Mineral Deposition In Tissues Research Articles

Dietary supplementation with increasing doses of an organic micromineral complex on juvenile Nile tilapia: Effects on the antioxidant defense system and tissue deposition

The effect of increasing amounts (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of dietary supplementation with an organic micromineral complex (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se) on antioxidant defenses and mineral deposition in tissues of Nile tilapia juveniles was evaluated, where 100% supplementation represented the average adopted by the feed industry in Brazil. Fish (initial weight 23.93 ± 0.80 g) were fed until apparent satiation twice a day for 56 days. The maximum deposition of Fe and Zn in the hepatopancreas occurred in fish given approximately 50% supplementation, whereas the deposition of Mn and Se increased linearly with the inclusion of the complex. The activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the hepatopancreas decreased in fish fed the 50% dose, when compared to those not receiving mineral supplementation or those receiving higher doses. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the hepatopancreas increased as the dietary Se concentration increased. However, the concentration of metallothionein in the hepatopancreas showed an inverse relationship to the increase in dietary supplementation of the organic mineral complex. There was no relationship between the doses of organic micromineral supplementation and the activities of GPx, reduced glutathione, non-protein thiols, or protein carbonylation. However, diets supplemented with 50% to 100% promoted greater GPx activity when compared to the 0% supplemented diet. Supplementation with intermediate doses of organic microminerals, approximately 50% of that used in commercial tilapia diets, promoted the homeostasis of metal metabolism, especially for Fe and Zn.

Phytomonitoring study on intra urban variations of leaves of some evergreen and deciduous trees

This paper explores the hypothesis that the action of stressors changes the state of mineral content at different stages in the leaf development in urban environment, in sites close to the major traffic roads. We evaluate a low-cost method to assess urban habitat quality with relatively easy sampling and no need for complicated and expensive equipment. The method is based on quantifying gravimetric (leaf dry weight – LDW, oganic weight in leaves – LO, ash weight in leaves – LA) and physiological (leaf mineral content – LMC, leaf organic content – LOC, leaf organic content/leaf mineral content ratio – LOC/LMC, leaf mineral deposition in tissues – LTDM) parameters. These parameters are relatively simple, accurate, and inexpensive and can be quickly determined. Kruskal–Wallis tests were used in order to compare LDW, LA, LO, LMC, LOC, LTDM and LOC/LMC among the eight species (Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Tilia platyphyllos, Tilia tomentosa, Aesculus hippocastanum, Aesculus × carnea, Taxus baccata, Picea abies). All these species are considered as valuable forest and decorative ones recommended for planting in the green zones of the towns. These tree species are easily identified, widely distributed, and widely used in bioindication studies. The variable mineral content within leaves can be explained by environmental effects, as well as by the physiological differences between species. Species that exhibit phenotypic plasticity with respect to these parameters (Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Tilia platyphyllos, Tilia tomentosa) reflect changes in the urban environment. With a high mineral content, A. carnea is more suited for the urban environment than A. hippocastanum. Taking into account the existing conditions in Timisoara, we consider evergreen species (T. baccata, P. abies) to be inadequate for cultivation in areas with heavy road traffic because they show stability in leaf mineral content.

Comparison of Inorganic and Organically Bound Trace Minerals on Tissue Mineral Deposition and Fecal Excretion in Broiler Breeders.

This study investigated the effects of replacement of inorganic trace minerals (ITMs) by organic trace minerals (OTMs) on tissue mineral retention and fecal excretion in "Zhen Ning" yellow feather broiler breeders. Six hundred hens (initial BW: 1.70 ± 0.07kg) aged 40weeks were randomly divided into five treatments, with four replicates of 30 broiler breeders each. Experimental treatments were as follows: (1) ITM (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Se providing commercially recommended concentrations), (2) L-ITM (50% of the ITM, except for Se), (3) VL-OTM (37.5% of the ITM, except for Se), (4) L-OTM (equivalent to L-ITM), and (5) OTM (62.5% of the ITM, except for Se). The duration of the study was 10weeks including 2weeks for adaptation. Compared with the L-ITM treatment, high-level supplementation of minerals in ITM and OTM increased the concentration of serum Mn and Se, pectoral Fe and pancreas Cu, and Fe (P < 0.05). Birds fed with OTM dietary exhibited comparable mineral retention in muscle compared with ITM. Differences were observed between L-ITM and L-OTM in serum Mn and Se, pectoral Fe, Zn, and Se, and heart Se with L-OTM retaining higher mineral concentrations than L-ITM (P < 0.05). L-OTM retained identical concentration with ITM treatment, except for the pancreatic Fe. All three organic diets reduced the Zn in excreta compared with the two inorganic diets (P < 0.05). This study indicates that replacement of dietary ITMs by OTMs improved mineral deposition in tissues and reduced fecal mineral excretion in broiler breeders under the conditions of this study.

