Mining Park Research Articles

Research on the Expression of Naturalistic Style in the Landscape Design of Xuzhou Abandoned Mine Park

In recent years, more and more mines have been left idle, and the formed mine wasteland has become a visual pollution of the urban landscape, and the study of landscape design of mine parks has become a focal topic. To address this issue, the sample of this study was selected from Xuzhou Anran Mountain Quarry Abandoned Quarry, to enhance the ecological environment and landscape value of the site through the sample's naturalistic style design and performance. The goal of the study is to explore the innovative design and performance of naturalistic style in the landscape of Xuzhou abandoned quarry park. Methods of this study: observation forms, questionnaires and interview forms, relevant cases and other research methods were used to analyse the overview of mine transformation in China, the landscape characteristics, ecological status and problems of Xuzhou mine wasteland. The design strategy of naturalistic style in the landscape of Xuzhou mine park is proposed.The results of the study show that (1) mine rehabilitation. China's big cities have more mine rehabilitation, and the proportion of cases in small cities is relatively small. (2) Characteristic aspects. Abandoned mines in Xuzhou are characterised by serious ecological damage and chaotic and dilapidated site landscapes. (3) Design strategy. It should be carried out from the ecological restoration and management of the site environment, the aesthetic expression of naturalistic landscape, and the use of natural elements and natural materials. In addition, through the in-depth analysis of the sample landscape design, the originally desolate abandoned mine was transformed into a naturalistic style landscape space, adopting ecological and cultural strategies. The results of the study contribute to the ecological and economic development of the region, and also provide theoretical and practical guidance for the rehabilitation of other mines in China.

Research on the Expression of Naturalistic Style in the Landscape Design of Xuzhou Abandoned Mine Park

In recent years, more and more mines have been left idle, and the formed mine wasteland has become a visual pollution of the urban landscape, and the study of landscape design of mine parks has become a focal topic. To address this issue, the sample of this study was selected from Xuzhou Anran Mountain Quarry Abandoned Quarry, to enhance the ecological environment and landscape value of the site through the sample's naturalistic style design and performance. The goal of the study is to explore the innovative design and performance of naturalistic style in the landscape of Xuzhou abandoned quarry park. Methods of this study: observation forms, questionnaires and interview forms, relevant cases and other research methods were used to analyse the overview of mine transformation in China, the landscape characteristics, ecological status and problems of Xuzhou mine wasteland. The design strategy of naturalistic style in the landscape of Xuzhou mine park is proposed.The results of the study show that (1) mine rehabilitation. China's big cities have more mine rehabilitation, and the proportion of cases in small cities is relatively small. (2) Characteristic aspects. Abandoned mines in Xuzhou are characterised by serious ecological damage and chaotic and dilapidated site landscapes. (3) Design strategy. It should be carried out from the ecological restoration and management of the site environment, the aesthetic expression of naturalistic landscape, and the use of natural elements and natural materials. In addition, through the in-depth analysis of the sample landscape design, the originally desolate abandoned mine was transformed into a naturalistic style landscape space, adopting ecological and cultural strategies. The results of the study contribute to the ecological and economic development of the region, and also provide theoretical and practical guidance for the rehabilitation of other mines in China.

La vulnerabilidad de los derechos laborales de los trabajadores mineros en el Parque Industrial El Pache, provincia de El Oro

This article examines the violations of the rights of informal workers in the gold mining park in the El Pache area of ​​the Portovelo canton, province of El Oro. Portovelo, being considered the first mining center in Ecuador, its economy is based on commercialization of gold to a greater degree compared to the rest of economic activities. This study identifies factors that contribute to poor working conditions, as well as establishing measures to reduce risks and promote better working conditions. Through a mixed methodology such as interviews, document reviews and statistical analysis, urgent topics that require the attention of government authorities come to light. A broad understanding of violations of workers' rights requires consideration of aspects such as labor regulations, employment contracts, working hours, appropriate remuneration and benefits, health and safety at work, termination of contracts and union dynamics. Analyzes describe that these violations are often related to poor implementation and compliance by employers, poor contractual agreements, non-payment of overtime, lack of social benefits and weak or non-existent collective bargaining contribute to the violations of labor rights, which establishes the urgent need to improve supervision by the entities in charge of effective regulatory compliance.

