Miltiorrhiza Group Research Articles

Effect of salvia miltiorrhiza combined with roxadustat on wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats and its mechanism

Effect of salvia miltiorrhiza combined with roxadustat on wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats and its mechanism

Comparison of protective effects of alprostadil with Salvia miltiorrhiza against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

ObjectivesOur study aimed to investigate the effects of alprostadil and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and related underlying molecular mechanisms. MethodsA myocardial IRI model was established in Wistar rats via surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by loosening of the occlusion. The rats were divided into four groups: saline, sham, alprostadil, and S. miltiorrhiza. Rats in the saline and sham groups were injected with normal saline by tail vein once daily for 10 consecutive days. Rats in the S. miltiorrhiza and alprostadil groups were injected with S. miltiorrhiza extract (20 μg/kg) or alprostadil. Histological differences in myocardial tissues between rats in the sham group and in the myocardial IRI model were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. India ink perfusion was used to quantify the number of capillary microvessels. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine serum expression levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM), CD11b and CD18. ResultsThe alprostadil and S. miltiorrhiza groups had significantly higher numbers of microvessels than the saline group. Serum sICAM and sVCAM expression was significantly reduced in the alprostadil and S. miltiorrhiza groups. Meanwhile, sICAM and sVCAM in the alprostadil group were markedly lower than in the S. miltiorrhiza group. Moreover, the alprostadil group had markedly lower mRNA expression of CD11b and CD18, which were clearly lower than in the S. miltiorrhiza group. ConclusionAlprostadil may have cardioprotective effects for myocardial IRI, with down-regulated expression of sICAM, sVCAM, CD11b, and CD18.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Injection Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Adjusting the Balance of MMPs/TIMPs Ratio.

Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (SMI) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine, which plays an active role in the treatment of many diseases such as promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, reducing inflammatory reaction, and improving acute lung injury (ALI). Previous studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are involved in the pathophysiological process of ALI. However, the relationship between SMI and MMPs/TIMPs remains unclear. In this study, Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (NC), Salvia miltiorrhiza group (SM), lipopolysaccharide group (LPS), and Salvia miltiorrhiza treatment group (Tsm). The four groups were subdivided into four time points (2, 6, 12, and 24 hours), and specimens were collected after animal sacrifice at each time point. Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were detected by ELISA. The degree of lung injury was determined by lung tissue hematoxylin-eosin staining, lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, and lung permeability index. The changes in lung MMPs/TIMPs protein and mRNA were detected by Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that rats injected with LPS experience acute lung injury, and the ratio of MMPs/TIMPs in lung tissues increased gradually with time. In the Tsm group, the ratio of MMPs/TIMPs decreased gradually, and likewise, the balance was gradually restored, while indicators related to lung injury were gradually declined. These data suggest that SMI alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury; this protective effect may be related to regulation of the balance of MMPs/TIMPs ratio.

The influence of Tongqiao Huashuan Decoction on the expression of VEGF and EphB2 in MCAO model rats.

To observe the effect of Miao medicine and Tongqiao Huashuan Decoction on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and ephrin-B2 (EphB2) in the frontal lobe of the involved side and the cerebellum of rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of Tongqiao Huashuan Decoction in treating acute ischemic stroke. Seventy healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza), and Miao medicine groups. Modified Longa's method was used to prepare a cerebral ischemia reperfusion model. After the operation, the rats in the sham operation group and model group were intragastrically administered with saline, those in the Miao medicine group were intragastrically administered with Tongqiao Huashuan Decoction, and those in the S. miltiorrhiza group were intraperitoneally injected with S. miltiorrhiza. After 14 days of administration, the neurological deficit scores of the rats in each group were compared before and after treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the brain tissues in the right infarcted areas of the rats. VEGF expression in the frontal lobe and cerebellum was observed through immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization to detect EphB2 expression in the frontal lobe and cerebellum. The neurological deficit scores were significantly improved in the Miao medicine and S. miltiorrhiza groups aftertreatment compared with those of the model group (P<0.05) and was higher in the Miao medicine group than in the S. miltiorrhiza group. The VEGF expression in the right frontal lobe and cerebellum was significantly increased in the Miao medicine and S. miltiorrhiza groups (P<0.05) with the former having higher levels than the latter (P<0.05). EphB2 expression was significantly increased in the frontal lobe and cerebellum in the Miao medicine and S. miltiorrhiza groups (P<0.05) and was higher in the frontal lobe of the Miao medicine group than that of the S. miltiorrhiza group (P<0.05) but was not significantly different in the cerebellum in the S. miltiorrhiza and Miao medicine groups (P>0.05). Tongqiao Huashuan Decoction can improve the neurological function score and promote the VEGF expression in the frontal lobe and cerebellum and the EphB2 expression in the frontal lobe of the involved side of MCAO rats. The pharmacological mechanism of Tongqiao Huashuan Decoction in treating acute ischemic stroke may be related to its regulation of VEDF and EphB2 expression in the distal part of the involved side.

