Mineral Products Industry Research Articles

Exploring the effect of green finance on green development of China’s energy-intensive industry—A spatial econometric analysis

An indispensable part of the green revolution is the green development of the Energy-intensive Industry (EII), which is crucial for China to achieve its “double carbon” target. EII is one of the key sectors bound by the green finance policy, whose development level is susceptible to regional conditions. Therefore, this research constructs a spatial Durbin model using provincial panel data (2001-2019) to empirically examine the impact of green finance on EII’s green total factor productivity (GTFP). Evidence shows that green finance boosts EII’s GTFP significantly and there is a spatial spillover effect. Specifically, the results demonstrate that the spatial spillover effect’s regional heterogeneity is positive in the eastern, central and northeastern regions, and negative in the weatern region. Furthermore, there is a spatial inhibitory effect on two subindustries of EII, i.e., Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products industry and Smelting and Pressing of Non-ferrous Metals industry, proving the spatial spillover effect’s sectoral heterogeneity for green finance. This research provides experimental evidence and policy suggestions for enhancing the promotion impact of green finance on EII’s GTFP.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Digital transformation, green innovation, and carbon emission reduction performance of energy-intensive enterprises

Digital transformation and green innovation are powerful initiatives to achieve carbon peaking, carbon neutrality targets and high-quality economic development. Using a sample of high energy-consuming listed enterprises from 2012 to 2021, a double fixed-effect model is constructed to verify the effect of green innovation on the carbon emission reduction performance of high energy-consuming enterprises, and digital transformation is used as a moderating variable to analyze the inner mechanism of green innovation affecting the carbon emission reduction performance of high energy-consuming enterprises under the effect of digital transformation. The empirical results show that green innovation can significantly improve the carbon emission reduction performance of energy-consuming enterprises, while digital transformation positively moderates the effect of green innovation on the carbon emission reduction performance of energy-consuming enterprises. When considering the industry heterogeneity, the moderation effect of digital transformation is significant in the chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry and the electricity and heat production and supply industry, but the petroleum processing and coking and nuclear fuel processing industry, the non-metallic mineral products industry, the ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry and the non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry are not yet significantly affected by green innovation and digital transformation. The findings of the study provide empirical evidence to promote the improvement of carbon emission reduction performance of energy-intensive enterprises in China and to achieve the "double carbon" target.

Carbon dioxide emissions forecasting and scenario analysis in China's non-metallic mineral products industry

Carbon dioxide emissions forecasting and scenario analysis in China's non-metallic mineral products industry

Import substitution Impact on Growth of Production of Mineral Products and Metallurgy: shortTerm and long-Term Forecasting of basic sectors of the National Economy

The purpose of the study is to identify ways of short- and medium-term development of mineral production and metallurgy in the Russian Federation in the context of the policy of sanctions based on economic and mathematical modeling. The impact of sanctions on production in the basic sectors of the Russian economy, as well as the impact of import substitution on production in the short- and long-term is investigated. The research methodology includes panel regression with fixed effects and Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR model). The sanctions index is calculated based on a sentimental analysis of the texts of news publications. This index is based on the results of computer analysis of a set of thematic texts (evaluation of the frequency of words and phrases, correlation analysis, case analysis based on the BERT neural network). The paper demonstrates the importance of an industry-specific approach to the implementation of import substitution policy in view of its time horizon. For example, for the mineral products industry, the current import substitution policy can be considered effective in terms of the production index forecast, and for the metallurgical industry, the import substitution policy needs to be revised, since a sharp decline is expected in the short-term when the baseline scenario is implemented, and in the long-term production stabilizes without showing growth. As a result, the efficiency of the import substitution policy is considered to be completely dependent on the industry in which it is implemented. Fund intensity and other factors affecting industry cycles must be considered in order to forecast policy results. Import substitution also has a long-term positive impact.