RGO/CuCl-Based Flexible Gas Sensor for High-Concentration Carbon Monoxide Gas Detection at Room Temperature.

Carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensors are widely used, especially for environmental monitoring in confined spaces such as the landscape of mining cave ruins in mining parks, which is essential for ensuring the health and safety of tourists and staff. In this paper, a flexible CO gas sensor based on polyimide, interdigital electrodes, and reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/cuprous chloride (CuCl) composite film is designed and manufactured for reliable room temperature detection of high-concentration CO gas. The structure size of RGO/CuCl gas-sensitive film is 5 × 5 mm. The RGO with a 62.65% C-C bond is prepared by the thermal reduction method. The test results show that the sensor has a high response in the range of 400-2000 ppm CO gas concentration, and the maximum response is 1.56. The linear correlation coefficient of the sensor is 0.981, which indicates that the sensor has good output response characteristics. The response time of the sensor for 400 ppm CO gas is 332 s, which indicates that the sensor has a fast response rate. Furthermore, compared with other gases, the sensor shows higher gas selectivity for CO gas. This sensor has the characteristics of small size and easy attachment; therefore, it can be installed on the shoulder or helmet of tourists' safety suits, providing personalized real-time warning prompts for tourists' physical health status.

Unveiling the Legacy of the Nineteenth Century Riotinto Mining Railway: From Historic Heritage to Thriving Tourist Attraction

The Riotinto mining railway is a remarkable construction. Stretching an impressive 348 km it was built between 1873 and 1875 to transport minerals from Riotinto’s mining operations to the international port of Huelva. At its height in the 1950’s, this monumental railway network had a fleet of 162 locomotives (mostly steam but also diesel and electric) and around 3,300 freight cars and carriages. Towards the end of the 1960’s the line began to fall into disuse, and it was closed entirely in 1984. Since the establishment of the Rio Tinto Foundation in 1987, dedicated efforts have been made to preserve this invaluable railway heritage and today, the fruits of their labor can be enjoyed at the Riotinto Mining Park where tourists can ride a fully restored 22 km section of this historic rail network. The park is highly successful and has recovered strongly after the COVID-19 pandemic attracting a record 96,935 visitors in 2022. The majority of the park’s tourists are from Spain but also a significant number are international (principally from Germany) highlighting the global importance of this site and the railway as a sustainable heritage tourism destination. Taking the restoration of the Riotinto mining railway as a case study, we aim to demonstrate the transformative power of the preservation and restoration of industrial heritage.

Ecological Restoration of Habitats Based on Avian Diversity and Landscape Patterns—A Case Study of Haining Mining Pit Park in Zhejiang, China

The development of the mining park has impacted the richness of bird diversity. Coordinating the harmonious coexistence of humans and birds is a core issue for the sustainable development of the mining park. This study aims to investigate the relationship between landscape patterns and bird diversity and propose ecological restoration strategies for the mining park. Through field surveys and fixed-transect methods, the existing dominant bird species in the mining park were surveyed. The Shannon index was used to analyze the level of bird diversity in the mining park. A site plan of the mining park was drawn, and ArcGIS 10.8 and Fragstats 4.2 software were used to statistically analyze the landscape patterns of the mining park. The results of the two data sets were compared and analyzed to determine the relationship between landscape patterns and bird diversity. A total of eight landscape types were identified, and diversity indices, including the H (Shannon diversity index), F (species richness index), G (genus richness index), and G-F indices, were calculated. Existing issues in the site include diverse aquatic landscape types but poor connectivity, heterogeneous rocky landscape, bird habitat degradation, and frequent human interference. Proposed solutions include building ecological floating islands (habitat-type floating islands, restoration-type floating islands) to connect patches; comprehensive restoration combining full and partial restoration to restore bird habitats and increase vegetation coverage of rocky patches; low human interference design through ecological protection control zones, landscape functional zones, and park road design to create an environment for bird habitats and a mining park landscape suitable for leisure recreation, creating a new home for cohabitation between humans and birds. The research results indicate that landscape pattern diversity, heterogeneity, fragmentation, and human interference affect the richness of bird diversity. Ecological restoration, plant cultivation, and zoning planning can transform the site, enhance the landscape, and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the creation of habitats for similar bird species.

