Mindfulness-based Interventions Research Articles

Mind it! A mindfulness-based group psychotherapy for substance use disorders in adolescent inpatients.

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is the most frequent reason for psychiatric inpatient substance use disorder (SUD) treatment among 15-19-year-olds in Germany. Despite effective treatment programs, relapse rates remain high. Thus, existing multi-component programs (TAU) need to be enhanced with SUD-specific elements. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) seem promising as they can positively influence SUD-related behaviors (e. g. craving). Given limited research in adolescents, this randomized controlled trial investigated the extent to which MBI-based group therapy (Mind it!) as an add-on treatment to TAU led to fewer cannabis use days after 6months in 84 adolescent inpatients with CUD. Additionally, craving, severity of CUD, and changes in mindfulness were monitored (pre-, post-, and follow-up (FU) assessments). The results revealed a significant reduction in cannabis use days in both groups at 6-month FU (d = -0.72 and = -0.75). Although minor additional benefits of Mind it! were evident post-treatment, specifically reduction of craving and SUD severity, by the 6-month mark, TAU exhibited a more substantial decrease in SUD severity (d = 0.78), and reward craving (d = 0.28) compared to Mind it!. Regarding self-regulation skills (mindfulness), Mind it! demonstrated superiority over TAU after 6-month FU (d = 0.27). Therapists judged the MBI as feasible. (Serious) adverse events were unrelated to Mind it!. There was a systematic dropout among Mind it! participants. Primarily, the results emphasize the effectiveness of TAU in reducing cannabis use. MBI also seem feasible for youth, but results remain inconsistent and unstable over time. Importantly, enhanced adherence to reduce dropouts is needed.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00014041. Registered on 17 April 2018.

Baseline trait mindfulness moderates the efficacy of mindfulness interventions and active controls: A meta‐analysis of 177 randomised controlled trials

AbstractPrevious evidence suggests that benefits of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) may depend on individuals' baseline trait mindfulness (BTM) levels. This meta‐analysis investigated moderating effects of BTM on changes in mental health outcomes and trait mindfulness in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of MBIs. A total of 177 primary studies (total N = 13,486), comparing the treatment effects of MBIs against active, treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) and waitlist control groups, were synthesised via three‐level meta‐analysis. Lower BTM was associated with larger changes in mental health outcomes (B = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.21, −0.06], p < .001) and trait mindfulness (B = −0.09 [−0.16, −0.02], p = .009) in MBIs and active controls combined. These associations were significantly larger than from those in TAU and waitlist controls. Moderating effects were less tangible for changes in trait mindfulness in MBIs and active controls individually and less tangible in various sensitivity analyses which, however, were confounded by client type across the RCTs. Individuals low in BTM may, by a small effect size, benefit more from MBIs and active control interventions. BTM may thus affect the evaluation of treatment efficacy. MBIs and active interventions could be offered specifically to persons low in BTM.

Older people's experiences of participation in mindfulness-based intervention programmes: A qualitative systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to synthesise the qualitative evidence of mindfulness-based interventions and focused on the perceptions and experience of older people. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases including CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCare, and MEDLINE. The inclusion criteria for the review were an original study that includes qualitative data on experience and perceptions of mindfulness interventions, a study population involving older people aged 60 years and above, and articles published in English. Eleven articles are included in this review. Four major descriptive themes were generated from the data synthesis: benefits on physical health, improved psychosocial well-being, development of new perspectives, and motivators and challenges of mindfulness practice. Mindfulness practice provided health benefits for pain management, promoting sleep quality, psychosocial well-being, and development of positive strategies such as a new way of coping in negative situations, acceptance, and a sense of freedom. Health benefits and positive reinforcement were reported as motivators, whereas time commitment and an easily distracted mind were barriers to continued mindfulness practice. In addition to the descriptive themes, two analytical themes were derived: inner peace and well-being through mindfulness and development of acceptance-based coping. The positive outcomes indicated in this review suggest that mindfulness-based interventions could be an effective therapeutic tool for the well-being of older people.

