Reserves Of Mineral Resources Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ МИНЕРАЛЬНО-СЫРЬЕВОЙ БАЗЫ И ДИНАМИКИ ДОБЫЧИ ДРАГОЦЕННЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В МАГАДАНСКИЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The authors of the article provides data on the balance reserves of mineral resources of the Magadan region, gives characteristics of the main deposits of precious metals that form the mineral resource base of the Magadan region, analyzes the dynamics of the production of precious metals (gold, silver) in the Magadan region for the period 2021-2023, highlights shares of precious metals extraction from ore and placer deposits.

Surface Subsidence Monitoring of Mining Areas in Hunan Province Based on Sentinel-1A and DS-InSAR.

Monitoring the surface subsidence in mining areas is conducive to the prevention and control of geological disasters, and the prediction and early warning of accidents. Hunan Province is located in South China. The mineral resource reserves are abundant; however, large and medium-sized mines account for a low proportion of the total, and the concentration of mineral resource distribution is low, meaning that traditional mining monitoring struggles to meet the needs of large-scale monitoring of mining areas in the province. The advantages of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology in large-scale deformation monitoring were applied to identify and monitor the surface subsidence of coal mining fields in Hunan Province based on a Sentinel-1A dataset of 86 images taken from 2018 to 2020, and the process of developing surface subsidence was inverted by selecting typical mining areas. The results show that there are 14 places of surface subsidence in the study area, and accidents have occurred in 2 mining areas. In addition, the railway passing through the mining area of Zhouyuan Mountain is affected by the surface subsidence, presenting a potential safety hazard.

Early Warning Evaluation and Warning Trend Analysis of the Resource and Environment Carrying Capacity in Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang

Ecologically fragile areas in China account for more than half of its land area. Performing early warning assessments and trend analyses of resource and environment carrying capacity in ecologically fragile areas can lay a scientific foundation for ecological conservation in the areas. Based on the connotation of resource and environment carrying capacity, an early warning index system of resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture was constructed from the three aspects natural resource carrying capacity, eco-environment carrying capacity, and economic and social support capacity. The grey relational projection method model was used to analyze the current alarm situation of the resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture from 2011 to 2020, and then the back propagation (BP) neural network and a mathematical statistics software were used to predict the evolution of the alarm situation of the resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture from 2021 to 2025. The results demonstrated that (1) the natural resource carrying capacity subsystem was the main system of the development of the resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture, and its impact on the resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture was greater than the eco-environment carrying capacity and economic and social support capacity; (2) the resource and environmental carrying capacity of Altay prefecture showed a slight upward trend from 2011 to 2020, although the range was constrained and the level of warning remained “moderate warning”. A spatial pattern of “weak in the middle, strong in the two poles” was exhibited by the warning scenario about the carrying capacity of each county and city. Except for the warning of Habahe County and Qinghe County, where the warning was slightly worse than that in 2020, the warning of resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture and other counties and cities would show a trend of fluctuation and decline from 2021 to 2025. However, the degree of alarm did not change substantially and remained at the level of “moderate warning”; (3) the main factors restricting the mitigation of the warning of resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture included a low soil fertility index, a small total reservoir capacity, low per capita mineral resource reserves, a low water resource development and utilization rate, a low comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste, and a low land output rate.

Evaluation And Analysis Of Decision-Making on the Business Method of hhe Paseh's Strategic Business Unit (SBU) For The Stones And Non-Metallic Mine At Jasa Sarana (Bumd Of West Java)

Jasa Sarana is a BUMD Holding of the West Java Provincial Government engaged in Infrastructure. In running its business, Jasa Sarana applies the Business Strategic Unit (SBU), a rock and non-metal mineral mining business. It was initiated in 2005-2006, with a mining area of 19.45 hectares, with rock mineral resource reserves of 3.3 million BCM. However, it could only do optimized by 24% over 16 years. If done correctly, the mining business plan must be implemented for only 15 years. With a target Payback Period of 3.35 Years, an NPV of Rp. 1,641,000,000, and IRR of 20.44%. The remaining rock mineral resources currently available are 2.5 million BCM, expected to be re-developed and generate profits for the company. Jasa Sarana has carried out preparatory steps, including conducting feasibility studies and exploratory research on this mining business unit. It did expect that the losses suffered by the company could recover in a fast time. Decision-making on the right ways and methods to reactivate this Business Unit becomes a concentration of research, consisting of situation assessment, decision analysis, and analysis of potential problems. An evaluation of the situation determines the conditions and causes of business operations underperforming externally and internally. Several problems were revealed, such as corruption, mis-partners, ineffective work methods, to improper handling of mining techniques, which became the root of the problem. Jasa Sarana has several options for handling this Business Unit with several alternatives. Including running this business unit owned by providing additional capital and recruiting competent experts, looking for the right partner with the qualifications of an experienced partner, or even selling this business unit so that it does not become a burden on the company.