Study on Landscape Remodeling In Negative Space of Mine Park in China

Through the three cases of Tangshan Nanhu Park, Liaoning Fuxin Haizhou Open Pit Mine and Hubei Huangshi National Mining Geopark, the success of mine development experience is analyzed from the aspects of mine landscape reconstruction and artistic development of mineral resources, starting from the method and concept that mine development must pay attention to history, adapt to local conditions and combine their own regional environment characteristics. To have a deep understanding of the urban ecological environment and ecological landscape, it is clear that multiple factors should be considered to solve the problems caused by a series of mining activities, such as the surrounding environment and residents' living conditions, so that social development can move forward in a coordinated manner.

A Mining Theme Park—Cultural Competition and the Politics of Identity Claims in an Indonesian Mining Town

The Wallacea–Sawerigading Mining Park (Taman Tambang Wallacea Sawerigading) in the mining town of Sorowako in Sulawesi, Indonesia, has been created by the mining company whose operations dominate the landscape and the local economy. The theme park juxtaposes the distinctive flora and fauna, and the pre-colonial history of the region, with the modern mining operations, creating a thematic stamp for regional identity. This article discusses the park and related tourism and leisure activities to illuminate processes of identity formation and identity-based competition in this cosmopolitan town. The voices of the original inhabitants (the orang asli Sorowako—autochthonous people of Sorowako), who have deployed their resistance identity in articulating rights claims, today are in competition with multiple foci of identity-making—from the mining company, governments, and migrants to the mining region. The paper draws on the author’s long-term research (from 1977 to now) following the social transformations associated with the mine.

Quantitative assessment and development utilization modes of space resources in closed and abandoned mines

ABSTRACT With the increase of the number of closed and abandoned mines in the world, it has become an urgent need to study the assessment and reuse of various resources of closed and abandoned mines, as well as the transformation and development mode of mines. Various sources of data are used to identify the types of closed and abandoned mine resources, the classification system of aboveground and underground resources of mines is established. The calculation method of available space of ground buildings, underground tunnels and shafts, and the estimation method of underground residual coal quality are given, the determination method of transformation mode of closed and abandoned mines is proposed. The transformation and utilization modes of closed and abandoned mines in China and abroad are compared. Taking a closed mine in Shaanxi Province as an example, the optimal transformation mode is determined and the planning scheme is given. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Aboveground resources of closed and abandoned mines mainly include surface water, idle land, mining equipment, and buildings of industrial squares and living areas, while underground resources mainly include groundwater, residual minerals, underground space and mining equipment left underground. (2) The aboveground development and utilization modes of closed and abandoned mine resources include mine park, mining museum, industrial relics, etc. while the underground development and utilization modes include underground storage, underground laboratory, energy development, etc. (3) It is calculated that the building space volume of a closed mine industrial square in Shaanxi Province, China is up to 1.04 × 105 m3, the available underground space volume including shaft, roadway, chamber and yard is 1.18 × 105 m3, and the mass of underground residual coal is nearly 56 million tons. (4) Based on the evaluation of suitability for mine transformation, three transformation modes have been identified for a closed mine in Shaanxi Province, China. Through the comprehensive benefit evaluation, the optimal utilization mode for the mine has been determined as mine park and mine museum, and a preliminary planning scheme is proposed. The research on the reuse of the remaining resources of closed and abandoned mines provides a new idea for the transformation and sustainable development of resource-depleted mines, which is of great significance for the realization of the global carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