The impact of mindfulness therapy combined with mentalization-based family therapy on suicidal ideation in adolescents with depressive disorder: randomized intervention study

BackgroundAdolescents with depression who engage in non-suicidal self harming behaviors are more likely to adopt negative coping strategies when faced with negative events. Therefore, these patients should be introduced to positive coping strategies. Evidences have showed that mindfulness-based interventions can positively impact the psychology of patients with mental disorders. This study was to explore the impact of a combination of mindfulness therapy and mentalization-based family therapy (MBFT) on suicidal ideation in adolescents with depressive disorder.MethodsEighty adolescent patients with depression and suicidal ideation admitted to our hospital from September 2021 to February 2022 were selected as subjects. They were divided into a control group and a study group using the random number table method, with each group comprising 40 subjects. The control group received MBFT, whereas the study group received both mindfulness therapy and MBFT. The psychological status and suicidal ideations of the two groups were compared before and after the intervention.ResultsThe psychological health scores of both groups of patients were lower after the intervention, with the scores of the study group being lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The scores on the suicidal ideation scales for both groups were lower after intervention, and the study group scored lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The absolute values of the differences in psychological health scale scores and suicidal ideation scale scores before and after the intervention were higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe combination of mindfulness therapy and MBFT can improve the psychological condition of adolescents with depression, reduce their suicidal ideations, and help them develop a healthy and positive outlook toward life, making this method worthy of clinical recommendation.

A Network Analysis of Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Facets of Mindfulness

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health concern impacting a large proportion of the population. There is a growing interest in mindfulness-based treatments for PTSD. However, some individuals with PTSD do not respond to treatment. Identifying factors that may provide a more precise treatment approach has the potential to enhance response. Network analysis is a data-driven methodology that has been used to suggest specific targets for treatment. To date, there has not been a network analysis examining the interrelation between PTSD symptoms and trait mindfulness. The current study is an exploratory analysis of N = 214 adults from a non-clinical sample who endorsed a Criterion A traumatic event and completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Both undirected and directed networks were generated to identify links between PTSD symptom clusters and the facets of mindfulness. Both networks highlighted the connection between the PTSD symptom cluster Alterations in Arousal and Reactivity and the Awareness facet of mindfulness; and the PTSD symptom cluster Negative Alterations in Cognitions and Mood with the Non-judging facet of mindfulness. Taken together, these findings provide further evidence that greater mindfulness is generally associated with lower PTSD symptoms. Importantly, the findings highlight Non-judgement and Awareness as facets that might warrant further investigation in the context of mindfulness-based treatment efforts for PTSD.

A brief mindfulness-based intervention for stress, pain, emotion and attention regulation in military service members with mild traumatic brain injury.

The primary aim of this study was to conduct an open pilot clinical trial of a brief mindfulness-based intervention for persistent postconcussion symptoms that occur after mild traumatic brain injury in military service members. For many service members, operational tempo and other time constraints may prevent them from completing a standard mindfulness-based stress reduction course. Thus, this study sought to examine the effectiveness of a five-session intervention called mindfulness-based stress, pain, emotion, and attention regulation (MSPEAR). Participants were active duty service members with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and persisting postconcussion symptoms, all of whom were recruited from an outpatient TBI rehabilitation program at a military treatment facility. Of the 38 service members that were initially enrolled, 25 completed the 5-session MSPEAR intervention, and 20 returned for a 5-week follow-up evaluation. Questionnaires assessing perceived stress, positive affect, pain interference and catastrophizing, sleep disturbances, perceived behavioral and attention regulation, self-efficacy and satisfaction with life were administered at preintervention, postintervention, and at 5-week follow-up intervals. Neuropsychological testing at preintervention and 5-week follow-up included performance validity measures, attention, working memory, and executive function measures. T-tests were run to compare for questionnaire measures at preintervention (Time 1) to postintervention (Time 2). Repeated analysis of variances were conducted to compare questionnaire and neuropsychological measures at Time 1, Time 2, and at Time 3 which is the 5-week follow-up. Improvements in perceived stress, positive affect, behavioral regulation, metacognition, sleep disturbance, self-efficacy, and satisfaction with life were found immediately after the MSPEAR intervention and were maintained at the 5-week follow-up. Magnification and helplessness aspects of pain catastrophizing improved when comparing preintervention to the 5-week follow-up. Pain interference was not significantly different across study assessment times. Neuropsychological testing revealed improvements in sustained attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control when comparing preintervention to the 5-week follow-up assessment. The MSPEAR intervention appears to show promise as a brief and effective therapy for specific postconcussion symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury in military service members. Each of the components of MSPEAR including stress, pain catastrophizing, emotion and attention regulation showed improvements in this study, and bears further investigation in a larger scale, preferably randomized controlled trial in those active duty military service members who experience persisting symptoms after a mild traumatic brain injury.