The differences between copper sulfate and tribasic copper chloride on growth performance, redox status, deposition in tissues of pigs, and excretion in feces

ObjectiveThe objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of adding 130 mg/kg Cu from either copper sulfate (CS) or tribasic copper chloride (TBCC) on growth performance, mineral deposition in tissues, and the excretion in feces of pigs as well as changes in the mineral contents in tissues and feces when the supplemental Cu level was decreased from 130 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg.MethodsA total of 72 pigs (32.6±1.2 kg) were randomly assigned to a CS diet or a TBCC diet with 6 pens per treatment. The trial lasted 102 d and included 3 phases (phase 1, 1 to 30 d; phase 2, 31 to 81 d; and phase 3, 82 to 102 d). The supplemental levels of Cu in the 2 treatments were 130 mg/kg in phase 1 and 2 and 10 mg/kg in phase 3.ResultsThe results showed that pigs fed the CS diet tended to have higher average daily gain than pigs fed the TBCC diet during d 1 to 81 (p<0.10). Compared with CS, TBCC increased the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), ceruloplasmin, and superoxide dismutase in serum on d 30 (p<0.05). The TBCC decreased the Cu level in the liver on d 81 (p<0.05) and increased the Mn level in the liver on d 102 (p<0.05). The concentration of Cu in feces sharply decreased when the supplemental Cu level in diet changed from 130 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg in both diets (p<0.05).ConclusionThe result suggested that TBCC and CS had no significant difference on growth performance but TBCC had higher activities of AST and antioxidant enzymes and lower liver Cu than CS when pigs fed diets with 130 mg Cu/kg diet.

Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae) in the urban environment: seasonal fluctuations of plant traits and their relationship with meteorological factors

Plants can be used as effective bioindicators of the quality of the urban habitat. In this study, physiological traits were examined in plants growing outdoors, in the proximity of a road. All material was collected from robust, well-grown plants. All measurements were performed during the generative phase. Here, the evaluations of some gravimetric parameters (fresh weight, turgid weight, dry weight, water content, ash content) and physiological parameters (initial water content, mineral content, organic content, organic content/mineral content ratio, succulence, mineral deposition in tissues, tissues density, leaf relative water content, specific leaf area) were calculated for &lt;em&gt;Taraxacum officinale&lt;/em&gt; from urban unmanaged areas, across the different seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare these traits in leaves, scapes, and roots. Initial water content and relative water content are good indicators of water status in &lt;em&gt;T. officinale&lt;/em&gt;. With regard to succulence, its level was generally considerably lower in roots than in aboveground organs. The mineral content differed significantly among plant organs. For all the parameters analyzed, the most considerable seasonal differences were found in leaves. The Spearman correlations were calculated for the relations between plant traits. Mineral deposition in tissues is the most sensitive parameter, regardless of the organ. The data were subjected to Spearman correlation and linear regression analysis for each physiological parameter and some meteorological factors. The strongest association was generally found with the wind. Variations in the investigated parameters in roots and scapes are more associated with meteorological factors. &lt;em&gt;Taraxacum officinale&lt;/em&gt; plants are able to tolerate urban conditions in proximity to a road. Plastic responses to environmental cues make the plant useful in biomonitoring the quality of the urban habitat.

Mineral deposition in tissues of cattle fed with different phosphates and relationships phosphorus: fluorine

Forty-nine male calves were allotted in a randomized design, initially seven replicates per treatment at the end of the experiment were slaughtered four animals per treatment. Treatments CONT: control diet; FBC120: Dicalcium Phosphate 120:1 ratio P: F; MBC60: Monodicalcium phosphate 60:1 ratio P:F; FBC30: Dicalcium Phosphate 30:1 ratio P:F; SFT30: Super triple phosphate 30:1 ratio P:F; FBC10: Dicalcium Phosphate 10:1 ratio P:F; CAR10: concentrated ratio of 10:1 rock Q:F. Phosphates less elaborate showed higher amounts of heavy metals. In bones, iron, aluminum and lead were higher in FBC10 diet, the copper content was higher in animals fed the diet MBC60. Magnesium in liver was higher in animals fed diet FBC30, aluminum was higher for treatments SFT30 and FBC10, FBC120 and the cadmium and lead levels were higher in animals that received STF30. Treatments did not affect phosphorus and fluorine in muscle and heart, being that chromium was higher in the muscle of animals fed diets CAR10 and STF30 while cadmium in heart was greater in diet CAR10. Kidney phosphorus was higher in the animals fed the diet CAR10 and lower dietary FBC10, while aluminum was higher in the animals fed with the diet FBC10 and lower dietary FBC120 and levels of chromium and lead were higher in animals CAR10 diet and lowest in diet MBC60. Alternative sources of phosphorus and low ratios P:F increased the deposition of minerals in bones and liver, and this mineral deposition was lower in the muscles.

Fontes de minerais orgânicos e inorgânicos para leitões desmamados

A presente pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de comparar os efeitos de fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas de microminerais sobre o desempenho, os parâmetros sanguíneos e a deposição de minerais em tecidos e órgãos de leitões desmamados. Foram utilizados 54 leitões de genética comercial, desmamados com idade média de 24 dias e peso médio de 7,35±0,88kg, num delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos, nove repetições e três animais por parcela. Os tratamentos foram representados pelo uso de rações suplementadas com minerais de fontes orgânicas ou inorgânicas (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn e Se) no período dos 24 aos 57 dias de idade. Foram avaliados o consumo diário de ração, o ganho diário de peso, a conversão alimentar, os parâmetros hematológicos e a deposição de minerais em tecidos e órgãos. As fontes orgânicas de minerais nas rações fornecidas dos 24 aos 57 dias de idade melhoraram o ganho diário de peso (P=0,06) e a conversão alimentar (P=0,05) e aumentaram o número de hemáceas (P=0,10), contudo não influenciaram a deposição de minerais no músculo masseter, fígado, coração, baço e rim. Portanto, o suplemento de minerais de fontes orgânicas foi mais eficiente para o desempenho dos leitões na fase de creche.