MTA Fillapex Research Articles

Evaluation of Radiopacity of Calcium Silicate-Based and Resin-Based Materials Using Direct Digital Radiography Along With an Aluminium Step Wedge.

Background Radiopacity is a critical property for root canal sealers as it allows for the assessment of the material's placement and quality within the root canal system on radiographic images. The study aimed to evaluate the radiopacity of calcium silicate-based and resin-based materials using direct digital radiography, employing an aluminium step wedge according toAmerican National Standards Institute/International Organization for Standardization (ANSI/ISO) standard protocols for testing the radiopacity of root canal sealers. This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of these materials in meeting the required standards for clinical use. Methodology The materials tested were AH Plus, Apexit Plus, Biodentine and MTA Fillapex in circular disc form and radiographed alongsidethe aluminium step wedge using direct digital radiography to determine the radiopacity using grey-pixel values. All the materials, viz., AH Plus, Apexit Plus, Biodentine and MTA Fillapex were found satisfactorily radiopaque and met the minimum radiopacity standard, that is, minimum 3mm of aluminium recommended by ANSI/American Dental Association (ADA) Specification No. 57. Results AH Plus exhibited the highest radiopacity with values of 222.54 mm Al Eq (isodensity) and 220.88 mm Al Eq (densitometric), significantly surpassing Apexit Plus, Fillapexand Biodentine (p < 0.001). Apexit Plus and Fillapex showed no significant difference between them (p = 0.238), but both were significantly higher than Biodentine (p < 0.001). Biodentine had the lowest radiopacity among all the sealers tested. Conclusion All the tested materials met the ANSI/ADA minimum radiopacity standard, demonstrating their suitability for clinical use. The materials varied in their levels of radiopacity, demonstrating that they are adequately visible on radiographic images for effective assessment in root canal treatments.

Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Three Different Endodontic Sealer: An In Vitro Study

AIM : Comparative evaluation of apical sealing ability of three different endodontic sealers : An in vitro study Materials and Methods:- The study was conducted on 60 samples on single rooted teeth using three different sealers MTA fillapex, Apexit Plus, Bio C sealer. On the prepared samples access cavities and biomechanical preparation was performed using endodontic rotary system. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 15 each with control group having empty canal. All root surfaces except the apical 2 mm was covered with two layers of nail varnish and sticky wax and all samples were immersed in an aqueous solution of 2% methylene blue dye for 72 hours. Roots were longitudinally split using a diamond disc . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS : The data was statistically analysed with One way ANOVA test and post hoc tukey test to compare the apical sealing ability between the experimental groups RESULTS : In our study , least sealing ability was observed Apexit plus followed by MTA Fillapex and Bio C sealer.CONCLUSION : Bio C sealer showed considerably good results compared to MTA Fillapex and Bio C sealer

Reliability of sealer penetration measurement methods and assessment of dentine penetrability after endodontic retreatment: A correlation invitro study.

This study evaluated the reliability of sealer penetration measurement methods used with confocal laser scanning microscopy in correlation with the percentage of residual root filling and examined the effect of residual root-filling material on dentine penetrability after retreatment. Extracted teeth were randomly divided into different groups according to the obturation sealer used (n = 6); BioRoot RCS; MTA Fillapex; Bio-C and AH Plus. Root-filling material was removed before the secondary chemo-mechanical preparation and obturation using fluorescein labelled AH Plus. Multiple micro-computed tomography scans were obtained followed by confocal laser scanning microscopy to measure the penetration of the labelled sealer into the dentinal tubules using four different methods. Measuring sealer penetration into radicular dentine using the penetration percentage method was found to be the most reliable. Dentine penetrability during retreatment did not seem to be affected by the type of residual root-filling material.

Fracture resistance of endodontically treated root obturated with different root canal sealers( A comparative in vitro study)

