Minimal Texture Research Articles

3D textured mesh scene data fusion method considering multiple scales and resolutions

ABSTRACT The fusion of 3D textured mesh scene data can effectively and seamlessly integrate multiple spatially related 3D geographical scene models into larger and more comprehensive datasets. Existing methods usually have different degrees of texture distortion and unreduced texture problems in the splicing area, and these methods do not consider the current situation of Level of Detail(LoD) data organisation in the 3D textured mesh model. We propose a 3D textured mesh scene data fusion method considering multiple scales and resolutions. First, seamless extraction of splicing areas was achieved based on spatial relationship constraints and orthogonal inverse projection principles. Second, the sparse scene structure concept was employed to generate sparse summary scene images. Finally, a dual simplification operator for both mesh and texture was proposed to construct multi-resolution 3D textured mesh models, simultaneously reconstructing triangular facets and textures within the splicing regions. We used multiple 3D textured mesh data constructed from aerial obliques to conduct data fusion experimental verification. The results indicate that our method exhibits minimal texture distortion during grid reconstruction in splicing areas and model simplification, effectively reducing the amount of simplified texture data. Additionally, our method adeptly addresses multilevel detailed 3D textured mesh models, demonstrating good feasibility and advancement.

Fracture behaviors and microstructure evolution of an Al–Mg–Mn-Sc-Zr alloy at elevated and cryogenic temperature

The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Al-5.8Mg-0.4Mn-0.25Sc-0.1Zr alloy were investigated across cryogenic temperatures (−196.15 °C ∼ −56.15 °C) and elevated temperature (room temperature ∼ 250 °C), with results indicating sensitivity of the alloy's mechanical properties to temperature. Firstly, the tensile test at elevated temperatures shows a decrease in strength and strain hardening exponent (n) due to thermal softening effects, while elongation increases and then decreases, peaking at 100 °C. Within the temperature range of −196.15 °C ∼ −56.15 °C, the yield stress (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and ductility tend to increase with the decreasing temperature gradually, which can be attributed to the decrease in lattice thermal vibration energy at low temperatures, resulting in an elevated external force requirement for dislocation motion. Meanwhile, throughout the entire high-temperature range, the alloy exhibits ductile fracture, with the number of dimples peaking at 100 °C. Differently, when the alloy is deformed at low temperatures, dislocations tend to accumulate within the grains, and with the grain boundaries acting as weak bonding areas between grains and experiencing significant stress concentration, the fracture mechanism gradually transitions from transgranular to intergranular fracture. Microstructural analysis at low temperatures shows minimal texture content changes, while at elevated temperatures, regular changes in texture components occur due to grain orientation rearrangement. Furthermore, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy was employed to investigate the evolution of precipitates at various temperatures, and the results shows that uniform and fine Al3(Sc1−x, Zrx) precipitates are distributed within the crystal, acting as effective dislocation pinning sites and leading to a uniform intragranular dislocation arrangement after tensile test at cryogenic temperature. Notably, after tensile test at higher temperatures, a few precipitates lose coherency with the matrix and started growing, which diminishing grain boundary pinning effect and promoting recrystallization.

Fabrication of hydrogen-bonded crosslinked hydrogel vitrimer with enhanced self-healing and printability via K+ induced low methyl apple pectin

Low methyl pectin, conventionally extruded as sols and shaped through Ca2+ post-curing, face complexity and high production costs, limiting their application in 3D printing. We developed apple pectin (AP) vitrimer inks with shear-thinning behavior at elevated temperatures and self-supporting properties at low ones, via pectin methyl esterase (PME) modification and K+ induction, aiming to facilitate simpler extrusion 3D printing. PME-modified AP (PME-AP) exhibits a higher affinity for K+ compared to AP, attributed to an 8.76 % reduction in the degree of methyl esterification and a 9.72 % increase in the degree of blockiness. Consequently, 1 % PME-AP forms a robust hydrogel vitrimer characterized by a hardness of 121.33 g and a water holding capacity of 99.50 % at 150 mM K+, a 68 % reduction in K+ concentration requirement over AP gels. Through electrostatic shielding, K+ induces hydrogen-bonded crosslinked vitrimers with stress relaxation within 53 s at 80 °C and self-healing properties with minimal texture reduction (~2 g). These characteristics suggest that the hydrogen bond crosslinked vitrimer network can dynamically reorganize in response to temperature variations, making PME-AP gel ideal for 3D printing applications. This study establishes the groundwork for cost-efficient AP-based extrusion 3D printing.