Development of an interactive multi-region enviro-economic equilibrium (IMR3E) model for managing inner- and inter-region carbon-emission mitigation

Under the multiple pressures of climate change, carbon mitigation and economic development, systematically studying the compound effects of economic and environmental policies on the system is desired. An interactive multi-region enviro-economic equilibrium (IMR3E) model is developed to i) explore various carbon-mitigation effects (and their interactions) under multiple policy alternatives (in terms of carbon, income and production taxes) and their combinations. ii) characterize interactions among sectoral activities of multiple provinces, as well as their inner- and inter-region social-economic and environmental (SEE) effects. It is discovered that about 20 % of the carbon emission of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is to meet the final demands in other provinces (mainly in Guangdong and Beijing) outside the YREB. The power generation sector and the non-metallic mineral products industry (including the cement industry) are the main sources of external carbon emissions. Moreover, the composite effects of the implementation of different enviro-economic policies in YREB will be amplified along with the supply chain, and are reflected in the impact on carbon emissions of different provinces. The adjustment of YREB's production tax and carbon tax will have a certain impact on the indirect emission intensity of other provinces, while the income tax will not. For system symbiosis (i.e., an ecological indicator that reflects the fitness of the entire system), adjusting production tax is the most important factor, and a lower production tax level is the most beneficial. Regarding the consumption-based carbon emission intensity of other provinces, carbon tax policy has the greatest impact, with a contribution rate of over 95 %. Moreover, the interaction of carbon tax and production tax should be fully valued when adjusting the industrial structure.

Analysis of the spatial layout and influencing factors of pollution-intensive industries based on enterprise dynamics

The studies of the spatial layout and impact mechanism of pollution-intensive industries have become one of the research hot spots for regional sustainable development. From the viewpoint of enterprise dynamics, this study used a spatial econometric model and kernel density analysis methods to analyze the spatial layout characteristics of pollution-intensive industries in the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMRYR) in 2010, 2015, and 2020, and to explore the reasons for the formation of the spatial divergence of different sub-industries. The results showed that (1) in the past decade, the pollution-intensive industries in the UAMRYR have spatial shift characteristics, basically presenting a “core-edge” pattern from central cities to peripheral cities, and an “agglomeration-diffusion-agglomeration” spatial trend. (2) Different sub-industries had obvious differences in their agglomeration and diffusion trends. The proliferation trend of the non-metallic mineral products industry and the agricultural and sideline foodstuffs processing industry were obvious, which made environmental management difficult. The manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products presented the trend of agglomeration, then diffusion, followed by agglomeration, and transferred to areas outside the urban agglomeration, which reduced the pollution to the environment to a certain extent. The spatial pattern of the electricity, heating power production and supply industry were relatively stable, with little overall change. (3) The spatial layout of pollution-intensive industries was mostly driven by the level of economic development and the degree of industrial agglomeration. Innovation capacity and labor cost promoted the spatial diffusion of industries, and the degree of trade openness intensified the agglomeration of pollution-intensive industries in space. The results of the study provided a more microscopic perspective for understanding the changes in the spatial pattern of pollution-intensive industries and served as a reference for the government to formulate industrial and environmental policies.

Tracing the CO2 emissions embodied in Chinese mainland's exports with multinational enterprises: From source to sink

The production technologies and carbon intensity of multinational enterprises (MNEs) is significantly different from those of domestic enterprises (DEs). However, there are few studies have paid attention to the enterprise ownerships in tracing the carbon emissions embodied in export (CEEE). This paper constructs a new decomposition framework of total export that considering the MNEs. Based on the OECD AMNE input-output table that distinguishing DEs and MNEs from 2005 to 2016 and the related carbon emissions data, it traces the carbon emissions embodied in Chinese mainland's exports based on the value-added trade. It separates Chinese mainland's domestic carbon emissions export (DCEE) that distinguishing enterprise ownerships, analyzes its changes, and further analyzes the differences of the DCEE between DEs and MNEs from the perspective of industrial distribution and export destinations. The results show that: (1) In addition to 2016, every year more than 10.0% of Chinese mainland's carbon emissions are used to meet the demand of foreign countries or regions, and the MNEs located in Chinese mainland has produced about 6.8%–11.1% of the DCEE. (2) About two-thirds of Chinese mainland's DCEE is produced by Chinese mainland's DEs through intermediate products export, and it is mainly concentrated in the basic metals industry, other non-metallic mineral products industry and chemicals and pharmaceutical products industry. (3) In terms of the DCEE through intermediate products export, the industrial distributions of the DEs and the MNEs are similar, and they both mainly concentrate in the three industries mentioned earlier; While for the final products export, it has much difference that labor-intensive processing trade is mainly produced by the DEs. (4) In terms of the main export destination regions of the DCEE, the DEs and MNEs are very similar both for the intermediate products export and the final products export. And ROW and USA are the biggest export destinations, followed by JPN, KOR, IND, GBR, DEU, etc. The research results of this article have important research significance for promoting the achievement of China's dual carbon goals.