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated root obturated with four different root canal sealers.. Methods: Sixty extracted palatal root of upper molars were collected and sectioned to get a 11mm root length. All root canals were instrumented using edge endo X7 system rotary files and 35# size was the final size used to finish all the canals. After instrumentation the samples were divided into four groups of 15 samples in each according to the type of sealer used, a single cone obturation technique was used: Group 1: obturated with AH Plus sealer and gutta-percha. Group 2: obturated with Neosealer BC sealer and gutta-percha. Group 3: Obturated with MTA-Fillapex sealer and gutta-percha. Group 4: Obturated with OneFill BC sealer and gutta-percha. After incubation period of 7 days at 37°C and 100% humidity the samples covered with thin layer polyvinylsiloxane impression material to simulate a periodontal membrane and then molded in acrylic blocks so as to set the samples ready for fracture resistance test using universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5mm/min., One-way ANOVA and Posthoc tests assessed the data statistically. Results: The results showed that fracture resistance was significantly higher in those canals that were filled with Neosealer BC sealer (69.90N) in comparison to the other different sealers used in the study (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Under the condition of this study, the following conclusions can be derived: The application of any root canal sealers resulted in an enhancement of the resistance to fractures in teeth that have undergone endodontic treatment. Neosealer Bioceramic sealer group showed the highest fracture resistance than other groups. Followed by Onefill bioceramic, MTA Fillapex and Ah plus.

Comparison of the apical microleakage of four types of endodontic cements: Endofill, MTA Fillapex, Adseal and Roeko seal

Comparison of the apical microleakage of four types of endodontic cements: Endofill, MTA Fillapex, Adseal and Roeko seal

An in vitro evaluation of endodontic sealers and an antibiotic to assess their antimicrobial effect against Enterococcus faecalis.

This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effect of three endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA] Fillapex, and BioRoot RCS) with and without amoxicillin against E. faecalis. Amoxicillin, equivalent to 10% of the sealers' total weight, was mixed with the sealers. Another batch was prepared without amoxicillin. The direct contact test (DCT) and the agar diffusion test were used to assess the antibacterial effect. Results were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the F-test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. AH Plus significantly suppressed E. faecalis without the addition of amoxicillin in the DCT (p = 0.011), while in the agar diffusion test, BioRoot RCS had a larger inhibition zone than the control (p < 0.001). When amoxicillin was added to the sealers, AH Plus (p = 0.003) and MTA Fillapex (p = 0.042) reduced E. faecalis growth. In contrast, all three sealers showed larger inhibition zones than the control (p = 0.001), with AH Plus displaying a larger inhibition zone than MTA Fillapex (p = 0.042) and BioRoot RCS (p = 0.032). It was thus concluded that the addition of amoxicillin to endodontic sealers enhances their antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis.

Intratubular Penetration Depth of Ultrasound Activated Bioceramic Sealant Cements at the Dentin-Radicular Cement Interface

To evaluate the intratubular penetration depth of ultrasound-activated bioceramic sealant cements into root dentin, specifically at the dentin-cement interface. This in vitro experimental study was conducted with samples that were randomly divided based on the type of sealer used and whether ultrasound activation was applied prior to obturation. This resulted in four experimental groups (n=40). Groups A1 and B1 utilized the Eighteeth Ultra X ultrasonic activator with a blue tip #20 featuring a 2% taper at low power for activation, while groups A2 and B2 did not employ any form of activation. The symbol (+) denotes groups with ultrasonic activation, while (-) represents groups without ultrasonic activation. In the middle third, it was observed that BioC Sealer (+) had a mean sealing value of 0.66±0.17, while MTA Fillapex (+) showed a mean value of 0.38±0.07. It was found that BioC Sealer (-) had a mean sealing value of 0.24±0.04 in the middle third, while MTA Fillapex (-) showed a mean value of 0.16±0.04. These differences were not statistically significant (p=0.569). In the apical third, the BioC Sealer (-) presented a mean sealing value of 0.44±0.17, while the MTA Fillapex (-) obtained a mean value of 0.30±0.04. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.0745), suggesting that both materials can provide a similar seal in the apical third. The results suggest that both BioC Sealer and MTA Fillapex provide a comparable seal in the middle and apical thirds of the root canal system, however, this was not statistically significant. This indicates their potential efficacy in both endodontic sealing procedures.

A Comparative Evaluation of the Sealing Ability, Adaptability and Antibacterial Effect of Nano MTA Plus Versus Conventional MTA Fillapex: An In-Vitro Study

A Comparative Evaluation of the Sealing Ability, Adaptability and Antibacterial Effect of Nano MTA Plus Versus Conventional MTA Fillapex: An In-Vitro Study

Comparative Evaluation of Penetrability of Various Bioceramic Sealers into the Tubules of Radicular Dentin

