Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna Research Articles

Modeling of Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna having Concentric Polygon Shaped with Eight Segments Slots based on DGS for Multiband Wireless Applications using Parametric Analysis

Modeling of Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna having Concentric Polygon Shaped with Eight Segments Slots based on DGS for Multiband Wireless Applications using Parametric Analysis

Wearable Blood Pressure Sensing Based on Transmission Coefficient Scattering for Microstrip Patch Antennas.

Painless, cuffless and continuous blood pressure monitoring sensors provide a more dynamic measure of blood pressure for critical diagnosis or continuous monitoring of hypertensive patients compared to current cuff-based options. To this end, a novel flexible, wearable and miniaturized microstrip patch antenna topology is proposed to measure dynamic blood pressure (BP). The methodology was implemented on a simulated five-layer human tissue arm model created and designed in High-Frequency Simulation Software “HFSS”. The electrical properties of the five-layer human tissue were set at the frequency range (2–3) GHz to comply with clinical/engineering standards. The fabricated patch incorporated on a 0.4 mm epoxy substrate achieved consistency between the simulated and measured reflection coefficient results at flat and bent conditions over the frequency range of 2.3–2.6 GHz. Simulations for a 10 g average specific absorption rate (SAR) based on IEEE-Standard for a human arm at different input powers were also carried out. The safest input power was 50 mW with an acceptable SAR value of 3.89 W/Kg < 4W/Kg. This study also explored a novel method to obtain the pulse transit time (PTT) as an option to measure BP. Pulse transmit time is based on obtaining the time difference between the transmission coefficient scattering waveforms measured between the two pairs of metallic sensors underlying the assumption that brachial arterial geometries are dynamic. Consequently, the proposed model is validated by comparing it to the standard nonlinear Moens and Korteweg model over different artery thickness-radius ratios, showing excellent correlation between 0.76 ± 0.03 and 0.81 ± 0.03 with the systolic and diastolic BP results. The absolute risk of arterial blood pressure increased with the increase in brachial artery thickness-radius ratio. The results of both methods successfully demonstrate how the radius estimates, PTT and pulse wave velocity (PWV), along with electromagnetic (EM) antenna transmission propagation characteristics, can be used to estimate continuous BP non-invasively.

Miniaturized microstrip patch antenna with high inter‐port isolation for full duplex communication system

In this paper, an antenna is presented for in-band full duplex technology. This antenna includes a microstrip patch and a new 180° hybrid coupler. The designed 180° hybrid coupler has new structure that miniaturizes the entire system and also eliminates the self-interference signal that leaks from transmitter to receiver. In this antenna, at 2.4 GHz, an isolation between transmit and receive ports is more than 79 dB. Additionally, in this antenna, the measured inter-port isolation is better than 68, 72, and 74 dB for 80, 50, and 20 MHz bandwidths respectively in 10 dB return loss impedance. The dimensions of the designed antenna are 68 mm × 60 mm, and in compare with similar designed antenna is considerably smaller (more than 60%) with acceptable isolation.

Performance of defected ground structure with miniaturized microstrip patch antenna using RMPA substrate material

Abstract A parallel structural antenna with the acts slot configuration is indicated for process of 5G wireless technology. The direct slot configuration defined within the patch antenna drives the 5G mid band and twin band frequency reaction in the frequency location without the conditions. Next, a 2-D Double Periodic Electronic Band (EBG) shape is carried out below the metal ground aircraft to request an extended impedance bandwidth for RMPA Materials. The slot duration and feature changed into designed for an impedance bandwidth of 12.49% and 4.49% at three pass band frequencies of 532 GHz and, 835 GHz respectively. Simulated with measured gain and reflection coefficient of correct settlement for bending bandwidths. The antenna array length is 33.5 mm × 33.5 mm. The antenna modified structure and the experimental effects were compared with all the other existing systems. The proposed antenna, which makes use of the EBG structure, suggests pics and excessive sensitivity steady with a massive impedance bandwidth, meeting the necessities of the IoT software program supplied with the resource of 5G technology.

Miniature Slotted Semi-Circular Dual-Band Antenna for WiMAX and WLAN Applications

In this paper, a new approach is presented for designing a miniaturized microstrip patch antenna (MPA) for dual-band applications. The proposed MPA consists of a semi-circular patch radiator fed by a 50-Ω coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure with a tapered-ground plane for enhancing impedance bandwidth over the dual-band. By inserting a folded U-shaped slot into the semi-circular patch, the proposed antenna introduces an additional higher-order mode but does not modify the resonance frequency of the lower-order mode of the patch, yielding the desired dual-band response. For antenna miniaturization, the circular-shaped radiator of the reference antenna (RA) was converted into a semi-circular radiating patch. Agreement between CST and HFSS simulated results led us to manufacture a prototype of the designed antenna on one side of an inexpensive FR-4 substrate with an overall dimension of 17 × 18 × 0.8 mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. The measured result in terms of reflection coefficient S11 confirms that the antenna operates in both 3.5 GHz (3.4–3.7 GHz) and 5.8 GHz (5.725–5.875 GHz) bands suitable for use in WiMAX and WLAN applications, respectively. Moreover, besides an area reduction of 32% compared with the RA counterpart, the proposed antenna has other features, a simple geometry, and is easy to manufacture in comparison with previously reported antenna structures.

