Mini Hydroelectric Power Research Articles

Повышение энергоэффективности предприятия за счет установки в системах его водоснабжения гидроэлектрических энергосистем по выработке электроэнергии

The article presents the results of the research strategy for the development of mountainous territories of Kazakhstan. The study of the ossibilities of developing the energy system of mountainous territories is shown on the example of the city of Almaty (Kazakhstan). Materials and Methods. To study the energy efficiency indicators of enterprises in the manufacturing industry, Almaty Heavy Machinery Plant (AHMP) was selected as one of the largest machine-building enterprises in Almaty. Results. It is shown that in the conditions of supplying the water supply system with industrial water from mountain rivers, hydro turbines can be used. It was found that such hydro turbines can be placed in water supply pipelines of production shops. Discussion. An assessment was made that showed that the electricity generated by them can be used to power their own equipment, as well as to supply electricity to the general network. Conclusion. The obtained average efficiency of the hydro turbine of 39 % allows us to calculate the possible generation of electricity in real conditions up to 11 kW, while the declared capacity was 16 kW. Resume. If we consider the tasks of energy saving in production, we can confidently predict that the generation of electricity from the developed hydro turbine will reduce the total electricity consumed from the grid. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The mini-hydroelectric power station developed and presented in this work can be used in water supply systems of industrial enterprises located in mountainous regions. This system can contribute to increasing the energy efficiency of enterprises. In the future, it is planned to scale these mini-hydroelectric power stations and make smaller and larger units for use in larger and smaller enterprises.

Design of a mini hydro-electric power plant

The core concept of hydropower centers on capturing the energy produced as water moves from a higher elevation to a lower one. This involves utilizing the resulting water pressure to generate electrical energy. This practical application of hydropower generation theory entails the design and installation of a mini hydropower plant. To assess its performance, a storage tank was strategically positioned at the maximum height to optimize water pressure, and a plastic pipe was employed for transportation. The construction of a turbine and generator, along with the subsequent assembly of their respective components, constitutes the formation of the hydropower plant. The hydro turbine converts water pressure into mechanical shaft power, propelling the electric generator. The outcome is an alternating electromotive force (e.m.f) of 210 Volts at a frequency of 50 Hz, suitable for powering various household electrical appliances.

Renewable Energies, Option of Future.

The solar photovoltaic power, solar thermal power, wind power, biomass, biofuels, energy from waste power & small hydro power stations, etc. are part of the installations that allow the use of a huge number of different energies, called renewable energies, clean energies or new energies. In fact the innovation resides fundamentally in technologies applied today to obtain energy, and the role assigned to these methods of power generation in the world of energy generation. This paper presents the development of this type of energies emphasizing its use to generate electricity. The advantages and trade-offs will be analyzed, as well as short and mid term expectations, studying their incidence on the environment. Moreover, the main renewable energies will be described: Minihydroelectric power stations, solar thermal stations, solar photovoltaic stations, wind power stations biomass and urban waste power stations.

Operational Excellence of Hydro Power Plant With “G-Action Mobile”

The Gunung Wugul Mini Hydro Electric Power Plant (MHEPP) is a run of river power plant with a Commercial Operation Date (COD) of December 3, 2021, by PT PLN UP2D Central Java-Special Region of Yogyakarta. The application of corporate culture and regulations to run the operations of the Generating Unit such as asset management, Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3) and Security Management System (SMP) require a high level of effort. Socialization and implementation related to the management of the Generating Unit must be carried out to the lowest level for the realization of good management. Focusing on Operational Excellence built on Shingo House Method, where elements of organizational leadership focus on the application of principles, systems, and tools to build superior performance factors by making continuous improvements. The implementation of G-Action Mobile optimizes digital technology and supports the company's program, namely digital transformation for control operations, maintenance, security, and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) activities more effectively. The G-Action Mobile application can encourage the acceleration of the implementation of corporate culture within the Gunung Wugul MHEPP so that the achievement of a capability factor of 67.16% of the 33.60% target, the issuance of a Zero Accident decree, and the implementation of a security management system that is tight enough to support environmental conditions that can improve unit performance with conditions comfortable and safe.