Prospects for the use of Arctic routes in the context of climate change and the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of the Arctic zone

The urgent need to solve environmental problems and meet the needs of people requires finding alternative ways to deliver goods in the most environmentally friendly and safe way. In addition, the climatic changes occurring on our planet open up additional prospects for the use of the Arctic for economic purposes, in particular, the use of the Northern Sea Route for cargo transportation. In the modern world economy, sea cargo transportation accounts for about 80% of all cargo transportation. The main cargo flow is carried out through the Southern Sea Route (SSR), along which goods are transported from Europe to Asia. For quite a long period of time, shipowners and logistics companies did not perceive the Arctic region as an alternative to traffic from Asia to Europe or North America, while navigation in the Arctic was much more than just transport shipping. At the same time, the situation has changed significantly in the 21stcentury. The interest in this region among the states of the Arctic zone, as well as other countries, is connected not only with the presence there of large reserves of mineral resources, solving geopolitical problems, but also the search for alternative sea routes for cargo transportation between Europe, North America and Asia. In connection with the blockade of the Suez Canal in March 2021, the question of the need to redirect cargo transportation to alternative routes – the Northern Sea Route (NSR), as part of the Northeast Passage, and the Northwest Passage became acute. The Suez Canal is the busiest and longest sea artery. In addition, this area is unsafe due to frequent attacks by pirates. Due to the geographical features of the SSR the presence of sufficiently narrow places along the route - under the condition of increasing traffic, does not contribute to the free passage of ships. Meanwhile, the active melting of the Arctic ice in the foreseeable future will allow navigation along Arctic routes at higher latitudes and without the escort of icebreaker transport. All of the above allows us to consider navigation in the Arctic latitudes as an actual alternative to the Southern Route, which will serve as the beginning of sustainable development of the Arctic region.

Regional aspects of the development of mineral resources (using the Trans-Baikal Territory as an example)

Relevance. The Trans-Baikal Territory is one of the richest in Russia in terms of reserves of mineral resources. Explored reserves of mineral resources of the region for many types of minerals are of national and strategic importance and are sources of meeting the country’s needs. The region’s work is aimed at attracting investors, including foreign ones, for the development of mineral resources and the development of infrastructure. The border neighborhood with China contributed to the fact that it became the main foreign economic partner of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The development of mining enterprises with the involvement of local labor resources in this process is an important task for solving socio-economic problems. The purpose of the work is to analyze the development of mineral resources of the southeast of the region and the results of cross-border interaction in the field of mineral resources. Comparative geographic analysis, statistical data analysis and the cartographic method were used. Results. The overview material on the state and the development of mineral resources in the southeast of the Transbaikal Territory with the results of cross-border interaction are presented. Conclusions. High dependence of the mineral resource complex on market conditions, a long period of return on investments adversely affect the development of the mineral resources of the region. In the post-perestroika period of field development in the region, the presence of a foreign investor from the countries of the Asia-Pacific region did not lead to the successful implementation of projects and did not have a significant positive impact on the socio-economic growth of the areas of their development. The presence of a large Russian investor, such as no.rilsk Nickel, ensured the success of the development project, but just one of the deposits.

An Exploratory Study of Health and Livelihood Conditions of Coal Workers in Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya

Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya is endowed with rich reserves of mineral resources. The process of coal extraction in artisanal and small-scale mining of the region is primitive, unscientific, haphazard, unchecked, absence of safety gear and illegal. Digging of coal in these areas has been carried out manually in the small deposits with no mechanisation. The objectives of the study are to examine the contribution of coal mining and related activities on employment and incomes of the people, and to study the health and livelihood conditions of coal workers. The present study was carried out in different coal mines of the Jaintia Hills district. Data were collected from randomly 150 households, using structured questionnaires during 2016–2017, and secondary information has been collected from different government offices. In this business, the coal workers get the dust and dirt while benefits accrued in few hands. At present, mining has increased the rate of disease prevalence due to the air and water pollution. The study thus shows the unscientific process of extraction, which is bound to bring a more negative rather than positive transformation in the nearby mined and un-mined areas.