KOBİ’lerin İşletmeden İşletmeye (B2B) E-Ticareti Benimsemesinde Etkili Olan Faktörler: Toprağa Dayalı Ürünler Sektöründe Bir Uygulama

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, internet kullanımının hızla artmasıyla bilgi tabanlı bir ekonomik düzen oluşmuştur. Bilgi teknolojisi, büyümenin önemli bir itici gücü olduğu yeni ekonomik dönemde, işletmeden işletmeye (B2B) e-ticarete katılmak bir şirket başarısının önemli bir etkeni ve özellikle küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin hayatta kalması için bir önkoşul olmaktadır. B2B e-ticaretin benimsenmesinde küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler (KOBİ) sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışma kapsamında Türkiye'deki KOBİ'lerin B2B e-ticareti benimsenmesinde etkili olan kriterlerin neler olduğu ve bu kriterlerin önem dereceleri çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden biri olan Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra B2B e-ticaretin benimsemesinin KOBİ'ler için önemi ve etkileri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Böylece işletmelerin B2B e-ticareti benimseme ve kullanımı sürecinde yapması gereken hususlara ait öneriler sunulmuştur.

The impact of supply chain integration from the Service‐Dominant Logic perspective: Operant resources and value generation

AbstractThis paper analyzes from the perspective of Service‐Dominant Logic how value is generated through supply chain integration. The inclusion of the Service‐Dominant Logic together with the Transaction Costs Economy and the Resource Based View allows exploring ways of explaining the generation of value that have been seldom studied. In particular, the role of specific resources, governance form, and information sharing are analyzed in the Spanish mining and manufacture of nonmetallic mineral products industry. The hypotheses generated are tested with structural equation modeling. The sample size was 276 cases. The findings support the importance of governance form and relation‐specific resources as operant resources, as well as the importance of the latter in amplifying the governance form's effect. Five operant resources are identified: information sharing, governance form, relation‐specific resources, trust, and relational commitment. These resources outline three ways of value generation.

Industrial settlement in Diyala District, Baquba and Baladrooz as a model

The research aims to identify the reality of industrial settlement, Diyala Governorate, as a judicial model in Baqubah and Baladruz The research problem is to answer the following question: What is the current reality of industrial settlement in the study area? The study area is characterized by the presence of industrial diversity and different sizes, including large, medium and small, as the industrial activity varies between food industries, basic equipment industry (electrical industries), coke industry, refined petroleum products, and large-sized non-metallic mineral products industry with a total of (72) factories, as well as medium-sized industries. Which included the food industries that were concentrated within the district of Baquba only, and the construction industries that settled in the study area with a total of (17) factories, as well as small-sized industries, which formed the largest industrial settlement in the study areas (Baquba and Baladruz) and the largest number in terms of factories that reached (1067) factories, which varied between food, basic metal, construction and wood industries, which were distributed within the study area. As for other manufacturing industries and textile industries, they were concentrated in Baquba district in particular. The most important conclusions reached by the research were the following

The product space and evolution of international competitiveness—evidence from China’s strategic and critical mineral articles