A real-time surface defects detection model via dual-branch feature extraction and dynamic multi-scale fusion attention

Surface defect detection is a challenging task in industrial manufacturing, and the detection method based on deep learning has become the mainstream trend in the industry. However, the task of detecting defects on transparent plastic bottles poses unique challenges due to their clear, smooth surfaces and minimal texture, which contribute to specular reflections and make small, low-contrast defects difficult to discern. To tackle these challenges, we introduce the BiD-YOLO framework, an advanced version of the YOLOv5 model, tailored for real-time surface defect detection on such substrates. This framework notably enhances the detection accuracy for small, low-contrast defects and minimizes miss rates. At its core, BiD-YOLO incorporates a dual-branch feature extractor (DBFE) that utilizes both standard, dilated convolutions and a specialized small-object feature extraction branch to capture a broad spectrum of contextual information, optimizing the detection of fine details. Additionally, the dynamic multi-scale pyramid fusion attention (DyMFA) block with coordinate attention (CA) effectively addresses the loss of information in small-scale defects—a typical shortfall in conventional attention mechanisms—thereby improving detection precision across both channel and spatial dimensions. To achieve an optimal balance between accuracy and computational efficiency, we introduce two versions of the dynamic multi-scale pyramid attention block: multi-scale pyramid channel attention and dynamic channel attention. We also curated and annotated the TPSD dataset, a specialized collection of images showcasing surface defects on transparent plastic bottles under diverse real-world production conditions. Together with the NEU-DET dataset, these resources were employed to validate the BiD-YOLO model's effectiveness. Experimental results demonstrate a substantial improvement in defect detection capabilities, achieving mean average precision (mAP) values of 63.1% and 85.6%, respectively. Moreover, the two working models exhibit FPS values of 47.23FPS and 50.21FPS respectively. These findings underscore the BiD-YOLO model's pivotal role in reducing oversight in defect detection, thereby enhancing quality control within industrial manufacturing environments. The BiD-YOLO framework represents a significant advancement in the automated detection of surface defects on transparent plastic bottles, merging innovative technical features with robust practical applicability for industrial use.

SID-SLAM: Semi-Direct Information-Driven RGB-D SLAM

This work presents SID-SLAM, a complete SLAM framework for RGB-D cameras. Our main contribution is a semi-direct approach that, for the first time, combines tightly and indistinctly photometric and feature-based image measurements. Additionally, SID-SLAM uses information metrics to reduce the state size with a minimal impact in the accuracy. Our evaluation on several public datasets shows that we achieve state-of-the-art performance regarding accuracy, robustness and computational footprint in CPU real time. In order to facilitate research on semi-direct SLAM, we record the Minimal Texture dataset, composed by RGB-D sequences challenging for current baselines and in which our pipeline excels.

Minimal Zee model for lepton g−2 and W -mass shifts

We present a unique Yukawa structure of the Zee model that can accommodate neutrino oscillation data, solves the muon ${g-2}$ problem, and explains the recent $W$ boson mass measurement. Our Yukawa structure is minimal in the sense that it contains the least possible number of parameters. In this minimal scenario, neutrino masses are quasidegenerate and are compatible with both normal and inverted orderings. The mixing angle $\theta_{23}$ is predicted to lie in the second (first) octant for normal (inverted) ordering. In both cases, the CP violating phase is close to 3$\pi/2$. The minimal texture also predicts a large branching fraction of the heavy neutral Higgs boson into a pair of electron and muon.

Technical Note: Scanner dependence of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction with 3D noise power spectrum central frequency and noise magnitude ratios.