Museums in Motu in the Anthropocene: From Active Space to Spatial Actions

Abstract In this article I offer an in motu rhetorical analysis of museums in the Anthropocene. Instead of discussing curations inside museums in detail, I examine spatial and rhetorical dialogues between the Jinhuagong National Mine Park, a fifty-year-old coal mine, and the Yungang Grottoes, a Unesco cultural heritage site. Pulling together threads from Heidegger and Chinese environmental philosophies, I redefine museum as spatial action with three entangled lines of action: building, dwelling, and saying. Unlike in previous studies of museum as active space, museum in motu turns museum into museuming—a gerund indicating ongoing actions adapting to contingencies. Through museuming, human beings keep exploring the meaning of building in diverse practices of dwelling and adapting to relational existence with the more-than-human world.

Transmission-Based Muography for Ore Bodies Prospecting: A Case Study from a Skarn Complex in Italy

Transmission-based muography (TM) is an innovative imaging technique based on the measurement and analysis of the cosmic ray muons flux attenuation within the target under investigation. This technique allows imaging inner-body density differences and has successfully been applied in a wide range of research fields: geology, archaeology, engineering geology and civil engineering. The aim of this study is to show the reliability of TM as an innovative, noninvasive geophysical method for ore body prospecting and other mining related studies. The measurements were carried out at the Temperino mine in the San Silvestro Archaeological and Mining Park (Campiglia Marittima, Italy), where several magmatic and metasomatic geological units are embodied. Among them, a Cu–Fe–Zn–Pb(–Ag) sulfide skarn complex primarily composed by hedenbergite and ilvaite minerals. Using the acquired muon imaging data obtained with the MIMA (Muon Imaging for Mining and Archaeology) detector prototype (cubic detector of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 m3), the presence of a high-density vein inside the skarn body within the rock volume above the muon detector was identified, localized and interpreted. Applying a back-projection algorithm to the obtained 2D transmission map made it possible to estimate and visualize as point cloud data, in a 2D or 3D environment, the identified high-density body and its relative distance from the detector. The results of this study highlight the potential of muography as a support tool to other geophysical methods in the field of mining exploration.

Heavy metal removal by the photosynthetic microbial biomat found within shallow unit process open water constructed wetlands

Nature-based solutions offer a sustainable alternative to labor and chemical intensive engineered treatment of metal-impaired waste streams. Shallow, unit process open water (UPOW) constructed wetlands represent a novel design where benthic photosynthetic microbial mats (biomat) coexist with sedimentary organic matter and inorganic (mineral) phases, creating an environment for multiple-phase interactions with soluble metals. To query the interplay of dissolved metals with inorganic and organic fractions, biomat was harvested from two distinct systems: the demonstration-scale UPOW within the Prado constructed wetlands complex (“Prado biomat”, 88 % inorganic) and a smaller pilot-scale system (“Mines Park (MP) biomat”, 48 % inorganic). Both biomats accumulated detectable background concentrations of metals of toxicological concern (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni) by assimilation from waters that did not exceed regulatory thresholds for these metals. Augmentation in laboratory microcosms with a mixture of these metals at ecotoxicologically relevant concentrations revealed a further capacity for metal removal (83–100 %). Experimental concentrations encapsulated the upper range of surface waters in the metal-impaired Tambo watershed in Peru, where a passive treatment technology such as this could be applied. Sequential extractions demonstrated that metal removal by mineral fractions is more important in Prado than MP biomat, possibly due to a higher proportion and mass of iron and other minerals from Prado-derived materials. Geochemical modeling using PHREEQC suggests that in addition to sorption/surface complexation of metals to mineral phases (modeled as iron (oxyhydr)oxides), diatom and bacterial functional groups (carboxyl, phosphoryl, and silanol) also play an important role in soluble metal removal. By comparing sequestered metal phases across these biomats with differing inorganic content, we propose that sorption/surface complexation and incorporation/assimilation of both inorganic and organic constituents of the biomat play a dominant role in metal removal potential by UPOW wetlands. This knowledge could be applied to passively treat metal impaired waters in analogous and remote regions.