Wearable Multilayer Patch Antenna with Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure for Public Safety Systems

ABSTRACT For providing security to the people, who survive in country borders, mine and chemical industries, wearable devices with sensors can be used to follow their activities through sensors. The main element of that security device is the antenna. Based on the construction, utility, and performance, miniaturized MicroStrip Patch (MSP) antennas are mainly preferred. In this paper, the compact MSP antenna design, using various flexible multilayer substrate materials with Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures, has been proposed to resonate at 2.45 GHz in ISM band. The simulated and the measured parameters have been analyzed and an improvement in gain up to 6 dB has been achieved compared to the existing technique.

Defected Ground Structure Based Two Element Microstrip Antenna Array with Reduced Mutual Coupling

In this paper two element microstrip antenna array with dumbbell shaped defected ground structure (DGS) is on reduction of mutual coupling is presented. The proposed of DGS antenna is simulated by an soft HFSS simulation software. this work is obtain a miniaturized microstrip patch antenna array using DGS for S Band is 2.2GHz.Initally the patch antenna array is designed at C band resonates at 5.2 GHz and the proposed of DGS is integrated in the ground plane of patch antenna for size reduction and this miniaturization is at cost of gain antenna and in order to improve the gain of miniaturized radiator. Patch radiator is further modified to radiation properties, so finally the resonance frequency of an initial microstrip antenna array shifts to 3.75 GHz to 7.15 GHz with the gain of 2.92 dB and its miniaturization performance is up to 63% and its conventional microstrip is successfully accomplished. The prototype antenna is fabricated with the FR-4 substrate and this technique is validate experimentally and measured results with good agreement as stimulated results.

Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for ISM Band Using Complementary Split Ring Resonator

These days patch antenna arrays are widely used in various communication systems. In this research design of miniaturized microstrip patch antenna array is presented. Miniaturization is achieved by reducing the mutual coupling between patch antenna elements. Complementary Split Ring Resonator is used to reduce the mutual coupling between patch elements in array. The mutual coupling between patch elements with and without resonator is calculated using High Frequency Structure Simulator. It has been observed that the mutual coupling between elements is reduced by 20 dB at 2.4 GHz by using resonator. Due to reduction in mutual coupling, patch antenna elements can be fabricated in less space which leads to compact antenna array system design. A miniaturization of 4.34% is achieved for two element Patch array without affecting the power gain and directivity of patch antenna array.

High efficiency miniaturized microstrip patch antenna for wideband terahertz communications applications

In this paper a novel high efficiency microstrip patch antenna is presented for terahertz applications. The proposed antenna is low-cost because its substrate is FR-4 and has a high radiation efficiency (more than 77.5%). By applying fractal structure the radiating length of the current path is increased and the size of the antenna is decreased. The antenna has acceptable properties in terahertz frequency band; such as: return loss, bandwidth of 118% (0.434–1.684 THz), efficiency, gain (Max. gain of 5.72 dBi), size (150 × 150 × 9.6 μm) and very low cost. These features are improved by optimization especially by cutting a rectangular notch and adding a strip to the top right section of the antenna. The antenna has numerous application introduced in content. In order to investigate the influences of the notch, the added strip, number of meshes, running time and maximum used RAM computational comparison between frequency and time domains is presented for four different antenna geometries.

Gain Enhanced Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Metamaterial Superstrates

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a high-gain miniaturized microstrip patch antenna was designed using engineered magnetic materials as both substrate and superstrate. The proposed antenna was numerically analyzed, fabricated, and measured. To obtain high permeability and permittivity, an engineered magnetic material with Electric-LC Resonators in the superstrate layer and 2nd kind Hilbert fractals in the substrate were used. Equivalent material parameters technique was also used for efficient simulation of metamaterials in the substrate and the superstrate. The simulation and measurement results show a gain improvement of 8.1 dB, and a miniaturization factor of 4.8 for the miniaturized antenna at 534 MHz. Additionally, using superstrate causes to reduce antenna size to 170 × 170 × 37 mm3 and patch size less than λ/100 resonance frequency.

Design of Miniaturized Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Defected Ground Structure

The recent developments in communication and antenna engineering demands compact and multiband antennas. Microstrip antenna is one of the most useful antennas for wireless communication because of its inherent features like low profile, light weight and easy fabrication. This design is aimed at miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna (MSA), without deteriorating its other parameters, such as gain, bandwidth, directivity and return loss. A significant amount of 89% miniaturization has been made possible by careful and meticulous investigation of slots insertion in patch and ground of MSA antenna. Dielectric substrate used in this design is polyester which has shown better result. As the focus of this design is to miniaturize the MSA, the technique used here is Defected Ground Structure (DGS), along with Defected Patch Structure (DPS) which actually shifted the resonant frequencies to the lower range without increasing its physical dimensions. Besides this shorting pin is also introduced between patch and ground, which also contributed in the enhancement of parameters like gain and return loss. The position of pin played an important role in the acquirement of better performance and radiation at desirable frequency band. Different shapes have been designed on Ground and Patch to obtain enhanced results. With the use of DGS, the designed antenna started radiation at multiple frequency bands. The frequency bands generated by this designed antenna are in the range of L band and S band of IEEE standard which made it apposite to use in variety of applications.