Far-reaching governance of electrode potential: The case of priority in metal exploitation

Is the priority applied during metals introduction in mankind?s service responsible for the forthcoming crisis in raw materials supply? Was the priority erroneous? To solve this dilemma, the relevant characteristics of GCIAL metals were compared, the acronym standing for gold, copper, iron, aluminum and lithium. These five metals were ranged according to: 1) the time of their incorporation in exploitation, 2) their abundance in the Earth?s crust, 3) reserves of mineral resources, 4) their stability and, partially, 5) the achieved level of mankind?s scientific highlights and technical expertise in that period. It was shown that the start of exploitation of the GCIAL metals does not correlate at all with their abundance, or their reserves in nature, but there is a straight correlation with their stability in the metallic state, as expressed by the corresponding values of the normal electrode potential. This is an expected behavior because the electrode potential is an alternative way of expressing the Gibbs energy change during the oxidation/reduction electrode reaction. Such a result also eliminates any doubt of error mentioned above. Thus, it is clear that the introduction of metals in human use was determined by their nature only and has nothing in common with insufficient abundance not only for the GCIAL metals, but probably for all other ?technical metals?, the main pillars of our technical standard.

道路工程建设用地压覆矿产资源储量评估——以北京市顺义区木孙路为例

道路工程建设用地压覆矿产资源储量评估——以北京市顺义区木孙路为例

The Significance of the Resource Intensity of the Regional Economy the Development of the Oil and Gas Chemical Complex

Directions for the development of the regional petrochemical complex are directly dependent on the resource availability of the region’s territory, the level of their development, the amount of explored reserves, the volumes of extraction and rationality of use. The development and justification of the priority areas for the development of the petrochemical complex of the region for individual industries, industries and enterprises, based on the assessment of the efficiency of the use of the territory’s resources, is an important element in determining the development vector of the social and economic system of the region as a whole. The petrochemical complex of the Republic of Tatarstan includes enterprises of various petrochemical industries that produce virtually the entire range of petrochemical products. On the territory of the republic, a program has been developed and implemented that ensures sustainable reproduction and development of the mineral and raw materials base of the region, involving newly discovered minerals in the economic circulation. They allow replacing imported mineral raw materials or competing in the world market for the sale and consumption of mineral resources, products of their processing. The Republic of Tatarstan also possesses significant water and energy resources necessary for intensification of extraction and processing of raw materials by enterprises of petrochemicals. As a result of the analysis of the functioning of the petrochemical complex of this region, it was revealed that, based on the explored reserves of mineral resources, the most promising branches of the petrochemical industry are the production of organic synthesis products, which is the basis for the export of the Republic of Tatarstan. The petrochemical complex of this region is successful due to the situation on world commodity markets. The demand for mineral fertilizers and the production of organic synthesis chemistry demonstrates sustainable growth rates. The high degree of depreciation of fixed assets (more than 50%) and the insufficient level of investment are impeding the efficient functioning and dynamically developing of the petrochemical complex of the Republic of Tatarstan. In addition, the petrochemical industry is highly dependent on tariffs for the services of natural monopolies (gas, electricity), which will inevitably increase, including very significantly (to the level of European ones) due to the prevailing international situation and the natural process of the evolution of the world economy. All this can adversely affect the competitiveness of Tatarstan’s petrochemical enterprises.

Production Process Optimization of Metal Mines Considering Economic Benefit and Resource Efficiency Using an NSGA-II Model