Resilient Stress Reactivity Profiles Predict Mental Health Gains from Online Contemplative Training: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Low-dose app-based contemplative interventions for mental health are increasingly popular, but heterogeneity in intervention responses indicates that a personalized approach is needed. We examined whether different longitudinal resilience–vulnerability trajectories, derived over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, predicted differences in diverse mental health outcomes after mindfulness and socio-emotional dyadic online interventions. The CovSocial project comprised a longitudinal assessment (phase 1) and an open-label efficacy trial (phase 2). A community sample of 253 participants received 12 min daily app-based socio-emotional dyadic or mindfulness-based interventions, with weekly online coaching for 10 weeks. Before and after the intervention, participants completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing mental health. Stress reactivity profiles were derived from seven repeated assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020 to March/April 2021) and were categorized into resilient (more plasticity) or vulnerable (less plasticity) stress recovery profiles. After both interventions, only individuals with resilient stress reactivity profiles showed significant improvements in depression symptomatology, trait anxiety, emotion regulation, and stress recovery. Those with vulnerable profiles did not show significant improvements in any outcome. Limitations of this study include the relatively small sample size and potential biases associated with participant dropout. Brief app-based mental interventions may be more beneficial for those with greater levels of stress resiliency and plasticity in response to stressors. More vulnerable individuals might require more intense and personalized intervention formats.

Mindfulness-based intervention for hypertension patients with depression and/or anxiety in the community: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo evaluate mindfulness-based intervention for hypertension with depression and/or anxiety.Methods10-week mindfulness-based intervention, including health education for hypertension, exclusively for the control group, was administered to the intervention group to assist sixty hypertension patients with depression/anxiety. Among them, the intervention group comprised 8 men and 22 women, with a mean age of 60.02 years and a mean duration of hypertension of 6.29 years. The control group consisted of 14 men and 16 women with a mean age of 57.68 years and a mean duration of hypertension of 6.32 years. The severity of depressive and/or anxiety symptoms was assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), along with blood pressure (BP) measurements taken twice daily. The study utilized a self-made self-efficacy scale and awareness of physical and mental health to evaluate mental health and state.ResultsThe depression PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores reduced by 21.1% or 17.8% in the mindfulness-based intervention group, compared to the control (Z = -2.040, P = 0.041) post 10-week period, suggesting significant reduction in anxiety/stress. These results were consistent with a reduction in systolic BP of 12.24 mm Hg (t = 6.041, P = 0.000). The self-efficacy score of the mindfulness intervention group significantly improved compared to the control (t = 7.818, P < 0.001), while the awareness of physical and mental health in the mindfulness intervention group significantly improved compared to the control (χ2 = 5.781, P = 0.016).ConclusionMindfulness-based, short-term focused interventions provide modest relief for depression and/or anxiety and are effective in lowering blood pressure and improving self-efficacy scores.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900028258. Registered 16 December 2019, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=43627.

Abstract PO5-11-09: Participants’ experience with an online mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention for anxiety management in breast cancer survivors: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment can lead to multiple symptoms with a negative impact on the quality of life of survivors. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) interventions have shown to improve anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with cancer across multiple settings. However, the effectiveness of an online MBSR program has not been studied. Methods This is an explanatory qualitative sub-study of a randomized trial of an online MBSR intervention versus a waitlist control. Participants were Mexican women aged ≥18 years diagnosed with stage 0-III BC 1-5 years prior to inclusion, not currently undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, with moderate to severe anxiety (baseline GAD-7 score ≥10). The intervention consisted of 8 weekly 2-hour Zoom sessions with body scan meditation and yoga practice led by a certified instructor. Participants received a digital manual with exercises, audio for guided practice, and a video of postures for balance and flexibility. The primary outcome of the trial was anxiety at 2, 5, and 8 months after the intervention. Two focus groups were conducted via Zoom; 21 participants from the intervention arm were selected and invited according to the difference in GAD-7 scores between baseline and 8 months. The first group consisted of 7 participants (median age 53 years, range 39-62) with a decrease in GAD-7 score of ≥4 points (mean -9.1, SD 3.7); the second group consisted of 7 participants (median age 54 years, range 44-64) with a decrease of &amp;lt; 4 points or an increase in GAD-7 score (mean -1.2, SD 1.9). Each focus group was conducted 14 and 9 months after the MBSR intervention, respectively, and had a duration of 110 and 113 minutes, respectively. Audio and video were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed and themes were developed, focusing on participants’ experience with the online intervention and its perceived benefits. Results The weekly sessions and at-home practice functioned as a “personal haven” for participants. At-home deliberate practice and the additional audio and video materials were considered essential for the effectiveness of the intervention. Participants no longer needed to consciously follow step-by-step directions, as the practices had become a part of who they were, even several months after the intervention. Breathing exercises were frequently used by participants on a day- to-day basis. Regarding the mindfulness practice itself, some participants indicated that they noticed positive changes in their character and demeanor, and in their reactions to everyday and BC-related stressors, including situations such as medical consultations and possible news regarding their treatment. In that sense, they mentioned that all they learned is useful for their life in general, and not exclusive to BC survivors. Despite differences in improvement of anxiety by GAD-7 scores between the focus groups, most participants in both groups referred to the intervention as “life-changing”. Most participants in both groups perceived the online format of the intervention as positive: it allowed them to join in from any location and fit the program into their daily routine with less time commitment. Likewise, the privacy of their homes made them feel more comfortable expressing themselves during the weekly sessions. A high level of recognition, appreciation and gratitude towards the instructor was observed. Some participants noted that contact with the instructor and other participants was limited due to the online format, preventing them from forming friendships or a sense of community. Conclusion BC survivors’ opinion of an online MBSR program was largely positive regarding the benefits of the intervention and its delivery format. Moreover, the intervention was successful at facilitating participants’ adoption of mindfulness practice in their daily lives and at improving other aspects of their lives beyond BC. Citation Format: Haydee Cristina Verduzco-Aguirre, Maura Pompa Mansilla, Misael Salazar-Alejo, Javier Gutierrez Ornelas, Fernanda Mesa-Chavez, Ana Ferrigno Guajardo, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza. Participants’ experience with an online mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention for anxiety management in breast cancer survivors: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-11-09.