Clarifying the evolution of international competitiveness for strategic and critical mineral articles is of great significance for promoting new energy development and achieving carbon neutrality in China. This study, therefore, calculates the series of indicators based on product space theory, for instance, international import & export shares, revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and product density, to analyze the competitiveness evolution. Results show that: the international competitiveness of China’s strategic and critical mineral articles demonstrated a declining tendency, and the rising percentage of imports was much larger than the decreasing export percentage. The evolution of the international competitiveness of 11 strategic and critical minerals is different. Among them, the international competitiveness of two articles is very strong, that of four articles is relatively weak, and that of three products is decreasing trend. From the perspectives of industrial sectors and trade, we analyze the underlying reasons for the competitiveness evolution of 11 strategic and critical mineral articles in detail and discuss the industry transformation and upgrade feasibility for strategic and critical mineral articles. Our work aims to provide strong support for the upgrading and high-quality development of the strategic and critical mineral products industry by providing corresponding policy suggestions.

Effects of the green finance policy on the green innovation efficiency of the manufacturing industry: A difference-in-difference model

This study examined the impact of green finance policy on the green innovation efficiency (GIE) of the manufacturing industry in China based on data between 2005 and 2019 using a difference-in-difference model. The results indicate that implementing the green finance policy reduced the GIE of heavy-polluting industries compared with that of non-heavy-polluting industries. In terms of industry-specific heterogeneity, the green finance policy had a significant negative effect on the GIE of the textile industry, non-metallic mineral products industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, chemical fiber manufacturing industry, metal product industry, leather and other related industries, and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. However, it had a significant positive effect on the GIE of the chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industry, agricultural and sideline food processing industry, and papermaking and paper product industry. Furthermore, it also promotes the GIE of environment-friendly industries. In terms of factor heterogeneity, the green finance policy has had a positive effect on GIE improvement in technology- and capital-intensive industries. Moreover, it has inhibited GIE improvement in labor-intensive industries. To promote the GIE in manufacturing, a series of policy recommendations have been put forward.

Driving factors and key emission reduction paths of Xinjiang industries carbon emissions: An industry chain perspective

As a typical resource-based region, Xinjiang is under increasing pressure to reduce carbon emissions. The ability to identify the drivers of carbon emissions in the industry and mapping out key emission reduction paths are core components of achieving carbon emission reduction in Xinjiang. This research incorporates energy and environmental factors, constructs a hybrid input–output model of “energy-environment-economy,” and uses the environmental input–output structural decomposition (EIO-SDA) and structural path decomposition (SPD) methods to analyze the drivers of carbon emissions from energy consumption and key emission reduction paths in Xinjiang. First, it shows that the economic-scale effect and the energy-intensity effect are the biggest facilitators of carbon emissions and most significant barriers to carbon emission reduction in Xinjiang. Second, capital formation and domestic trade are the primary sources of demand driving changes in carbon emissions in Xinjiang. Third, sectors involving the production and supply of electricity and heat, such as heavy manufacturing and energy industries, including petroleum processing, coking, nuclear, fuel processing, and chemical industries, are the key sectors responsible for carbon emission reduction in Xinjiang. Last, in terms of industry chains, “metal smelting and rolling processing industry/non-metallic mineral products industry—construction industry—fixed capital formation” and “oil and gas extraction industry (S20)—(intermediate sector)—final demand” are the most important paths driving the growth and decline of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Xinjiang industries, respectively. To promote Xinjiang's carbon emission reduction targets, the Xinjiang government should actively improve its energy structure, promote a change in demand growth patterns, and formulate comprehensive management policies for high-carbon-transfer industries according to an industry chain perspective.