In this study, the noise reduction properties of the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (IR) on two different CT scanners of 64 and 256-slice were compared and their differences were assessed. The homogeneous module of the ACR CT phantom was scanned on the 64 and 256slices CT scanners from the same vendor in the range of 15-40mA. On each scanner, the data were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and at all strengths of IR with the STANDARD kernel. For each reconstruction, a 3D noise power spectrum (NPS) was calculated and the central frequency ratio in the xy plane (CFRxy ), CFR in the z-direction (CFRz ), and noise magnitude ratio (NMR) were derived. CFR is the central frequency ratio of NPS between the denoised image and the FBP image, and NMR is the ratio of the areas under the NPS curves. Ideally, both CFRxy and CFRz should be near 1, indicating minimal texture changes in both xy and z directions, while NMR should be as close to 0 as possible, indicating more noise reduction. When comparing strengths with equivalent impact on noise texture, IR on the 64-slice reduced the noise magnitude in the xy plane more than that on the 256-slice. In the z-direction, the IR on the 256-slice produced a central frequency shift on the 256-slice but not on the 64-slice. In addition, the noise reduction effects of the IR on the 256-slice were affected when radiation exposure was below 2.0mGy, but there was no observable dose-dependence on the 64-slice. Our noise property analysis revealed that iterative reconstructions on different scanner platforms from the same vendor can be distinct, with unique effects on the noise texture and magnitude in CT images. The IR on a 64-slice scanner provides slightly enhanced noise reduction and maintains a noise reduction rate independent of dose, unlike the one on a 256-slice scanner. Notably, the IR on the 64-slice scanner was a 2D noise reduction technique (NRT), while the one on the 256-slice was a 3D NRT. These observations showcase the impact of different NRTs on clinical CT images, even when comparing the same NRT on different scanners.

Preservation of grape tomato by isochoric freezing

This study investigated the potential of isochoric freezing to preserve tomatoes. Isochoric freezing is an emerging technology that preserves biological matter at subfreezing temperatures without any ice damage. Isochoric freezing was compared with freezing under isobaric conditions and with preservation techniques used in the food industry: cold storage at 10 °C and individual quick freezing (IQF). Physicochemical and nutritional properties were evaluated weekly for four weeks. Preservation under isochoric conditions maintained the mass, color, nutrient content (ascorbic acid, lycopene and phenolics) and antioxidant activity of the fresh tomatoes. Also, isochoric preservation led to minimal texture damage. In comparison, mass loss of tomatoes stored at 10 °C for 3 weeks contributed to changes in overall visual quality and firmness as well as significant losses in nutrient content. The greatest mass, texture, and nutrients losses were obtained for tomatoes subjected to IQF and isobaric freezing. The results show that isochoric freezing has the potential to preserve tomatoes while maintaining physicochemical and nutritional properties similar to those of fresh tomatoes which might find application in the commercial preservation of tomatoes.

Fast image blending for high-quality panoramic images on mobile phones

This paper presents a fast image blending approach for combining a set of registered images into a composite mosaic with no visible seams and minimal texture distortion on mobile phones. A unique seam image is generated using two-pass nearest distance transform, which is independent on the order of input images and has good scalability. Each individual mask can be extracted from this seam image quickly. To promote blending speed and reduce memory usage in building high resolution image mosaics on mobile phones, the seam image and mask images are compressed using run-length encoding, and all the following mask operations are built on run-length encoding scheme. Moreover, single instruction multiple data instruction set is used in Gaussian and Laplacian pyramids construction to improve the blending speed further. The use of run-length encoding for masks processing leads to reduced memory requirements and a compact storage of the mask data, and the use of single instruction multiple data instruction set achieves better parallelism and faster execution speed on mobile phones.

Going beyond the minimal texture of quark mass matrices in the era of precision measurements

Abstract An attempt has been made to carry out a detailed analysis of quark mass matrices having structure beyond the minimal texture. In particular, keeping in mind precision measurements of Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa parameters as well as refinements in the ranges of light quark masses, we have examined the viability of all possible combinations of Hermitian texture 5 zero quark mass matrices. Interestingly, one finds that all these possibilities are now excluded by the present quark mixing data, thereby having important implications for model building.