The Effects of Social Anxiety on Subjective Well-Being among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Mindfulness and Loneliness

Adolescence is an important period characterized by various transitions and changes. Experiencing social anxiety is a growing phenomenon among adolescents and affects their well-being and mental health. It is necessary to pay attention and understand the factors related to social anxiety to improve the subjective well-being of adolescents. The current study aimed to examine the mediating roles of mindfulness and loneliness in the association between social anxiety and subjective well-being among adolescents. Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale Adolescent Form, UCLA Loneliness Scale Short Form, Adolescent Subjective Well Being Scale and General Information Form were used to collect data. 543 Turkish adolescents (53.6% female) participated in the study. The age range of the participants was 15 to 18 years, with a mean age of 16.45 years (SD=1.10). The results demonstrated that social anxiety was negatively associated with mindfulness and subjective well-being, and positively associated with loneliness. It has been determined that social anxiety had an indirect effect on subjective well-being through mindfulness and loneliness. Mindfulness mitigated the adverse impacts of social anxiety on subjective well-being whereas loneliness exacerbated this association. These results have shown that adolescents with high levels of social anxiety have lower mindfulness and higher loneliness, which in turn lead to less subjective well-being. The findings of the current study suggest that this situation may be ameliorable with mindfulness-based and loneliness-based interventions.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Meditation Mobile App Intervention for Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer

Background: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of childhood cancer are increasingly recognized as a vulnerable group with unique emotional, social, and practical needs due to the intersection of cancer survivorship and normal developmental processes. Mindfulness meditation has shown early efficacy in improving psychological distress among cancer patients. However, the overall scientific study of app-based mindfulness-based interventions is still in its early stages. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a commercially available mindfulness mobile app intervention “Ten Percent Happier” among AYA survivors of childhood cancer. Methods: We conducted a single-arm pilot intervention with 25 AYA survivors of childhood cancer ages 18–29 years. Results: A total of 108 potentially eligible individuals were initially identified for screening. Of the 45 individuals reached (contact rate = 41.67%), 20 declined to participate; 25 were enrolled in the study and completed the baseline survey (enrollment rate = 55.56%). Twenty-one participants completed the study (retention rate = 84%). Changes in several outcomes were promising, with medium to large effect sizes: Mindfulness (d = 0.74), Negative Emotion (d = 0.48), Perceived Stress (d = 0.52), and Mental Health (d = 0.45). Furthermore, results suggested that participants with consistent app usage showed greater improvement in reported outcomes than those who stopped their usage (e.g., Mindfulness: d = 0.74, Perceived Stress: d = 0.83, Mental Health: d = 0.51; Meaning and Purpose: d = 0.84; and Sleep Disturbance: d = 0.81). Qualitative feedback indicated high satisfaction, but participants suggested adding group or individual peer support to improve their experience with the app. Conclusions: AYA survivors can be difficult to reach, but a mindfulness app was feasible and acceptable to this group. In particular, the robust retention rate and high satisfaction ratings indicate that the meditation mobile app was well received. Preliminary results suggest positive changes in health-related quality of life outcomes, warranting a larger efficacy trial.

Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on the well-being of healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundGrowing evidence attests to the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), but their effectiveness for healthcare workers remains uncertain.AimsTo evaluate the evidence for MBIs in improving healthcare workers’ psychological well-being.MethodsA systematic...

Unveiling the mirage of mindfulness profiles through mindfulness-based stress reduction

ObjectivesThe Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) stands out as a standard of mindfulness assessment in scientific literature, although scientific understanding of its properties is still in development. Among them, the FFMQ seems to present latent profiles with specific patterns in its facets. However, no study has explored the behavior of mindfulness profiles across mindfulness-based interventions. This study explores how Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) impacts mindfulness profiles. MethodsAn overall sample of 624 participants were measured pre and post-MBSR in mindfulness, decentering, self-compassion, psychopathological symptoms, well-being, and positive and negative emotional states. ResultsMBSR altered the structure of latent profiles, shifting from 3 profiles to 2 profiles: A High Mindfulness minority profile and a General Mindfulness majority profile. These profiles could be interpreted as a single dispositional mindfulness continuum. The Judgmentally Observing and Non-Judgmentally Aware profiles were more present in the High Mindfulness profile post-MBSR. All profiles tended to display increased decentering, self-compassion, well-being, and positive states, while decreased negative states and psychological symptoms. Thus, MBSR seemed to “arrange” latent profiles in a continuum of overall mindfulness. ConclusionsMBSR seems to dissipate heterogeneities in the FFMQ, allocating its measurements to a more homogeneous continuum of mindfulness. Implications and recommendations for future studies are discussed.

314. Mindful Minds: A Systematic Review of the Neural Correlates of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Youth

314. Mindful Minds: A Systematic Review of the Neural Correlates of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Youth

Comparative effects of exercise interventions and mindfulness-based interventions for cognitive impairment and quality of life in breast cancer survivors during or after cancer treatment: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

The aim of this network meta-analysis was to compare the improvement effects of various exercise interventions and mindfulness-based interventions to determine the best interventions for the improvement of cognitive impairment. 7 databases were searched to screen RCTs of exercise interventions and mindfulness-based interventions to improve cognitive impairment. The network meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3, R 4.2.1 and ADDIS 1.16.8 software. 34 RCTs involving 14 interventions were included in the study. In terms of cognitive function, except for mindfulness-based stress reduction, all interventions showed significantly greater improvement in cognitive function compared with conventional therapy. Physical activity and Qigong showed better effect in improving executive function. In terms of improving verbal memory, compensatory cognitive training, neurofeedback training, Qigong and sham Qigong were more effective than other interventions. On performing surface under the cumulative ranking curve analysis, acceptance and commitment therapy, neurofeedback training, Qigong, and mediation had the best effects on cognitive function, quality of life, executive function, and processing speed, respectively. Mindfulness-based interventions were found to be more effective than exercise interventions for alleviating cognitive impairment. More robust RCTs focusing on acceptance and commitment therapy for cognitive impairment are required to support the current evidence.

The mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between UPPS-P impulsivity traits and gaming disorder among Asia-Pacific young adults

BackgroundLittle evidence is available to verify the mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between gaming disorder and various impulsivity traits. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between the five UPPS-P impulsivity traits and the risk of gaming disorder among young adults.MethodsIt was an inter-regional cross-sectional study using online survey in Australia, Japan, The Philippines and China. Impulsivity measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale–Short version; dispositional mindfulness measured by the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale; and the risk of gaming disorder measured by the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale were collected in the focal regions. Structural equation modeling was performed by SPSS AMOS version 26 to verify the study hypotheses. Bootstrapped 95% confidence interval was reported. Statistical significance was indicated by the p-value below 0.05.ResultsAmong the 1,134 returned questionnaires, about 40% of them aged 18–20 years and 21–23 years, respectively. 53.8% were male. 40.7% had been playing digital and video games for over 10 years. The prevalence of gaming disorder was 4.32%. The model fitness indices reflected that the constructed model had an acceptable model fit (χ2(118) = 558.994, p < 0.001; χ2/df = 4.737; CFI = 0.924; TLI = 0.890; GFI = 0.948; RMSEA = 0.058; SRMR = 0.0487). Dispositional mindfulness fully mediated the effect of positive urgency and negative urgency on the risk of gaming disorder. The effect of lack of premeditation on the risk of gaming disorder was partially mediated by dispositional mindfulness. However, dispositional mindfulness did not mediate the effect of sensation seeking on the risk of gaming disorder.ConclusionsThe varied associations between dispositional mindfulness and the five impulsivity traits hints that improving some impulsive traits may increase dispositional mindfulness and so lower the risk of gaming disorder. Despite further studies are needed to verify the present findings, it sheds light on the need to apply interventions on gamers based on their impulsivity profile. Interventions targeting at emotion regulation and self-control such as mindfulness-based interventions seem to be effective to help gamers with dominant features of urgency and lack of premeditation only. Other interventions shall be considered for gamers with high sensation seeking tendency to enhance the effectiveness of gaming disorder prevention.