Intelligent identification of rock mass structural plane and stability analysis of rock slope block

The blocking problem caused by structural plane cutting is often the primary problem in evaluating the stability of rock mass engineering. The geometric parameters of the block structural plane are important research bases for analyzing block stability. In order to solve the problems of low efficiency, heavy workload, and high subjectivity in the traditional acquisition of structural plane occurrence information, taking the slope at the entrance of Suichang Gold Mine National Mine Park as the research background, this paper studies the rapid extraction method of structural plane information based on three-dimensional laser scanning data, and puts forward the process and data processing method of using a 3D laser scanner to collect slope block structural information to obtain point cloud data. Based on the coordinate projection principle and MATLAB, the rock slope block stability analysis CPG program was developed, which realized the whole process from data acquisition to block stability analysis. The research results are essential for identifying structural plane and block stability analysis and can provide theoretical and technical support for practical engineering applications.

Evaluation of Remote Sensing Ecological Index Based on Soil and Water Conservation on the Effectiveness of Management of Abandoned Mine Landscaping Transformation.

Abandoned mines are typical areas of soil erosion. Landscape transformation of abandoned mines is an important means to balance the dual objectives of regional ecological restoration and industrial heritage protection, but the secondary development and construction process of mining relics require long-term monitoring with objective scientific indicators and effective assessment of their management effectiveness. This paper takes Tongluo Mountain Mining Park in Chongqing as an example and uses a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) based on Landsat-8 image data to assess the spatial and temporal differences in the dynamic changes in the ecological and environmental quality of tertiary relic reserves with different degrees of development and protection in the park. Results showed that: ① The effect of vegetation cover, which can significantly improve soil and water conservation capacity. ② The RSEI is applicable to the evaluation of the effectiveness of ecological management of mines with a large amount of bare soil areas. ③ The mean value of the RSEI in the region as a whole increased by 0.090, and the mean values of the RSEI in the primary, secondary and tertiary relic reserves increased by 0.121, 0.112 and 0.006, respectively. ④ The increase in the RSEI in the study area is mainly related to the significant decrease in the dryness index (NDBSI) and the increase in the humidity index (WET). The remote sensing ecological index can objectively reflect the difference in the spatial and temporal dynamics of the ecological environment in tertiary relic protection, and this study provides a theoretical reference for the ecological assessment of secondary development-based management under difficult site conditions.

Landscape planning of stone mine park under the concept of ecological environment restoration

Landscape planning of stone mine park under the concept of ecological environment restoration

Potentially toxic elements in smoke particles and residual ashes by biomass combustion from Huangshi National Mine Park, China.

This paper investigates the fractional and spatial distribution characteristics of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in smoke particles and residual ashes from mine-park-biomass combustion. It then evaluates the consequential potential environment risk by using a Geo-accumulation index and Nemerow pollution index methods. Biomass combustibles are comprised of Camphor leaves (CL), Camphor dead-branch (CB), Ramie (RA), Miscanthus sinensis (MS), and Dryopteris (DR). The results show that the products of combustion contain PTEs, As, Cr, Cu, and Zn, etc. Among them, the content of As, Cr, Cu, Pb elements in smoke particles of CB was higher than other combustibles. Moreover, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb in residual ashes of CL were higher than others. The proportion of acid-soluble and reducible fraction of As in residual ash was higher, while Cr existed mainly in the oxidizable and residual fraction. Besides, the available state of As gradually decreased from 74% (400°C) to 41% (800°C), indicating that the increase of temperature significantly reduced the bioavailability of As. Meanwhile, with the increase of temperature, the concentration of PTEs in smoke particles decreased and PTEs in residual ashes increased in different degrees. The risk evaluation results indicate that PTEs may cause moderate or higher levels of contamination. The overall contamination level of PTEs in the residual ashes of CB was higher than that of other plant. The results show in this study would contribute to understanding the environmental risks of wildfire and prescribed burning in PTEs-contaminated areas.