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the penetration depth and persistence of sealer residues in obturated canals with three different bioceramic sealers using confocal microscopy. Materials and Methods: In total, 60 single-rooted human premolars were selected and decoronated to maintain the working length of 14 mm. The samples were biomechanically prepared and obturated with Protaper Universal GP coated with three different bioceramic sealers, that is, CeraSeal RC, Bio-C and MTA Fillapex. The specimens were divided into three groups ( n = 20) depending on the sealer used. Rhodamine B fluorescent dye was added to the sealers before using them for obturation. The obturated samples were sealed and placed in 100% humidity at 37oC for 7 days. Gutta-percha was removed from all the samples using retreatment files. Each sample was horizontally sectioned into 2 mm thick slices at 3 mm and 5 mm from the apex, which were analysed under a confocal scanning microscope to detect the depth of penetration of sealer into the dentinal tubules. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests. Results: Intergroup comparison of penetration depth at 3 mm showed that the mean depth of penetration among CeraSeal samples was found to be significantly more as compared to the other two materials, while, no statistically significant difference was found among Bio-C and MTA Fillapex with the significance level established at 5% ( P &lt; .05). Similarly, an intergroup comparison of penetration depth at 5 mm showed that the mean depth of penetration among CeraSeal samples was found to be significantly more as compared to the other two materials, while, no statistically significant difference was found among Bio-C and MTA Fillapex. CeraSeal RC sealer showed significantly higher depth of penetration than Bio-C and MTA Fillapex. Conclusion: All bioceramic sealers show a significant penetration into the dentinal tubules. However, none of the sealers was completely removed from the tubules following retreatment.

A Comparative Evaluation of Push-Out Bond Strength of Six Different Root Canal Sealers: An In-Vitro Study.

Adhesiveness with radicular dentin is absent with gutta-percha, leading to microleakage and hence re-infection. Root canal sealer helps to achieve an adhesive interface between gutta-percha and root dentin thereby resisting the displacement forces during the functioning of teeth which is evaluated by the push-out test. The aim of this study is to compare the push-out bond strength and to assess the relative bond failure between dentin-sealer, sealer-main cone of (1) epoxy resin, (2) silicon, (3) mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), (4) calcium hydroxide, (5) bioceramic, (6) zinc oxide eugenol containing root canal sealers. Sixty human permanent lower premolars with one root were collected, disinfected, and decoronated at cemento-enamel junction. Instrumentation was done with a K3 40,0.06 Ni-Ti rotary file and obturated using the main cone and sealer. Based on the sealer utilized, six groups were created: Group 1: AH-Plus, Group 2: RoekoSeal, Group 3: MTA Fillapex, Group 4: Apexit, Group 5: Smart Paste Bio, and Group 6: Procosol. One slice each was obtained from the coronal, middle, and apicalsections of all the obturated canals. Push-out bond strength and failure modes were studied. Statistics involved analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the post hoc Tukey test. All three sections exhibited the highest strength for Smart Paste Bio sealer and the least was for RoekoSeal. With all the sealers, the apical section had the highest strength followed by the middle and coronal. The smart seal system was superior to all other sealers and displayed a good bond to dentin.

Stereomicroscopic evaluation of sealing ability of four different root canal sealers: an in-vitro study

Aim To compare and evaluate the sealing ability of four different commercially available sealers to provide seal against the dye penetration test using a stereomicroscope-an in-vitro study.Material/Method 80 extracted single rooted mandibular premolar with single canal were used in this study. The samples were divided in 4 groups (20 in each) based on sealer. Group I (Diaproseal), Group II (apexit Plus), Group III (MTA Fillapex) and Group IV (Bio-C). The samples were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and data analysis was done with one-way Anova And post hoc Tukey’s test.Result The mean dye penetration score was 1.2400 ± 0.778 mm for Group I. 2.6000 ± 0.897 mm for Group II, 4.2000 ± 0.923 mm for Group III and 4.225 ± 2.055 mm for Group IV. One-way Anova analysis shows that intergroup comparison was statistically significant between the four groups. The post hoc Tukey’s test reveals that the difference was statistically non-significant between group III and group IV.Conclusion It was concluded that between the four groups the Group I (Diaproseal) showed the least dye penetration followed by Group II (Apexit Pus), Group III (MTA Fillapex) and then Group IV (Bio-C), where there was no significant difference between the Group III (MTA Fillapex) and Group IV (Bio-C).

Antibacterial Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Bioactive Glass and Epoxy-Resin Based Sealer: An In-Vitro Interventional Study.