The optimization of the production process of metal mines has been traditionally driven only by economic benefits while ignoring resource efficiency. However, it has become increasingly aware of the importance of resource efficiency since mineral resource reserves continue to decrease while the demand continues to grow. To better utilize the mineral resources for sustainable development, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model of the production process of metal mines considering both economic benefits and resource efficiency. Specifically, the goals of the proposed model are to maximize the profit and resource utilization rate. Then, the fast and elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to optimize the multi-objective optimization model. The proposed model has been applied to the optimization of the production process of a stage in the Huogeqi Copper Mine. The optimization results provide a set of Pareto-optimal solutions that can meet varying needs of decision makers. Moreover, compared with those of the current production indicators, the profit and resource utilization rate of some points in the optimization results can increase respectively by 2.99% and 2.64%. Additionally, the effects of the decision variables (geological cut-off grade, minimum industrial grade and loss ratio) on objective functions (profit and resource utilization rate) were discussed using variance analysis. The sensitivities of the Pareto-optimal solutions to the unit copper concentrate price were studied. The results show that the Pareto-optimal solutions at higher profits (with lower resource utilization rates) are more sensitive to the unit copper concentrate prices than those obtained in regions with lower profits.

矿产资源型地区生态环境损失会计预测计量研究

本文以矿产资源型地区生态环境损失会计预测计量为研究目标，指出矿产资源可采储量是会计预测计量的依据。生态环境损失预测计量可以为矿产资源型地区未来生态环境恢复和经济转型提供物质基础，并在此基础上提出矿产资源型地区生态环境损失预测计量方法，分别是系统仿真预测计量和趋势分析法，并对两类方法在预测生态环境损失方面的原理、适用性、方法和特点进行了相关说明。 Based on the forecasting and measurement of ecological environment loss accounting in mineral resources, this paper points out that the recoverable reserves of mineral resources are the basis of accounting forecasting and measurement. The measurement of ecological environment loss can provide the material basis for the future ecological environment restoration and economic transformation of mineral resource-based areas. On this basis, the method of forecasting the ecological environment loss of mineral resources is put forward, which is the system simulation forecasting and trend analysis method, and the principles, applicability, methods and characteristics of the two methods in predicting the loss of ecological environment are described.

Universities of Resources for Sustainable Development: Responding to the Current Challenges

The problem of sustainable development and the role of universities of resources, which is the scientific and educational base of the mining industry is discussed. Assessment of management effectiveness of national total capital leading mining countries in the OECD and BRICS is given. On the basis of the Hartwick-Solow criterion proposed investment areas of mineral rents in natural, produced and human capital. The main tasks of the universities resources for the sustainable development of countries with large reserves of mineral resources updated. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s4p157

The Study on Mineral Resources Crisis and Industrial Economic Development Based on Information Technology

Mineral resources are the material basis of national economic construction and people's living standards, In China more than 80% of the energy and industrial raw materials from the mineral resources, and its total ranked third in the world, while the per capita amount is less than half the world average, and is very resource scarce countries. Its reserves of mineral resources are limited, supply is limited, is a non-renewable resource. With the continuous development and utilization constantly dropped, it has exhaustible. Under certain technical conditions, continued exploitation of resources of a mineral resource reserves will gradually approaches zero. In other words, when the abundance of minerals continue to reduce, development costs continue to rise, so that the quantity demanded tends to zero, the state reached exhaustion.

Decolorization and COD Removal of Saline Brine by Ozonation

Salt lakes with large reserves of mineral resources are widely distributed in China. In addition to aboundant inorganic substances, there also exist a mass of organic compounds in the brine. It is realized these organic compounds can produce serious negative effects on the process equipment and products quality. In this work, the decolorization and COD removal of the brine by ozonation were investigated in a bubble column reactor. The effects of contact time, ozone-air flow rate, pH and temperature on the decolorization and COD removal were investigated. It was found that the decolorization and COD removal rates increased with increasing ozone-air flow rate and contact time, while increased first and then decreased with increasing temperature and pH. Under the optimal conditions, color removal reached 47.3% and COD was reduced by 42.2%. Thus, ozonation can be used as the pretreatment method for decolorization and COD removal of the brine.

BRICS Countries Challenge to the World Economy New Trends

This paper analyzes the importance of the BRICS group as representatives of emerging countries in the global economy. It is worth noting that the financial crisis had no strong effect on the BRICS group and it had a much better economic performance than developed countries. The main factors that led to the economic expansion of the group were an increased input of factors, and enormous scales of population and resources. For example, Brazil and Russia are mainly based on huge reserves of mineral resources and speculations made in international markets. China has an advantage of cheap labor and resources at low prices. India is also based on low-cost workforce. And last but not least, all the BRICS countries, except Brazil, show very high rates of investment. The current concern is to estimate whether the BRICS countries will have the same upward trend given the weakness identified within them: the high level of corruption, political different ideologies, over exposure to commodities etc.