Natural risks and monitoring systems: Case study of the mining-industrial heritage objects of Karelia (Ruskeala Mining Park), Russia

Mine workings (open and underground) abandoned during the production process become part of the environment. These objects begin to degrade in accordance with ordinary processes occurring in nature. However, such developments are often of historical value and therefore become tourist sites. They pose a serious threat to the health and life of people visiting these tourist sites, if such workings were not initially processed to safe conditions. The paper considers an example of such an object - a marble quarry with elements of underground caves - the Ruskeala marble deposit, located in Karelia. In the middle of the XX century, it was abandoned, today the "Main" quarry is a monument of the historical and cultural (mining-industrial) heritage of the Republic of Karelia. Ruskeala Mining Park has collected all the risks of degradation inherent in such a natural site. The paper has proposed solutions for monitoring the sustainability of underground objects used as museum exhibits to ensure the safety of tourists visiting them.

The research of Chuci plant and excavation of Chu cultural elements in China

With regards to Chuci plant, this study explore the Chu cultural connotation of plants in the park and the importance of planning, the distribution characteristics of Chuci plants to mining park, growth habit and cultural qualities, research of Chu plants in the park planning and design of cultural inheritance, continuation and development, the analysis summary of Chu cultural theme park planning and design methods. It can provide theoretical reference and reference for enhancing the Chu culture atmosphere of the park. In addition, this paper evaluates the Chu cultural elements of various plants in the planning and design of the park and their effects on the creation of cultural atmosphere in the park. Therefore, innovative suggestions are put forward in the planning and design of the park to create the park landscape with Chu culture characteristics, Chu culture connotation and Chu culture artistic conception.

Concentrations, distribution, and risk assessment of heavy metals in the iron tailings of Yeshan National Mine Park in Nanjing, China

For the first time, a field survey was conducted to investigate the present situation, vertical distribution and ecological risks of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Pb and As) from 21 in-situ samples drilled out from Yeshan iron mine tailings in the Jiangsu Province of China. The heavy metal contents obtained for the tailing wastes in decreasing order were as follows: Mn > Cu > Zn > As > Cr > Pb. The contents of heavy metals varied with depth, and the variation trends were not completely consistent. Vertical distribution profiles showed that heavy metals accumulated in certain strata. Both the monomial potential ecological risk factor (E) and the risk quotient (RQ) showed a high ecological risk for Cu, Mn and As. The comprehensive ecological risk index (RI) also indicated that the wastes presented a high ecological risk level, to which Cu, Mn and As were the key contributors. Our study showed that the health of individuals, especially children, living in the mining-impacted areas could be affected by the potential noncarcinogenic risk of copper, manganese and the carcinogenic risk of arsenic.

Study on the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community Structure Associated with Five Land Use Types in Jinchuan Mining Area

Five different land use types (desert, farmland, mining park, slag heap and tailing dam) were selected as variables around the Jinchuan Cu-Ni mining area in Jinchang, Gansu Province in the present study. The Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.’s rhizosphere bacterial abundance, diversity and community composition were examined taking advantage of High-throughput sequencing technology to discuss the effect of soil physicochemical properties on soil microbial community structure. The result indicated that the phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes was the most dominant taxon in desert, farmland and mining park, with a high abundance more than 30%. The phylum Proteobacteria was the most dominant taxon in slag heap and tailing dam, with a high abundance more than 40%. The tailing dam had the highest bacterial Chao indexes and the farmland had the highest bacterial Observed species indexes, Shannon indexes and Simpson indexes. Observed species indexes and Shannon indexes between the five sites were significantly different. The redundancy analysis and principal component analysis showed that the main environmental factors caused the different of rhizosphere bacterial community structure in five land use types were Mg, Ca, Cu, TN and moisture, followed by Ni, Cr, K, Pb, Zn content and pH. Hence, the result indicates that land use and soil environmental factors had significant impact on the diversity of soil microbial community structure.