Potential Hydroelectric Power Plant for a Remote Area Utilizing Subwatershed Lawe-Simpali

The fulfilment of electricity needs in Aceh Province has not been evenly distributed so that the potential of available natural resources continues to be explored and destroyed to be utilized. One of the high available natural potentials in Aceh province is watershed and subwatershed. This study aims to study the potential use of Lawe-simpali subwatershed as a hydroelectric power plant to meet the electrical energy needs of remote communities around the Lawe-simpali Subwatershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The method used in this research is a literature study and field survey. Four types of methods for estimating rainfall frequency distribution were tested on climatological data obtained from around the Lawe-simpali subwatershed area. A Der Weduwen method is used to determine water discharge with a return period of up to 100 years. The results show that the Log Pearson Type III rainfall estimation method is more suitable for use in the Subwatershed Lawe-simpali area with a coefficient of inclination of 0.9. The estimated water discharge that can be generated from this Subwatershed for a biennial return period is 1571.85 m3/s. The discharge has the potential to be able to generate electricity by 26.2 kW for planning of 2 m head and 131.1 kW for planning head of 10 m. This shows that the Lawe-simpali subwatershed in Aceh Province has great potential to become micro and mini hydroelectric power so that it can meet the electrical energy needs of remote communities around it.

РАЗРАБОТКА И ИСПЫТАНИЕ ГИДРОЦИКЛОННОЙ ПЕСКОЛОВКИ ДЛЯ МИНИ ГЭС

The goal of the project is to develop and use a hydrocyclone sand trap to improve the operation of a mini hydroelectric power station. In contrast to the existing design of a similar type of hydroelectric power station, a bulky sump for water purification has been replaced with an efficient hydrocyclone device. Due to this, a simplification of the design of the HPP is achieved, an increase in the degree of sand collection from the composition of the water used. Research methods. The initial data for the calculation were taken: the flow rate of water passing through the hydrocyclone and the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet of the hydrocyclone. Computer simulation of the process was carried out using the SolidWorks software (flow simulation). The main technological parameters and a rational mode of operation were established by testing experimental samples both in laboratory and in production conditions. Research results. In the established mode, the density of clarified water is equal to 1.009 ... 1.050 t / m3, and the degree of purification is 91 ... 97%. Replacing a bulky reinforced concrete sump with hydrocyclone sand traps of a simplified design reduces the cost of building a water treatment unit from 30% (existing) to 7%. This makes it possible to expand the volume of development of small hydroelectric power plants, especially in mountainous conditions.

Study of work efficiency of the energy system at the introduction of small hydropower plants

The paper describes a comprehensive approach to assessing the effectiveness of introducing renewable energy sources by the example of switching on small hydropower plants in a certain section of the energy system. The study combines an algorithm for selecting the composition of the included generating equipment in the case of connecting new consumers, and a developed program for calculating and constructing generation and load schedules. The results of the research are presented on the example of the introduction of mini hydroelectric power plants through joint work, the developed approach and the program.

ПУТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ УДАЛЕННЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ

The paper considers ways to improve the efficiency of combined power supply systems for remote facilities based on renewable energy sources. The developed circuit solution for the combined power supply of remote facilities based on mini-hydroelectric power plants, GT and thermoelectric generators installed on the boiler's gas outlet pipe will allow redistributing energy between consumers inside the facility or storing it in the electrochemical storage system during the period of minimum consumption.

Increasing the energy supply of agricultural enterprises and rural settlements through the digital transformation of agricultural energy and the construction of digital mini-hydroelectric power plants

Increasing the energy supply of agricultural enterprises and rural settlements through the digital transformation of agricultural energy and the construction of digital mini-hydroelectric power plants

Properties Analysis of Dual IPCs 240 with Three Branches Case Study in an Energy Transmission Line Connected to a Hydroelectric Mini-Power Plant