Analysis of incidence characteristics and trend of pneumoconiosis in Ningbo City from 1967 to 2019

Objective: To understand the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Ningbo city from 1967 to 2019, and to analyze the distribution characteristics and change trend of pneumoconiosis. Methods: In February 2021, the data of pneumoconiosis patients in Ningbo city from 1967 to 2019 were sorted out. The data from 1967 to 1987 were from historical case files of Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the data from 1988 to 2005 were from the historical case files of Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the data from 2006 to 2019 were from the pneumoconiosis report card in China Disease Prevention and Control Information System; Followed up and supplement relevant information, including basic information, basic information of employers and information related to pneumoconiosis diagnosis, and comprehensively analyze the composition and development trend, population characteristics and industry characteristics of pneumoconiosis. Results: From 1967 to 2019, a total of 1715 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Ningbo City, including 1254 cases of stageⅠpneumoconiosis, 258 cases of stageⅡpneumoconiosis, 172 cases of stage Ⅲpneumoconiosis. 1202 cases of silicosis (70.09%) , 296 cases of asbestosis (17.26%) , 40 cases of welder's pneumoconiosis (2.33%) , 32 cases of graphite pneumoconiosis (1.87%) were reported. There were 1296 male cases (75.57%) and 419 female cases (24.43%) were reported. Silicosis (91.15%, 1102/1209) and welder's pneumoconiosis (100.00%, 40/40) were the most common pneumoconiosis in males, while asbestosis (90.24%, 268/297) and graphite pneumoconiosis (87.50%, 28/32) were the most common pneumoconiosis in females. The average age was (49.71±10.90) years old and the average length of service was (10.98±6.96) years. The top three reported pneumoconiosis cases were construction industry (336 cases, 19.59%) , ferrous metal smelting and rolling industry (317 cases, 18.48%) and non-metallic mineral products industry (315 cases, 18.37%) . The top three reported pneumoconiosis cases were 414 cases (24.14%) in Ninghai County, 294 cases (17.14%) in Yuyao City and 272 cases (15.86%) in Yinzhou District. Conclusion: With the development of industries in Ningbo City, government departments should strengthen supervision and management of enterprises involving silica dust and welding fume to curb the high incidence of pneumoconiosis.

Structural paths of changes in CO2 emissions in the Chinese construction industry

The construction industry contributes significantly to CO2 emissions in China. Understanding the changes in construction CO2 emissions is important for mitigating the emissions. This study examined the structural paths of changes in construction CO2 emissions in China during 2002–2017 by using structural path decomposition analysis. The results demonstrate that construction CO2 emissions increased considerably during the periods of 2002–2007, 2007–2012, and 2012–2017. The final demand effect contributed most to the emission increases, followed by the production structure effect and energy intensity effect. The critical paths contributing to the production structure effect were also identified. “Non-metallic mineral products industry→construction industry” was the critical path to the emission increases. On this path, the final demand effect and energy intensity effect were the main drivers. This study’s findings can help policymakers better understand the dynamics of construction CO2 emissions and thus formulate effective policies to reduce the emissions.

Structural path and sensitivity analysis of the CO2 emissions in the construction industry

The CO2 emissions in the construction industry contribute considerably to total CO2 emissions in the world. It is of great significance to analyze and reduce the construction CO2 emissions in order to mitigate global warming. However, little literature has studied the paths and sensitivity of construction CO2 emissions collectively. Therefore, this study assesses the structural paths and sensitivity of construction CO2 emissions in China, India, Japan, Russia, and USA in 2015 by applying the multi-regional structural path analysis model and sensitivity analysis model, respectively. The results demonstrate that the structural paths of which producing industries were the domestic electricity, gas and water industry, petroleum, chemical, and non-metallic mineral products industry, construction industry, and transport industry contributed greatly to the construction CO2 emissions in the five regions. The top ten structural paths contributed 44.2%, 54.9%, 41.8%, 63.2%, and 51.3% of the construction CO2 emissions in the five regions, respectively. The direct emissions and “domestic electricity industry→domestic construction industry” were consistently among the most significant three paths in the five regions except for India. The construction CO2 emissions in the five regions were most sensitive to the interrelationship of “domestic petroleum, chemical, and non-metallic mineral products industry→domestic construction industry”. The producing and domestic electricity industries dominated the elasticity of the construction CO2 emissions in the five regions to the most sensitive three interrelationships. This study can provide reference for policymakers to formulate effective policies to mitigate the construction CO2 emissions.