The Regulation Mechanism Study on Mineral Resource Reserves

Deposit reserves have a role in regulating the development and utilization of mineral resources. Its core is to secure the supply of mineral resources by selecting the right sequence and optimizing the layout of mineral resources E&D. this paper devised a measuring model for the deposit reserves . Following the principle of store up in bumper years to be in ready for hard ones, and considering the particularities of deposit reserves. we concluded that: For the advantage of mineral resources, regulating reserve can realize resource advantage to economic advantage, therefore the reserve object should focus on mining right reserves. Finally, we incorporated three recommendations for the nations effort in deposit reserves: make special plans for deposit reserves, establish an organizing and leading body for deposit reserves and structure a mineral reserve system.

해저자원 탐사자료의 효율적인 활용을 위한 3차원 GIS 기반의 표출 시스템 설계 및 구축

Recently, interest of submarine mineral resources has been increasing from the depletion of land resources around the world and many countries are involving in submarine mineral resource exploration work. South Korea is also in progress of mineral exploration and relevant study to ensure the submarine mineral resources from around the Korean Peninsula. As a result, the submarine mineral resource exploration data have been increasing annually. A database and 2D GIS-based system have been constructed for the management of the data. However, submarine mineral resource exploration data is explored and created on the sea-bed. Consequently, the visual confirmation of the water levels and marine landform is important for high dimension analysis. Therefore, the major aims of this study are to collect marine landform data from around the Korean Peninsula and to develop 3 dimension GIS based system that is linked to the submarine mineral resource exploration data. In detail, marine landform data were acquired for the Korean Peninsula and they were interpolated into raster file format. The raster file was then processed to be easily used and was entered into an Oracle database. Based on this database, 3D expression and overlap function between marine landform data and submarine mineral resource exploration data were designed using ArcScene offered by the ESRI. After design, 3D GIS based expression system was developed. Confirmations of locations and changes in the submarine mineral resource exploration data based on 3D GIS are enabled to support the efficient application of the proposed system. It is expected that this system will be highly useful for estimating the reserves of mineral resources and for providing valuable information for economic evaluations.

An indicative method for determination of the most hazardous changes in slopes of the subsidence basins in underground coal mining area in Ostrava (Czech Republic)

Considering growing population and decreasing mineral resource reserves, the issue of undermining has been and shall remain very topical. This study aims to identify the mutual connections between mined out panels of a deposit and the final manifestations on the ground surface related to deep black coal mining. On the grounds of the identified connections, the study describes a method to simplify a common evaluation of undermined areas according to building site categories. Within the study, a demarcation of the areas was conducted in two localities in Czech Republic influenced by the effects of undermining in the Upper-Silesian Basin. In the allotment of the CSM Mine, an area unsuitable for founding structures was defined from the centre of the worked out workings to the distance of 175 m from the panel's edge, for which the corresponding break angle is 78.3°. Similarly, in the allotment of the Paskov Mine, an area unsuitable for founding structures was determined to the distance of 500 m from the panel's edge, for which the corresponding break angle is 50.2°. This demarcation may be implemented prior to deposit mining being aware of several physical-mechanical parameters of rocks in the deposit's overburden. Having mined out a particular section of a deposit, it is recommended to verify the values of break angle using the method described herein. The study may be applied as a relatively fast and effective method to evaluate future land use for planning.

Potentiality and balance the mineral resources of copper and gold in the exploratory-mining field of RTB Bor

RTB has the significant mineral-raw materials base or the reserves of copper and gold, which allow the exploitation for several decades. The exploratory-mining fields of RTB are located within the Bor metallogenic zone, which is spatially and genetically coincides with the 'Timok Magmatic Complex' (TMK), and includes the areas of Bor, Cerovo, Majdanpek and Čoka Marin ore fields. The cost-effectiveness of copper ore reserves are in the functional dependence primarily of the copper price on the LME stock market, copper product demand, world production of copper and costs of copper ore valorization. By detailed explorations the insufficiently explored parts of deposits, introduction the new mining methods, modern technical-technological methods for copper preparation and processing, there is a possibility that the most of off-balance reserves would be transferred into the balance reserves. The trend of high prices of copper and gold also helps the reduction of limit content, which could led to a significant increase in the reserves of mineral resources.