In this paper, the newly developed “Dual Interphase Power Controller (IPC) 240” technology is used to increase the reliability of transmission lines for small renewable energy plants. This asymmetric compensation method based on symmetrical components has used two IPC. The first one is placed at the sending end of the line and the second IPC at the receiving end of the line. During normal operation of the transmission line formed, the electrical service continuity is ensured at the load using reactances, which adjust according to the power angle. When a permanent single-phase fault occurs, triggering the circuit breakers of the infected phase, the two IPCs are reconfigured so that the first performs a three-phase / two-phase transformation and the second a two-phase/three-phase transformation of voltage to continue providing a sufficient power for the load. Data from a power transmission line (30 kV-5 MW) from a mini hydroelectric power station has been used in a virtual network under Matlab/Simulink to test the functions dedicated to this technology. The results of the tests obtained and presented show the feasibility of this technology. The efficiency is also guaranteed because the electricity service is 100% assured in the absence of contingency and almost 70% during the contingency of the single-phase short-circuit type.

STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF EROSION OF A MICRO HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT (HPP) TURBINES IN THE FORM OF A HYDROCYCLONE

One of the severe problems of a hydroelectric power plant (HPP) is providing a hydroelectric unit with purified water with the required pressure. Otherwise, the central working bodies - hydraulic turbines - are subjected to abrasive wear and quickly fail. Abrasive wear reduces the efficiency and life of the turbine and causes problems in operation and maintenance. This research aimed to study the degree of abrasive wear (erosion rate) of the surface of a blade hydraulic turbine of a micro HPP during water purification using a hydrocyclone and to ensure its rational layout based on the studies. Investigation of damage to the turbine surface from the dynamic impact was carried out by computer modeling of the process using the Autodesk Simulation CFD program, with different versions of the hydrocyclone body and testing of an experimental sample. Additional software SolidWorks (flow simulation) was used to check the calculations. It was found that the forms of particle hardness in water significantly affect the rate and magnitude of erosion, and a different design of the treatment body in the form of a hydrocyclone in different ways ensures the separation of the flow into phases. A rational scheme for installing a hydraulic turbine inside a hydrocyclone was selected, which provides the required power characteristic of a mini hydroelectric power station and other necessary parameters. The highest degree of water purification from solid impurities (94%) was achieved using the configuration option in a cylindrical-conical design with a rotational water inlet into the hydrocyclone. The location of the hydraulic turbine inside a hydrocyclone of a certain design and the tangential supply of water to the blades of the hydraulic turbine significantly protects the surface of the unit from the effects of solid particles. Their service life can be increased without additional investment in the restoration of the unit.

STATE INNOVATION POLICY FOR GREEN TECHNOLOGIES SUPPORT IN CONSTRUCTION

The purpose of the paper is to determine the status and areas of improvement of state policy to support the development of green technologies in construction. Methodology. This review is based on the characteristics of individual areas of implementation of green technologies in construction. Possibilities of using renewable sources in the process of construction and operation of buildings are considered. It is established that different methods of energy production are used in energy efficient houses. These include photovoltaic solar panels, heat pumps, photothermal collectors, geothermal waters, mini hydroelectric power plants. It is emphasized that the energy consumption of such buildings should also be reduced; for the reason of special architectural design solutions, the energy-efficient materials with high thermal insulation properties are used. The peculiarities of the policy of stimulating the increase of energy efficiency of buildings in Ukraine are considered, the conclusion on its insufficient efficiency is given. The reason for ineffectiveness of the incentive policy is figured out. The directions for reduction of air and water pollution by filtration and use of rain and melt water for household needs are considered. It is established that the active implementation of innovation is impossible mainly due to obsolete housing and worn-out utilities. Eco-design is also used to increase energy efficiency in construction and architects must actively use passive and active methods of designing houses in different climatic conditions. Green construction also involves recycling of construction waste. Improving the environmental efficiency of buildings and structures involves the use of modern insulation materials, coatings. Currently, nanomaterials with unique properties are becoming widespread in construction. They have increased physical characteristics, in particular, accumulated thermal radiation, provided significant energy savings in winter and summer. The results of the study showed that the state regulatory policy (innovation policy, support of science and R&D, technology transfer, price policy regulation, updating of technological regulations) has an extremely important role in stimulating the spread of green technologies in construction. Practical implications. The most important areas of public policy in construction are: the implementation of environmental energy and quality international standards for construction products; stimulating consumer demand for environmentally friendly innovative solutions, including through “green” public procurement, setting reasonable prices for energy resources, stimulating the implementation of a holistic concept of product life cycle; development of financial mechanisms to support the demand for cleaner technologies and innovations.