Efficiency and convergence of China’s export trade embodied carbon emissions

Based on the input-output data from 2002 to 2017, this paper combined the three-stage DEA model with the non-competitive I-O model and measured the embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s 26 product sectors, and further investigated its influencing factors and convergence issues. The results of the study showed that: ①The embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s overall product sector demonstrated a positive development trend from 2002 to 2017, and this positive trend was more obvious after the implementation of conservation culture construction in 2012. But the differences of embodied carbon emission efficiency level among the product sectors were still significant. ② Measured by the K-means clustering analysis method, this study found that agriculture, other service industries, wholesale and retail industries, catering industry, construction industry and manufacturing industry with strong innovation ability were mostly concentrated at high and medium efficiency levels, while industrial sectors with resource dependence and high energy consumption, such as metal smelting and rolling processing industries, non-metallic mineral products industry, and coal mining industry, were at a low efficiency level. ③ All product sectors had σ convergence, absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence during 2002–2010 and 2010–2017, and the level of each product sector in 2010–2017 was higher than that in 2002–2010 according to the perspective of convergence speed and degree of convergence. ④ Technological progress had not fully played a role in suppressing energy consumption and improving the efficiency of embodied carbon efficiency, and it would also widen the gap between the embodied carbon emission efficiency levels of various product sectors. The expansion of trade scale could effectively improve carbon emission efficiency and narrow the gap between sectors. Environmental regulation could effectively promote the improvement of embodied carbon emission efficiency but would widen the level gap between sectors. These findings indicate that China needs to build a sound environmental regulation system for the development of low-carbon trade, continue to reasonably expand the scale of trade, eliminate backward industries with production capacity, vigorously develop low-carbon technologies such as new energy, strengthen the exchange of low-carbon technologies and industrial cooperation among sectors, and promote coordinated development among industries.

Analyzing the features of energy consumption and carbon emissions in the Upper Yangtze River Economic Zone

AbstractAs a vital resource endowment area and ecological barrier area in China, low‐carbon development in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is of great significance. This paper compiled the emission inventory in the Upper Yangtze River Economic Zone in the IPCC regional emission accounting method framework and used the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model to evaluate economic development and carbon emissions. Finally, this paper used the time series method to predict carbon emissions to 2030. We find that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions increased rapidly from 2004 to 2012. The average annual growth rate reached 9.16%. After 2012, carbon emissions in the region no longer grow steadily but fluctuate or even decline. The secondary industry contributed 79.77%, the tertiary industry contributed 17.78%, and the primary industry only 2.45% from 2000 to 2015. From the industrial sector and energy consumption, thermoelectricity production and supply division and nonmetallic mineral products industry are the sectors with the most CO2 emissions, accounting for 35.54% and 13.34%, respectively. Raw coal and coke are the main factors causing emissions. Nearly 61.32% of the carbon dioxide produced by raw coal comes from the electricity production sector. However, from 2011 to 2015, the CO2 emissions of raw coal decreased year by year, down by 23.32%. The impact of economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions supports the EKC hypothesis. The CO2 emissions in the Upper Yangtze River Economic Zone will decline after 2020, but Chongqing has shown an upward trend. With the above results, provinces and cities can optimize the regional industrial structure based on sectoral carbon emissions. The study area needs to develop clean energy to optimize the coal‐led energy consumption structure. Provinces and cities in the district can learn from each other's advanced emission reduction experience. © 2021 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of atmospheric NO2 and SO2 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Emergency response mechanisms were activated throughout China during the COVID-19 outbreak. It is different from the temporary, partial, and limited pollution control measures taken to ensure the regional environmental quality during several important events such as the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). During the COVID-19 epidemic period, extensive movement of people and almost all unnecessary industrial production (necessary industrial production refers to the production of food, epidemic prevention materials, etc.) have been severely restricted, so transportation and industrial production have been greatly reduced. This is a rare extreme emission reduction scenario that presents a unique opportunity for atmospheric research. In this study, based on hourly mass concentration data of NO2 and SO2 from atmospheric monitoring sites in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region during the COVID-19 epidemic period, the changes in transportation and industrial production in the region, data statistics, and spatial analysis were used to analyze the pollution changes and their causes. The results indicate that the NO2 and SO2 concentrations in the BTH region decreased significantly during the epidemic period. The spatial distribution pattern of NO2 pollution in the BTH region was “high in the southeast and low in the northwest,” and SO2 pollution in the BTH region was high in the southern and eastern parts of Hebei. The initiation of emergency response level 1 had an obvious effect on reducing NO2 and SO2 pollution in the region, while the impact of emergency response level 2 and below was limited. Compared with the single traffic control, the comprehensive control, similar to the emergency response, had a better effect on reducing NO2 pollution in the region. The control of major large cities in the region also had a certain effect on alleviating NO2 and SO2 pollution in the entire region. Moreover, for activities under short-term control, it is particularly important to guard against the “retaliatory growth” after the control is lifted. By reducing and controlling some polluting industries in industrial production, the degree of NO2 and SO2 pollution in the region can be effectively reduced. The manufacturing industry of chemical raw materials and the chemical products and non-metallic mineral products industry made a great contribution to the change in industrial source pollution emissions in the BTH region during the COVID-19 epidemic. Road traffic emissions remained an important source of NO2 emissions in the BTH region during this period. NO2 emission reduction can be effectively achieved by controlling road traffic and transportation.

