e-A1 electric motorcycles, respectively. In addition, if all electric motorcycles are promoted to qualify the HEPS, the nationwide electric energy saving potential will predicted to be 115,789,656 kWh throughout the Thailand’s energy saving plan during 2015–2036.

Optimization of energy performance with renewable energy project sizing using multiple objective functions

Energy demand profiling of varied stocks within the Faculty of Engineering is investigated, comprising of audit activities like the performance optimization of air-conditioners and other energy appliances. Using a newly-developed renewable energy (RE) calculator, standard energy performance methodologies, including cooling load analysis, energy audit and rating exercises, thermal comfort analysis, distributed power generation from wind turbine and solar photovoltaic module, are adopted. Based on a comprehensive energy audit exercise, areas of energy saving potential are observed. Also, the minimum energy performance standard of energy appliances for maximum human thermal comfort is assessed. Towards the possibility of integrating different sources of renewable energy into the Faculty of Engineering for alternative power supply, an open source widget toolkit based on Qt development environment is used to design a new renewable energy (RE) calculator, known as EnerghxPlus. A multiple objective function approach is proposed to properly evaluate all the key performance indicators simultaneously, thereby unveiling the existing gaps and identifying possible synergies and strategies in the estimation of the building life cycle. The regression of the data obtained from the segregated optimization approach shows a strong linear relationship (i.e., for the appliance audit, the coefficient of determination is approximately 84%; while the correlation coefficient is 0.92). It is anticipated that the application of the proposed methodologies to the multi-scale and multi-objective nature of the challenges in the optimization of energy demand in the built environment will address the uncertainties in previous modelling strategies.

Residential Energy Efficiency: Benefits of Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) Implementation for Television in Malaysia

A popular strategy for promoting energy efficiency at the national level is through the minimum energy performance standards (MEPS). Malaysia implemented MEPS in 2013 for five common household appliances; air conditioners, refrigerators, fans, televisions, and lamps. These products must undergo a performance test. Only products that meet the minimum standards are allowed to enter the Malaysian market. Based on their performance, ratings are awarded ranging from 2-star up to 5-star. A survey the authors conducted in 2017 found that about 98% of televisions sold in Malaysia have already achieved 5-star rating. This paper explores the implications of this finding and quantifies the possible savings that can be achieved in terms of electricity savings and emission reductions.

Draft of the MEPS and HEPS for hair dryer in Thailand

Each year, about a million new hair dryers has been sold in the Thailand’s market. Only safety standard is applied without the high efficiency performance standard (HEPS). This study is to setup the HEPS and minimum energy performance standard (MEPS) including the test method. First, market survey is done. By applying the Yamane statistic model, the number of sample are chosen and tested by the IEC 61855:2003 Household electrical hair care appliances – Methods of measuring the performance. It is found that for the hair dryer rated power equal or less than 1,300 Watt, 1,301- 1,900 Watt and 1,901 – 2,800 Watt, the MEPS are 5.9, 7.0 and 7.5 respectively. For the HEPS, they are 4.5, 5.4 and 5.7 respectively. If these figures is enforced, yearly potential saving will be 9,111,131 kWh.

Robust Speed Sensorless Control to Estimated Error for PMa-SynRM

Recently, the permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMa-SynRM) that can replace induction motor has been more studying because of the needs of the high efficiency motor development for minimum energy performance standard. PMa-SynRM requires the speed and position information of rotor to control motor correctly. However, sensor for rotor information has many problems such as mounting space shortage and the additional system cost. Therefore, in this paper, the speed-sensorless control based on reference model adaptive control is introduced to eliminate the sensor. And mechanical design is improved for control. The proposed method is verified by simulation.

A moral extension of the theory of planned behavior to predict consumers’ purchase intention for energy-efficient household appliances in Malaysia

Electricity consumption throughout the world has been rapidly increasing in past decades. However, the current investment trend is showing signs of power supply inadequacy. Hence, many countries have embraced energy efficiency as a partial solution to looming energy problems. In reality, many people are not replacing their household appliances with energy-efficient ones. The use of energy efficient products in Malaysia is still at unsatisfactory level. Hence, this study aims at closing the gap by applying the moral extension of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the determinants of consumers’ purchase intention for energy-efficient household appliances. A survey using self-administered questionnaires was administered to 210 consumers in Penang, Malaysia, and Partial Least Square (PLS) regression was used to test the hypotheses. The findings show that consumer’ more-favorable attitudes toward energy-efficient household appliances and perceived behavioral control significantly influence consumers’ purchase intention for such products. This study also proved the extension of moral norm in the classic theory of planned behavior to be a significant predictor for consumers’ purchase intention. Policy implications like creating awareness for Energy Star Labelling, enhancing Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) and the role of education in nurturing younger generations are addressed.