The aim and objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate, bioactive glass sealer, and epoxy-resin-based sealer. In the present study, 22 Mueller Hinton agar (MH agar) plates were employed and equally divided into two groups. Three holes were made by removal of agar at equidistant points and filled with root canal sealers. The strains of the bacteria used in this study were S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and C. albicans (ATCC 10231) and were divided into two groups and root canal sealers were divided into three subgroups: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) fillapex Sealer, Nishika Bioactive Glass sealer, and Syntex Epoxy Resin base sealer. For Staphylococcus aureus, peptone water was placed in a 2 mL test tube and bacteria were extracted from blood agar plates using a nichrome wire loop and poured into the peptone water-containing test tube and incubated for 2 hours and for C. albicans, fungi were grown at 37°C for 24 hours in MH Broth and seeded into MH agar to produce turbidity of 0.5 on the McFarland scale, which corresponds to a concentration of 108 CFU/mL. This MH broth was used as a second layer. The seeded agar was then added over the plates immediately after the insertion of sealer cement. After incubation, the diameters of zones of inhibition around the plates were measured. The results of this study showed that the highest inhibition was recorded in Syntex sealer against Staphylococcus aureus followed by MTA fillapex sealer and Nishika sealer, whereas MTA fillapex showed the highest inhibition against C. albicans followed by Syntex sealer and Nishika sealer. Syntex sealer exhibits better antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and MTA fillapex exhibit better antibacterial efficacy against C. albicans.

Effect of diode laser and ultrasonic activation on post-obturation push-out bond strength of non-eugenol based sealers: An in vitro study

Aim: The study aimed to assess the postobturation push-out bond strength of noneugenol-based sealers among different activation groups. Methods: One hundred sixteen single-rooted extracted mandibular premolar teeth were obtained. They were split into six groups-Group I: conventional cleaning and shaping (CCS) and sealing with AH Plus; Group II: CCS with MTA Fillapex; Group III: diode laser group with AH Plus; Group IV: diode laser group with MTA Fillapex; Group V: ultrasonic activation group with AH Plus; and Group VI: ultrasonic activation group with MTA Fillapex. Coronal and apical horizontal root sections were obtained from each sample and subjected to push-out bond strength. An independent t-test was done to compare the two groups of sealers. Results: A comparison of the irrigation activation in each sealer group was made using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test. A comparison of the coronal and apical groups was made by paired t-test. Both the sealers exhibited higher push-out bond strength values after ultrasonic irrigation in the apical section. Higher values were obtained when AH Plus sealer was used. Push-out bond strength tests between MTA Fillapex and AH Plus with various irrigation activation regimes revealed that AH Plus had a stronger bond to the root dentin when combined with ultrasonic activation in the apical third of the root dentin. Conclusion: The study concluded that the higher values of push-out bond strength were noted in the AH Plus sealer group in the ultrasonic activation group in the apical root dentin section.

In vivo cytotoxicity analysis of bioceramic root canal sealers on zebrafish embryo.

This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of four bioceramic root canal sealers (RCSs) in vivo. The embryonic zebrafish characteristics, such as mortality, survival, hatching, and general morphology, served as the parameters for assessing cytotoxicity. The RCSs, namely GuttaFlow Bioseal, MTA Fillapex, CeraSeal Bioceramic, and iRoot SP, were mixed according to the manufacturer's guidelines. The extract solution was prepared by immersing the set RCS into 1X dilution of E3 solution. Then, the extract solution was delivered into a Petri dish where zebrafish embryos were allowed to develop. Cytotoxicity was evaluated 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after fertilization. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that except for GuttaFlow Bioseal, the mortality, survival, and hatching of zebrafish embryos for the remaining three bioceramic RCSs were significantly different from the negative controls (P<0.05). Significant differences were also evident in the mortality, survival, and hatching of zebrafish embryos between GuttaFlow Bioseal and three other RCSs (P<0.05). GuttaFlow Bioseal was less cytotoxic than other bioceramics RCSs; MTA Fillapex, CeraSeal Bioceramic root canal sealer, and iRoot SP root canal sealer exhibited comparable cytotoxicity.