Epidemiological characteristics of new pneumoconiosis in different industries in Tianjin

Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics of new pneumoconiosis in different industries in Tianjin from 2009 to 2018, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods: In November 2019, the data of new pneumoconiosis cases in Tianjin from 2009 to 2018 were collected and classified according to difference industries. The epidemiological characteristics of new pneumoconiosis in different industries were analyzed based on time, type of pneumoconiosis, type of work, age, and working age. Results: A total of 4657 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Tianjin from 2009 to 2018, 4640 cases (99.63%) in the first stage, 13 cases (0.28%) in the second stage, and 4 case (0.09%) in the third stage. The number of new cases increased with time and then decreased. Among them, there were 3482 males (74.77%) and 1175 females (25.23%) . The proportion of women with new pneumoconiosis in the non-metallic mineral products industry was the highest, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . There are differences in the distribution of new pneumoconiosis species in different industries (χ(2)=4920.11, P<0.05) . Silicosis is mainly distributed in non-metallic mineral products industry, metal smelting and rolling processing industry, petroleum processing coking and nuclear fuel processing industries. Foundry worker's pneumoconiosis is mainly distributed in the general equipment manufacturing industry and special equipment manufacturing industry, and cement pneumoconiosis is mainly distributed in the non-metallic mineral products industry. The types of work are mainly distributed in smelting, casting, raw materials and forming workers, and the sum of the three accounts for 36.46% (1689/4657) . The M (P(25), P(75)) of diagnosis age was 56.0 (50.0, 63.0) years, and the M (P(25), P(75)) of working age was 19.0 (16.0, 26.0) years. The working age of new pneumoconiosis patients in the petroleum processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing industries is 19.0 (16.0, 26.0) years, which is shorter than that of other industries (P<0.05) ; The diagnostic age of the general equipment manufacturing industry is 54.0 (49.0, 59.0) years, which is less than that of other industries (P<0.05) . New pneumoconiosis is mainly distributed in large and medium-sized enterprises. New cases of pneumoconiosis in non-metallic mineral products industry, metal smelting, calendar processing industry and general equipment manufacturing industry are mainly distributed in large and medium-sized enterprises. New cases of pneumoconiosis in the metal products industry, special equipment manufacturing industry and petroleum processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing industries are mainly distributed in large enterprises. Conclusion: The work of preventing and controlling pneumoconiosis in Tianjin has a long way to go. We should implement targeted measures according to the characteristics of pneumoconiosis industry, strengthen the supervision of hazard industries, and effectively control the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.