Status of High-efficiency Motor Technology and MEPS

Minimum Energy Performance Standard(MEPS) has been adapted in Korea since 2008. The efficiency standard of variable speed motors is scheduled for publication shortly. In this paper, author reviews the technical trends associated with a high efficient electric motors by reference to research papers, and reviews the research direction to prepare for IE5. This paper provides an overview of high efficiency motors. Various applications have been covered.

블로워용 IE3 유도전동기 대체 IE4 동기 릴럭턴스 전동기 고효율 설계 연구

In accordance with global energy conservation policies such as MEPS(Minimum Energy Performance Standard), electric motor industry is moving to super-high-efficiency machines and research to develop IE4 (International Energy Efficiency Class4) motors has been launched. In this situation, SynRM (Synchronous Reluctance Motor) has been attracting attention in place of induction motor which hardly provides super premium efficiency. As a result, much research on SynRM is being performed at home and abroad. Also, some products have already been appearing in the market. Compared to induction motor, SynRM has better efficiency per unit area and wider operating range. Although the utilization of control system in synchronous motor results in higher prices, we still need to concentrate on developments of SynRM so as to comply with the new policies. This study demonstrated the electromagnetic design methods of super-premium SynRM while maintaining the frame of existing IE3 induction motor for blower . We documented the design procedures for generating high saliency which is the most essential and mechanical stress analysis is also treated. In conclusion, we proved the validity of our design by manufacturing and testing our SynRM models.

Energy Efficiency: The Implementation of Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) Application on Home Appliances for Residential

Generally, Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) has been widespread across the country especially developed country. However, most consumers do not even know about the MEPS. Without sufficient knowledge, much energy have been wasted before this. The aim of this study is to review the implementation of MEPS of Asia country and to compare electricity consumption of home appliances with star rating and without star rating. In order to fulfil the objectives of the study, the equipment must be chosen correctly and must be learned properly. The home appliances that will be used also need to be chosen so that the comparison between the appliances will be matched correctly. To understand the results, the analysis was done using graphs and table. The purpose of using graph and table is to understand the comparison between appliances more clearly. The results show that home appliances with MEPS is more efficient on energy saving rather than without MEPS. This is the evidence as a method to educate a consumer on energy saving.

Standards and Labeling program for refrigerators: Comparing India with others

Energy efficiency levels for the Standards and Labeling (S&L) program in India for frost free (FF) refrigerators are compared with similar programs in China, United States of America (USA), and European Union (EU). A normalization method developed by International Energy Agency (IEA) is adopted with India as a benchmark for comparison. It is observed that the energy consumption level corresponding to minimum energy performance standard (MEPS) is very high in India. India also lags behind other countries on the consumption level corresponding to highest efficiency rating. Also, the range of consumption levels corresponding to a label is wide which dilutes the efficacy of label. India has aggressively proposed to tighten the ratings for FF refrigerators in 2014 by 36% across all the bands. This measure will make its highest efficiency rating comparable to other countries. However, due to the wide gap in the consumption levels across the ratings, the revised MEPS will still lag behind other countries. One possible outcome of high MEPS is that as the ratings are tightened, the market may move to lower star rated models significantly undermining the tightening effect.

Low Carbon Energy Policy Research

Case study of Korea, Low carbon energy efficiency labeling schemes (Energy Efficiency Label and Standard Program, High efficiency Appliance Certification Program, e-Standby Program) play a key role in carrying out the energy efficiency improvement policy in the appliances and equipment sector in Korea. Korea operates these Programs in an effort to improve energy efficiency in appliances and equipments. Mandatory energy efficiency standard which bans production and sales of low energy efficiency products which fall below the minimum energy performance standard. Ministry of Knowledge of Economy (MKE) and Korea Energy Management Corporation (KEMCO) is the key organizations in implementing energy efficiency standards and labeling. National energy efficiency efforts can be realized through energy efficiency improvements with the successful implementation of an energy efficient appliances dissemination policy and the phase out of low efficiency appliances. Through the implementation of the Energy Efficiency Label and Standard Program (1992), High-efficiency Appliance Certification Program (1996) and e-Standby Program (1999), significant energy efficiency improvements have been achieved, and 1.37 billion USD worth of energy savings.

Emission mitigation from implementation of minimum energy performance standard (MEPS) for TVs in Malaysia

This paper assesses the potential mitigation of emissions by implementing minimum energy performance standard (MEPS) for residential TVs in Malaysia. The ownership of TVs in Malaysian household has increased rapidly over the past three decades. The number has increased from 186,036 units in 1970 to 2,741,640 units in 1991 and is predicted to be about 7,292,931 units in the year 2015. To reduce energy consumption in the residential sector, the Department of Electricity and Gas Supply is considering implementing MEPS for TVs in the coming year. In this study the potential reduction of emissions as a result of implementing MEPS is calculated. It has been estimated that the implementation of MEPS for residential TVs would reduce approximately 57,837,060 kg of CO2, 351,114 kg of SO2, 164,609 kg of NO x and 34,777 kg of CO emissions during the standard period of 10 years. These emissions reduction will eventually enable us to control environmental impacts such as global warming.