Design of a FeMnAlC steel with TWIP effect and evaluation of its tensile and fatigue properties

Abstract The present study evaluated the mechanical properties in monotonic and cyclic stress of a FeMnAlC steel designed by thermodynamic calculations with predicted stacking fault energy values within Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) effect actuation range. The material was processed by spray forming, using recycled feedstock from structural steel and aluminum engine block. The deposit was mechanically formed by rotary swaging and subsequently annealed. This processing route resulted in a single-phase austenitic material with minimal texture. The steel presented nanotwinning deformation during the monotonic test and an elongation at fracture of 73%. The fatigue limit was determined by the staircase method, and deformation twins were also nucleated during the cyclic straining in the surface specimen and in the fatigue crack propagation path.

Minimal texture of quark mass matrices and precision CKM measurements

Abstract We have carried out an extensive analysis of all possible minimal texture quark mass matrices implying 169 texture-6 zero combinations. One finds that all these combinations are ruled out: a good number of these analytically, the other possibilities being excluded by the present quark mixing data. Interestingly, even if there are future changes in the ranges of the light quark masses, these conclusions remain valid.

THE EFFECT OF BALANGU SHIRAZI (LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA) GUM ON THE QUALITY OF GLUTEN-FREE PAN BREAD CONTAINING PREGELATINIZED SIMPLE CORN FLOUR WITH MICROWAVE

In this study, pre-gelatinized simple corn flour with microwave and three levels of Balangu Shirazi gum were used in producing gluten free bread. The substructure of two types of flour was evaluated using the electronic microscope. The properties of bread samples including moisture, specific volume, porosity, crust color, texture and overall acceptance were studied. The results of electronic microscope showed that the granular structure of corn flour was coherent. However, the granular structure of pre-gelatinized corn flour had more structural expansion and swell because of demolished heat. In addition, samples containing pre-gelatinized corn flour and 2% Balangu Shirazi gum had the highest humidity in the first (22.5%) and third (19.4%) day. The highest porosity (23.3% and 23.5%) and specific volume (4.9 and 5.1 cm3 /g) and the minimal texture firmness were observed within 1 day after manufacturing (4.8 & 4.9 Newton) in samples containing pregelatinized corn flour and two levels of Balangu Shirazi gum (1% and 2%). Moreover, the results showed that increased L* colorful component (52% increase) caused by using the pre-gelatinized corn flour and raising the consumption level of gum. The presence of gum didn’t have a significant impact on two colorful components such as a* and b*. The use of pregelatinized corn flour resulted in decreasing b* colorful component. Also, sensory evaluations gave the highest score of overall acceptance to samples containing pre-gelatinized corn flour and two levels of Balangu Shirazi gum (1% and 2%).

CP violating phase from minimal texture neutrino mass matrix: Test of the phase relevant to leptogenesis

The model of neutrino mass matrix with minimal texture is now tightly constrained by experiment so that it can yield a prediction for the phase of CP violation. This phase is predicted to lie in the range $\delta_{CP}=0.77\pi - 1.24\pi$. If neutrino oscillation experiment would find the CP violation phase outside this range, this means that the minimal-texture neutrino mass matrix, the element of which is all real, fails and the neutrino mass matrix must be complex, i.e., the phase must be present that is responsible for leptogenesis.

Leptonic mixing angle theta13 and ruling out of minimal texture for Dirac neutrinos

The implications of the recently measured leptonic mixing angle |$\theta _{13}$| as well as the other two mixing angles have been examined for Fritzsch-like mass matrices with minimal texture for Dirac neutrinos. Interestingly, the existing data seem to rule out this texture-specific case of Dirac neutrinos for normal/inverted hierarchies as well as degenerate scenarios of masses.