Evaluation of pH Variation and the Release of Calcium Ions in three Endodontic Sealing Cements: BioRoot RCS, MTA Fillapex, and Acroseal

Introduction: For several years, calcium silicates have proven to be very useful in numerous endodontic or restorative clinical situations. Derived from Portland cement and later from Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), a new generation of calcium silicate-based cement is marketed. To meet the requirements of endodontic sealing cements, several modifications according to the original formulation of calcium silicate and several additives have been implemented to create materials with excellent physical properties and endowed with the biological properties of MTA. Aim: The objective of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the variation in pH and the release of calcium ions in three endodontic cements over a period of time ranging from 3 hours to 28 days. The evaluation involved the following cements: BioRooT RCS (a pure calcium silicate-based endodontic cement), MTA Fillapex (a Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-based endodontic cement), and Acroseal (a calcium hydroxide-based endodontic cement). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, three root canal sealant cements were compared. A total of fifty-eight samples were prepared, and they were divided into three groups: Group 1 included 18 samples of BioRoot RCS, group 2 involved 18 samples of MTA Fillapex, and Group 3 included 18 samples of Acroseal. The samples were prepared and inserted into the molds. Then, the molds were immersed in glass test tubes containing 10 ml of double-distilled deionized water. A control tube, containing no material, was also prepared for each group. After each experimental period, the samples were taken from the tubes using sterile tweezers and weighed after 3 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days, respectively. The liquid in which the samples were previously immersed was used for measuring pH and the release of Ca ++ ions. Measurements of pH were carried out with a pH meter, previously calibrated using a buffer solution (pH 7). Measurement of the release of calcium ions was carried out using the technique of complexation of calcium ions with ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic-acid, better known by the acronym EDTA. Statistical analysis was performed using data processing software, SPSS Statistics v.21.0. In this analytical study, two statistical tests were used for data analysis: A two-factor ANOVA test and a linear regression test for comparison of quantitative variables. Results: The results of the present study showed that compared to other materials, BioRoot RCS had the greatest calcium ion release, an ion release that is prolonged over time and which remains markedly high. The analytical study showed that BioRoot RCS had higher pH and calcium ion release values than the other two materials. These values are statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) with a strong correlation between the release of calcium ions and the variation in pH. Conclusion: BioRoot RCS, a cement based on pure calcium silicate, showed an alkalinizing activity and an ion release power clearly superior to those of sealers based on MTA and calcium hydroxide. This is largely correlated with the chemical composition and the physicochemical behavior of the material.

Physicochemical Properties of Four Bioactive Root Canal Sealers

The purpose of present study was to assess and to compare the physicochemical properties of four bioactive root canal sealers. Materials and Methods: four bioactive root canal sealers that are available on the market were tested (Well-Root; Apexit Plus; Dia-Root and MTA Fillapex). The initial and final settin g time was determined by Gilmore needle. Flow Test and solubility test conducted according to ISO standard 6876. The film thickness was determined according to the ISO 3107 standard. pH measurement for different sealers that immersed in deionized water at 5minutes, 1h, 12h, 24h and 48h time intervals. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was done for the chemical structure of set samples for tested sealers. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p˂0.05) using SPSS. Results: The setting time of Well-Root significantly less than other sealers (p=0.00) for both initial and final setting time. Higher flow mean value presented with Well-Root and MTA Fillpex compared with than Apexit plus and Dia-Root respectively. Well-Root sealer shows significantly more solubility than other tested sealer. Film thickness of Well-Root sealer significantly less than other sealers. Well-Root sealer showed the highest alkaline value at all evaluation time followed by Dia-Root, Apexit Plus and MTA Fillapex , respectively. FTIR analysis revealed the chemical composition similarity and difference in set samples observed with change in intensities of the peaks. Conclusion: All the tested bioactive root canal sealers showed acceptable physicochemical properties.

Performance of two different electronic apex locators during the removal of calcium silicate-based sealers

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX and Propex Pixi during the retreatment of root canals obturated with different calcium silicate-based root canal sealers. Methodology: Root canals of ninety human premolar teeth were shaped with ProTaper universal rotary files up to size F2 under 5.25% NaOCl irrigation for the present study. Root canal filling was carried out by lateral condensation technique using with gutta-percha and sealers; MTA Fillapex, CeraSeal or AH Plus. After seven days, the obturating materials were removed using D-Race files. While actual working length was recorded by direct observation, electronic working lengths were determined by Propex Pixi or Root ZX for tolerance limits of 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm. Data were analyzed using Shapiro Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p &lt; 0.05). Results: The performance of Propex Pixi and Root ZX was found to be statistically similar and did not differ on the root canals filled with different root canal sealers (p &lt; 0.05). Propex Pixi and Root ZX demonstrated more accurate measurements in the range of ±1 mm compared to ±0.5 mm in all groups, regardless of the type of root canal sealer used when filling the root canals before retreatment (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Root ZX and Propex Pixi can be used confidently in the retreatment of the root canals in which CeraSeal, MTA Fillapex, and AH Plus are used as sealers. How to cite this article: Göçer PA, Durmazpınar PM, Baştürk FB. Performance of two different electronic apex locators during the removal of calcium silicate-based sealers. Int Dent Res 2023;13(S1):20-25. https://doi.org/10.5577/idr.2023.vol13.s1.3 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF 0.2% CHITOSAN, COMBINATION OF 5.25% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (NAOCL) AND 17% ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRAACETIC ACID (EDTA) AS FINAL IRRIGANTS ON PUSH-OUT BOND STRENGTH OF MTA FILLAPEX-AN IN VITRO STUDY