Modelling of developing capacity of power systems based on hybrid power complexes by reliability indicators

Currently, short-term power supply failures of consumers are the main cause of failures in the stability of normal operating modes of the system. The result of real power supply failures is emergency modes due to improper load distribution. We propose the joint operation of algorithm and the program for forecasting capacity of power transmission lines in order to ensure reliable uninterrupted operation of power system. The results of the study are presented on the example of hybrid operation of the Thermal Power Plant (TPP) and Mini hydroelectric power plant (HPP).

Beyond NIMBY: Mobilization Against Mini-hydroelectric Power in the Italian Alps

This study focused on new pressures on water resources in relation to the production of renewable energy in Italy. In particular, I considered the conflicts that have emerged in the Trentino region around mini-hydroelectric power production. Literature critiquing the Not In My Backyard (NIMBY) approach provided the basis for analyzing the characteristics of this opposition movement. I argue that the anti-mini-hydro movements only partially challenge the NIMBY definition. At the discursive level, such mobilizations articulate a broader discourse opposing mini-hydroelectric production as a climate change mitigation strategy and promoting a vision of the river as biodiversity to be protected. Moreover, at the sociospatial level, the anti-mini-hydro movements reveal an ability to forge alliances among different sectors of broader society. However, no broader discourse is articulated on the energy transition. The anti-mini-hydro movement can therefore be characterized as a form of “localist environmentalism” combining place attachment and nature conservation.

Providing marginal areas of the Northern Sea Route with radio communications when using dam-free hydropower plants

According to the Navigation Rules in the Northern Sea Route (NSR), the skipper should receive all types of information support for safe navigation in the Arctic zone, including navigation, hydrometeorological and hydrological. In order to maintain safe and efficient navigation, the NSR routes should receive navigation safety information from the transmitting points of the NAVTEX system. For this, along the NSR route, it is necessary to have a developed network of coastal and base transceiver stations. Effective information and technological support of the NSR route is prerequisite not only for the safe conduct of ship traffic, but also for the successful civilizational development of the coast, including the deployment and maintenance of the tourism industry. The inaccessibility, territorial distance from the main centers of management and the harsh climate make the NSR areas unprofitable for development in the foreseeable future. Under these conditions, only radio communication, which is not critical to the features of the soil cover and does not require expensive cabling of communication facilities, is an economical means of information and communication support for such territories. The most problematic of NSR radio technical support is the extremely low level of energy supply to the North and the Far East. Possessing the longest sea coastal zone, and occupying one of the leading places in the world in hydropower resources, Russia uses its hydropower potential by only 20%. The situation is aggravated for inaccessible territories for which problems in the field of energy cannot be solved by traditional methods. It is economically unprofitable or simply impossible to use large hydroelectric power stations to power hard-to-reach facilities on the NSR routes. The solution may be the use of small hydropower. To solve the problem of fast, low-cost and efficient energy supply of marginal and inaccessible territories, a new constructive solution for mini-hydropower plants has been proposed. The developed design of mini-hydroelectric power plants does not require the construction of dams, or artificial reservoirs, which allows to increase efficiency compared to the traditional approach.

Modelling and optimization of Searaser wave energy converter based hydroelectric power generation for Saint Martin's Island in Bangladesh

Saint Martin's Island is one of the most notable tourist spots and the only coral island of Bangladesh in the Bay-of-Bengal. Yet due to lack of electricity supply, this beautiful island is becoming uninhabitable and losing tourist attraction. In this study, a decentralized Mini Hydroelectric Power Plant (MHPP) has been proposed and designed to mitigate electricity demand in the tourist resorts of the island during peak demand–hours: the energy input to the plant is supplied by harnessing ocean wave-power available in the coastal regions of the island with a novel and simple Wave Energy Converter (WEC) named Searaser. To decide about the installed capacity of the proposed MHPP, a field survey was conducted on the resorts of St. Martin's Island. The performance of Searaser in the context of the island was investigated theoretically which indicated that the Searaser is capable of producing about 35 m of water-head by utilizing the available wave-power. Realizing the availability of wave-power and adopting sustainable tourism policy, the estimated plant capacity was about 144 kW. This study remarks that the implementation of Searaser based MHPP technology in the St. Martin's Island can be a profitable and eco-friendly replacement of the existing stand-alone diesel-generators; it was also found that huge amount of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission can be prevented, and thereby the tourism potential can be enhanced as well.