A single feed dual-band (2.4 GHz/5 GHz) miniaturized patch antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) communications

A single feed dual-band miniaturized microstrip patch antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) communications has been proposed. The outer rectangular loop patch and inner modified E-shaped patch were used to resonate at 2.4 and 5 GHz, respectively. In order to separate the effect between two frequency bands, a shorting pin was set between two resonance cells. The simulated results show that it can operate at 2.4 and 5 GHz bands with 0.072 GHz (2.407–2.479 GHz) and 0.715 GHz (5.137–5.853 GHz) fractional bandwidth, respectively, which can cover the whole frequency band of WLAN. In addition, the antenna is miniaturized by 31% compared to the conventional rectangular patch without a slot. At last, the proposed microstrip patch antenna has been fabricated and measured for both impedance matching and radiation patterns. A comparison of the measurement and simulation results is given, which show reasonable good agreement.

Miniaturized microstrip antenna array using defected ground structure with enhanced performance

The aim of this work is to obtain a miniaturized microstrip patch antenna array using defected ground structure (DGS) for S band at 2.2GHz. Initially the patch antenna array designed at C band resonates at 5.2GHz. The proposed DGS is integrated in the ground plane of the patch antenna array for size reduction. However, this miniaturization is at the cost of gain of the antenna. In order to improve the gain of this miniaturized radiator, the patch radiator is further modified to retain its radiation properties. Finally, the resonance frequency of an initial microstrip antenna array shifts from 5.2GHz to 2.2GHz and with better performance miniaturization up to 83% with respect to conventional microstrip antenna is successfully accomplished. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated with the RT-Duroid substrate. This technique is validated experimentally and measured results were in good agreement with simulated results.

Design and Analysis of Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Metamaterials Based on Modified Split-Ring Resonator for UWB Applications

AbstractIn this paper, a miniaturized microstrip patch antenna using a negative index metamaterial with modified split-ring resonator (SRR) unit cells is proposed for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The new design of metamaterial based microstrip patch antenna has been optimized to provide an improved bandwidth and multiple frequency operations. All the antenna performance parameters are presented in response-graphs. Also it is mentioned that the physical dimensions of the metamaterial based patch antenna are very small, which is convenient to modern communication. A 130 % bandwidth, covering the frequency band of 2.9–13.5 GHz, (for return loss less than or equal –10 dB) is achieved, which allow the antenna to operate in the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) band. In addition, the antenna has a good radiation pattern in the ultra-wide band spectrum, and it is nearly omnidirectional.

Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for X band Applications

Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for X band Applications

Miniaturized Patch Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth Based on Signal-Interference Feed

In this letter, a miniaturized microstrip patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth is presented. Based on the transversal signal-interference concept, the dual feedline structure is employed to reduce the nonradiating side of the antenna element. In order to extend the impedance bandwidth, an additional T-shaped stub resonator is introduced. Compared to a typical rectangular patch antenna, 32% size reduction and 17.0% impedance bandwidth (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> <;-10 dB) enhancement are achieved, respectively. Good agreement between simulation and measurement can be observed.

Complementary split ring resonator metamaterial to achieve multifrequency operation in microstrip-based radiating structure design

Following recent findings on metamaterials, a miniaturized microstrip patch antenna loaded with a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) was investigated for multiband operation. The proposed structure has a CSRR loaded in the base of the antenna to improve its performance and to make it a metamaterial. Metamaterials exhibit qualitatively new electromagnetic response functions that cannot be found in nature. The CSRR-loaded base allows simultaneous operation over several frequencies. Here, a total of seven bands were achieved by loading the patch antenna with the CSRR. The seven bands were centered around frequencies of 4.33 GHz, 5.29 GHz, 6.256 GHz, 7.066 GHz, 7.846 GHz, 8.86 GHz, and 9.75 GHz. Design results were obtained by using a high-frequency structure simulator that is used for simulating microwave passive components.

Vertically meander‐folded, shorted‐patch antennas

AbstractIn this study, a novel miniaturized microstrip patch antenna based on meander‐folded, shorted‐patch (SP) structure is introduced. The technique enables a decrease of the original quarter‐wavelength patch length approximately by the factor 1/N, where N is the number of the vertically placed patch plates above the ground plane. The antenna operational principle is explained with the help of E‐field distribution and can be interpreted as SP with vertically meander‐folded cavity. Further modification of the top patch plate to ensure symmetrical radiation pattern is proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2938–2942, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24790