Minimal neutrino texture with neutrino mass ratio and Cabibbo angle

We present neutrino mass matrix textures in a minimal framework of the type-I seesaw mechanism, where two right-handed Majorana neutrinos are introduced in order to reproduce experimental results of neutrino oscillations. The textures can lead to experimentally favored leptonic mixing angles described by tri-bimaximal mixing with one additional rotation. We present minimal and next to minimal textures for the normal mass hierarchy case in the context of the texture zero. A minimal texture in the inverted hierarchy case is also constructed, which does not have any vanishing entries in a Dirac neutrino mass matrix. We also discuss some cases in which the model parameters in the textures are supposed to be a neutrino mass ratio and/or the Cabibbo angle. Predicted regions of mixing angles, a leptonic CP-violation parameter, and an effective mass for the neutrinoless double beta decay are presented in all textures.

Implications of [formula omitted] on Fritzsch-like lepton mass matrices

Implications of the lepton mixing angles, in particular of θ13, have been investigated for minimal as well as non-minimal Fritzsch-like textures for the case of Majorana neutrinos. Both, in minimal texture (texture 6 zero lepton mass matrices) and non-minimal textures (two cases of texture 5 zero lepton mass matrices), inverted hierarchy and degenerate scenario of neutrino masses have been ruled out. The implications of θ13 have been investigated on the lightest neutrino mass mν1 as well as the effective Majorana mass 〈mee〉.

Recognising Facial Surfaces

The extent to which faces depicted as surfaces devoid of pigmentation and with minimal texture cues ('head models') could be matched with photographs (when unfamiliar) and identified (when familiar) was examined in three experiments. The head models were obtained by scanning the three-dimensional surface of the face with a laser, and by displaying the surface measured in this way by using standard computer-aided design techniques. Performance in all tasks was above chance but far from ceiling. Experiment 1 showed that matching of unfamiliar head models with photographs was affected by the resolution with which the surface was displayed, suggesting that subjects based their decisions, at least in part, on three-dimensional surface structure. Matching accuracy was also affected by other factors to do with the viewpoints shown in the head models and test photographs, and the type of lighting used to portray the head model. In experiment 2 further evidence for the importance of the nature of the illumination used was obtained, and it was found that the addition of a hairstyle (not that of the target face) did not facilitate matching. In experiment 3 identification of the head models by colleagues of the people shown was compared with identification of photographs where the hair was concealed and eyes were closed. Head models were identified less well than these photographs, suggesting that the difficulties in their recognition are not solely due to the lack of hair. Women's heads were disproportionately difficult to recognise from the head models. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the use of such three-dimensional head models in forensic and surgical applications.

S3model for lepton mass matrices with nearly minimal texture

We propose a simple extension of the electroweak standard model based on the discrete ${S}_{3}$ symmetry that is capable of realizing a nearly minimal Fritzsch-type texture for the Dirac mass matrices of both charged leptons and neutrinos. This is achieved with the aid of additional ${Z}_{5}$ and ${Z}_{3}$ symmetries, one of which can be embedded in $U(1{)}_{B\ensuremath{-}L}$. Five complex scalar singlet fields are introduced in addition to the standard model with right-handed neutrinos. Although more general, the modified texture of the model retains the successful features of the minimal texture without fine-tuning; namely, it accommodates the masses and mixing of the leptonic sector and relates the emergence of large leptonic mixing angles with the seesaw mechanism. For large deviations of the minimal texture, both quasidegenerate spectrum or inverted hierarchy are allowed for neutrino masses.

Formula omitted] in neutrino mass matrix with the minimal texture

We show that the neutrino mass matrix with the minimal texture, under the assumption that the neutrino is of the Majorana type, describes the neutrino mass and mixing that are empirically determined, including the finite θ13 that is measured recently at a high precision. This mass matrix only allows the normal hierarchy of the neutrino mass, excluding both inverse mass hierarchy and degenerate mass neutrinos. The current neutrino mixing data give the mass of the lightest neutrino to be between 0.7 and 2.1 meV, and predict the effective mass of double beta decay to lie in the range mee=3.7–5.6 meV. The total mass of the three neutrinos should be 61±2 meV.