Context:The push-out bond strength of a sealer depends on removal of smear layer and its adhesion to dentin. This can be achieved by using potential final irrigants. Aim:To evaluate and compare effect of 0.2% chitosan and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCL) followed by 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the push-out bond strength of MTA Fillapex. Methods and Material:45 single rooted mandibular premolar teeth divided into three groups where final irrigation was done using Group 1 - 0.2% Chitosan for 1 minute Group 2 - 5.25% NaOCL followed by 17%EDTA for 1 minute Control group – 0.9% saline. Obturation was done using MTA Fillapex sealer and cold lateral compaction technique. Two horizontal sections of each sample were tested using universal testing machine for push-out bond strength. Statistical analysis used: Data was assessed using one way ANOVA with Tukeys post-hoc analysis. Results:The results showed that both in coronal and middle third, irrigation with 0.2% chitosan showed higher push-out bond strength. In intra-group comparison, coronal third showed highest pushout bond strength compared to middle third. Conclusion:0.2% chitosan can be used as an alternative to NaOCL and EDTA as it effectively removes the smear layer without causing erosionof intra-radicular dentin.

Evaluating the bioactivity of endodontic sealers with respect to their thermo-nanomechanical properties

Abstract Physico-chemical and mechanical features of endodontic sealers are essential functional properties involved in their sealing ability, osteoconductivity, and biocompatibility. Four different root canal sealers (Ceraseal, MTA Fillapex, AH Plus and Sealapex) were investigated in this study in order to evaluate the thermal and nanomechanical features in relation to their bioactivity potential. The nano-hardness values respected the descendent trend: HCeraseal &gt;HSealapex &gt;HMTA &gt;HAHPlus, being influenced by the percent of the inorganic component in the samples, identified as residual mass in TGA/DTG (Thermogravimetrical Analysis/ Derivative Thermogravimetry) thermograms. Based on electrochemical measurement in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) and surface investigations by SEM/EDX, we found that the bioactivity potential decreased in the following order: Ceraseal &gt; MTA Fillapex &gt;AH Plus &gt;Sealapex. The highest bioactivity in the case of Ceraseal was evidenced in terms of apatite-like spherulites observed to cover the surface after 28 days incubation in SBF, and Ca/P ratio 1.71, along with the dynamic release and consumption of Ca2+ and PO3− in SBF. On the opposite side, lack of mineralization was noticed on the surface of Sealapex sample. Knowledge about the proper thermo-mechanical, biological and physico-chemical properties of the root canal materials is important in order to allow a correct material selection, either as premixed or two-component formulation, requiring good sealing or immediate therapeutic effect.

Comparative Analysis of Microleakage Associated with Various Endodontic Sealers: An in-vitro Study

Introduction: The purpose of the root canal obturation is to provide a hermetic seal, that inhibits the microleakage and canal reinfection, thus the health of the periapical tissues can be preserved. It has been observed that the sealer used during endodontic therapy has a direct link with the longevity of the treatment and the occurrence of postoperative pain.&#x0D; Aim: The goal of the present study was to assess microleakage in extracted teeth of four separate endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Sealapex, MTA Fillapex, and Ceraseal) using the dye penetration method.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 84 freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were endodontically treated and obturated using four different sealers and divided into four groups along with two control groups based on the sealer used. Microleakage was checked in apical sections using the dye penetration method under the stereomicroscope.&#x0D; Results: The maximum dye penetration was seen in Sealapex whereas the least microleakage was shown by Ceraseal endodontic sealer.&#x0D; Conclusion: Maximum microleakage was seen with calcium hydroxide based (Sealapex) while the least microleakage was noticed in bioceramic based (Ceraseal) sealer group.