Caracterización y aprovechamiento del potencial energético renovable de afluentes hídricos de ríos y quebradas del departamento de Nariño, con el fin de suministrar energía a zonas no interconectadas

Las zonas no interconectadas ZNI en el departamento de Nariño requieren una solución de energización local, que ofrezca un servicio constante y confiable y cuyos costos de generación sean asequibles a las personas que pertenecen a este grupo poblacional. Nariño es uno de los departamentos que posee un gran potencial de fuentes hídricas que pueden ser aprovechadas para la generación de energía eléctrica a través de pequeñas centrales hidroeléctricas. El desarrollo de una central mini-hidroeléctrica para suministro de energías representa una alternativa que puede permitir mejorar las condiciones de vida de las personas que habitan estas zonas; además de contribuir a la disminución del impacto ambiental generado por otros tipos de energías, incentivando el uso eficiente de estos recursos renovables. Con lo anterior, es necesario identificar en primera instancia un modelo metodológico que permita identificar el potencial energético que poseen fuentes hídricas como ríos y quebradas que se encuentran cerca a estas zonas no interconectadas. Se establecen las condiciones para involucrar una etapa de pre-factibilidad para implementarse un sistema hidroeléctrico con el cual se busque abastecer la demanda de energías de estas comunidades, determinando la aplicabilidad de éste tipo de tecnologías y el potencial que estas pueden generar. Se resalta la importancia de desarrollar este tipo de tecnologías en la región con el fin de trasladar el conocimiento a la comunidad por medio de su divulgación.

Capacity Identification and Operational Policy of the Proposed Broadlands Mini Hydroelectric Power Plant

Broadlands Hydropower Project (BHP) with an installed capacity of 35 MW and expected annual energy generation of 137 GWh will harness the last remaining hydropower potential of the Kehelgamu-Maskeli Oya (K-M) Complex located in Kitulgala area. The construction of the main dam of the BHP will directly affect White-Water Rafting (WWR) that takes place along the downstream of the said area. To sustain this sport activity which has become a tourist attraction, and to avoid conflicts that could arise among concerned parties, a certain quantity of water (yet to be decided) has to be released during day time from the main dam which would reduce the amount of annual energy that was originally expected to be generated from BHP. However, the possibility of recovering some of the lost energy by releasing the water through a mini hydroelectric power plant located downstream of Kelani River close to the BHP Main Dam cannot just be ignored. This research study therefore investigated the technical impact of releasing water under different operational policies through the main dam of the Broadlands Power Plant and the possibility of recovering the energy lost using the proposed mini hydroelectric power plant while catering to WWR. Finally, the economic impact of avoiding the cost of dispatching of thermal power plants under different operational scenarios of the composite power system as stated by the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) is presented.

EVALUATION AND OPTIMAL LOCATION'S SELECTION FOR MINI HIDRO POWER PLANT'S CONSTRUCTION ON RIVER VRBAS

The presented paper is part of a wider research related to the application of water, as a renewable source, which was made in the frame of master program with energy efficiency's topic. This paper analyzes aspects of the mini hydro power plant's construction (with installed power of 0.5 MW) for the energy-ecological development of the rural area and the application of renewable energy sources without negative impact on the environment. An analysis of 3 different locations on river Vrbas was performed using the AHP method and a selection of the most suitable location for the construction of this type of facility was made. At the beginning of the paper, the significance of the mini hydroelectric power plant is described in relation to the large, and later, the potential for the construction of facilities of this type in the wider region of the Republic of Srpska and BiH. The aim of paper is to show the importance of producing electricity using water as a renewable energy source and optimal location selection using the AHP method.

Energy-efficient Electric Drive of the Cableway Supplied by the Minihydroelectric Power Station

Energy-efficient Electric Drive of the Cableway Supplied by the Minihydroelectric Power Station