The Role of Attentional Control in Mindfulness Intervention for Emotional Distress: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Longitudinal Mediation Analyses.

This study aimed to investigate whether attentional control serves as a mediator for mindfulness-based interventions for emotional distress, utilizing a randomized waitlist (WL)-controlled design. A total of 498 participants with high emotional distress was recruited online and randomly assigned to a 49-day online Mindfulness Intervention for Emotional Distress (MIED) group (N = 249) or a WL control group (N = 249). Levels of attentional control, anxiety and depression were assessed at baseline (T0), Week 3 (T3), Week 5 (T5) and Week 7 (postintervention, T7). Linear mixed models revealed significant Group-by-Time interaction effects for attentional control (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001) and depression (p < 0.05). Latent growth curve analyses demonstrated a significant increase in attentional control and a decrease in anxiety and depression levels during the MIED programme. These changes becoming evident starting Week 3. Longitudinal mediation analyses revealed that the slope of attentional control significantly mediated the effects of the MIED programme on the slope of anxiety and depression levels. Further, attentional control level at Week 3 significantly mediates the effect of MIED programme on anxiety and depression levels at Weeks 5 and 7. Similarly, attentional control level at Week 5 significantly mediates the MIED programme's effects on anxiety and depression levels at Week 7. The present trial provides evidence suggesting that mindfulness interventions may alleviate emotional distress through the enhancement of attentional control. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry number: ChiCTR2200064140.

Adapting Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Substance Use and Comorbid Conditions Among Diverse Populations

Adapting Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Substance Use and Comorbid Conditions Among Diverse Populations

BREATHE-T1D: Using iterative mixed methods to adapt a mindfulness-based intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Design and development

BackgroundNegative affect is prevalent among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and may impact diabetes self-management and outcomes through stress-related behaviors such as disordered eating. MethodsWe describe the development of and design for the adaptation of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) for adolescents with T1D and negative affect. BREATHE-T1D is an MBI designed to target negative affect that has been tailored to address the unique lived experiences of adolescents with T1D. Qualitative interviews with stakeholders and participants were used to inform iterative adaptations to the intervention and control curricula over the course of the study. The primary aim of this paper is to describe the design, development, and protocol of the present pilot feasibility trial. ConclusionsIterative, qualitative methodology throughout the adaptation of an intervention is important for ensuring the resulting intervention is relevant and meaningful for the target population.Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT05268393

Application of mindfulness-based interventions – MBCT and MBSR – in depression treatment and relapse prevention

Introduction: Depression stands as a primary contributor to disability, prompting extensive exploration of treatment and prevention strategies. Recognizing the limitations of conventional approaches, the significance of effective non-pharmacological therapies, like psychotherapy, in managing mental health disorders is increasingly acknowledged. There's a growing interest in mindfulness-based interventions such as Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). These interventions, which prioritize present-moment awareness and acceptance, target depression's mechanisms, such as rumination, while cultivating coping strategies and resilience. Mindfulness, with its comprehensive approach and capacity for self-regulation, emerges as pivotal in addressing psychiatric conditions. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of MBCT and MBSR's effectiveness in treating depression and preventing relapses. Description of the state of knowledge: MBCT and MBSR exhibit promising potential in effectively managing and preventing depression. Moreover, they alleviate anxiety, emotional exhaustion, stress and psychological distress, while fostering improved coping with rumination, memory disturbances and emotional regulation. Summary: Research indicates that incorporating MBCT and MBSR could offer a hopeful avenue for managing and alleviating the symptoms of depression and mental disorders, by addressing underlying factors which play a pivotal role in their development. To corroborate these encouraging results, additional randomized, large-scale, placebo-controlled trials are essential.