Microcalorimetric study on the activation effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae combined with Radix puerariae on mice splenic lymphocytes

The thermogenic activity of Radix puerariae, Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza + R. puerariae on the spleen lymphocytes of mice was investigated by using isothermal microcalorimetry. By analyzing the area under the curve, a good dose–effect relationship was obtained for R. puerariae, S. miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza + R. puerariae, respectively. R. puerariae group and S. miltiorrhiza group expressed a synergistic effect on the spleen lymphocytes between R. puerariae and S. miltiorrhiza. The effect is in a high-dose-dependent relationship. Group of the S. miltiorrhiza + R. puerariae combination was significantly better than the effect of low-dose group, in line with the clinical drug rule. The activation mechanism was explored by network pharmacology method. The 20 pathways which S. miltiorrhiza and R. puerariae work together may be the basis for their synergistic effects. The combined application of microcalorimetry and network pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine provides new ideas and research directions for traditional Chinese medicine researches.

Effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on Tmmrna Expression in Coronary Artery Tissue of Rats with High Salt Induced Blood Stasis

Objective To understand the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the cardiovascular system by the expression of tissue TMmRNA, and to provide the scientific basis for the use of Salvia miltiorrhiza and a low salt diet for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by high salt intake. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, high salt group and Salvia miltiorrhiza group. The blank group was given intragastric distilled water and the high salt and the Salvia miltiorrhiza groups were treated with intragastric administration of 12% NaCl, for 30 consecutive days. Seven days before finishing this model, sterile water was injected intraperitoneally every afternoon in the blank group and the high salt group while, in the Salvia miltiorrhiza group, an injection of Salvia miltiorrhiza was given every afternoon. Then the animals were killed and the coronary arteries were removed. The expression of thrombomodulin mRNA (TMmRNA) in the coronary arteries of the rats in each experimental group was detected by the RT-PCR technique. Result Compared with the blank group, the expression of TMmRNA in the coronary tissue of the high salt group was obvious (p 0.05). Compared with the high salt group, the expression of TMmRNA in the coronary tissue of the Salvia miltiorrhiza was significantly different (p Conclusion Salvia miltiorrhiza can reduce the expression of TMmRNA in the tissue of blood stasis caused by high salt, promote the repair of blood vessel endothelium and blood movement, and can effectively improve the damaged coronary artery. Acknowledgements Supported by a project grant from Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81503476).

Expression of secreted frizzled-related protein-1 in patient with oral submucous fibrosis

Objective: To investigate the concentrations and clinical significance of secreted frizzled-related protein-1(SFRP1) insaliva and gingival crevicular fluid of patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) as well as the expression of SFRP1 in patients' OSF buccal mucosa. Methods: Twenty OSF patients aged 20 to 40 years old were recruited and randomly divided into two experimental groups, of which were triamcinolone acetonide group and combined triamcinolone acetonide and salvia miltiorrhiza group, respectively. Ten healthy volunteers matchable in sex and age with the patients were recruited as control group. Concentrations of SFRP1 in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after a continuous treatment of 4 weeks. The visual analogue scale(VAS) pain scores and opening size were also recorded. The expression of SFRP1 in samples from OSF patients' buccal mucosa was also detected using immunohistochemical method. SPSS 16.0 was applied to analyze the results of the experiments. Results: The concentrations of SFRP1 in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid before treatment were (105.8±27.6) ng/L and (84.7±33.2) ng/L in triamcinolone acetonide group, and (86.6±23.2) ng/L and (97.0±23.2) ng/L in combining group, which were both significantly lower(P<0.01) than that in normal group([153.0±32.8] ng/L and [157.5±31.1] ng/L), respectively. The positive expression rate of SFRP1 in OSF group(10%[2/20]) was significantly lower than that of the control group(10/10)(P<0.01). After the treatment for 4 weeks, the concentrations of SFRP1 increased to (141.2±35.3) ng/L and (130.6±31.3) ng/L in triamcinolone acetonide group, and to (148.5±65.9) ng/L and (123.0±27.4) ng/L in combining group, which were both significantly higher than those of pre-treatment, respectively(P<0.01). Conclusions: The concentrations of SFRP1 in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of OSF patients, which positively corelated to the expression of SFRP1 in OSF patients' buccal mucosa, were significantly lower than that of normal individuals and increased significantly after treatments of local injections of triamcinolone acetonide only or combined with salvia miltiorrhiza.

Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on retinopathy

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on diabetic retinopathy (DR). MethodsDiabetic mice of natural incidence type with monogenic inheritance were selected. Alloxan was injected into the caudal vein of mice once to induce DR. The structural changes of retina tissue in normal mice, DR mice and mice with high, medium and low dose of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection were observed under microscope. Then the blood glucose concentration and malonaldehyde (MDA) content were detected. ResultsThere were some microaneurysms in retina of DR group, number of gangliocyte was decreased significantly, and cells were sparse and in disorder. After modeling, the blood glucose level of high-dose Salvia miltiorrhiza group (SM III group) was significantly different from DR group (P<0.01). Till the tenth week, the blood glucose level of all SM groups was decreased significantly compared with DR group (P<0.01). The effective rates of three SM groups were 93.8%, 76.4% and 50.3%, respectively. After ten weeks, MDA content of DR group was significantly higher than those of the normal control group and SM group (P<0.01), and medium and low dose SM groups had significantly higher MDA than that of normal control group (P<0.01). ConclusionsSalvia miltiorrhiza had certain protective effect on DR mice through the blood-ocular barrier.

Cardio-Protection by Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction is Related to Na+–Ca2+ Exchanger

Ginkgo biloba has been used for medical purposes for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. Ginkgo biloba extract 50 (GBE50) is a new standardized GBE product that matches the standardized German product as EGb761. This paper is aimed at studying the cardio-protection effects of GBE50 Salvia miltiorrhiza on myocardial function, area at risk, myocardial ultra-structure, and expression of calcium handling proteins in rat ischemic myocardium. Myocardium ischemia was induced by the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion and myocardial function was recorded by a transducer advanced into the left ventricle on a computer system. In vitro myocardial infarction was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and Evans blue staining of heart sections. Morphological change was evaluated by electric microscopy and Western blotting was used for protein expression. Hemodynamic experiments in vivo showed that postischemic cardiac contractile function was reduced in ischemic rats. Salvia miltiorrhiza (7.5 g/kg/d×7) and Ginkgo biloba extract 50 (GBE50) (100 mg/kg/d×7) improved post-schemic cardiac diastolic dysfunction while not affecting the systolic function. In hearts of GBE50 group and Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) group, the area at risk was significantly reduced and myocardial structure was better-preserved. Moreover, Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchanger (NCX) expression increase and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase 2 (SERCA2), LTCC, and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) expression decreases were smaller than those in ischemia group. There was a significant difference between the GBE50 and ischemia group in NCX expression. GBE50 could improve recovery in contractile function and prevent myocardium from ischemia damage, which may be caused by attenuating the abnormal expression of NCX.

The effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on vasoactive substance and hepatic function in severe acute pancreatitis

Objective To explore the changes of TXA2,PGI1 and hepatic function as well as effects of salvia miltiorrhiza on the patiente with server acute pancreatitis hepatic injury. Methods 57 patitnts with SAP were randomly divided ito control group and salvia miltiorrhiza treatment group. Patientes in control group received routine treatment, and the patients in salvia miltiorrhiza treatment group received additional salvia miltiorrhiza. The changes of plasma TXA2, PGI1 and hepatic function were conitored and compared between them. Results Plasma TXA2, the ratio of TXA2/PGI1 were significantly lower in the salvia miltiorrhiza group as compared with the control group on the 3,7,14 d after treatment( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ) ;but there were no obvious difference in the plasma PGI1 levels at each time point. The hepatic function in the salvia miltiorrhiza group were change normal after 14 days,which had signification difference than those in the control gruop P ＜ 0.05orP ＜0.01). Conclusion The salvia miltiorrhiza had a significant efficacy to treated the SAP hepatic injure. salvia miltiorrhiza may correct the imbalance between constrictionand factor and relaxation factor to improve the microcirculation of hepatic, and this was one of the mechanisms of salvia miltiorrhiza in treatment of SAP hepatic injure. Key words: Server acute pancreatitis; Hepatic injure; Salvia miltiorrhiza; TXA2/PGI1

Effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on coronary collateral circulation in dogs with experimental acute myocardial infarction.

To evaluate the effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on coronary collateral circulation in dogs with experimental acute myocardial infarction, 12 dogs were randomly divided into Salvia Miltiorrhiza group (group D) and control group (group C). Acute myocardial infarction model was established in all dogs, Salvia Miltiorrhiza or saline was administered to the 2 groups respectively for 21 days. Coronary angiography was performed before and after ligation of coronary artery. The capillaries and distribution vessel density in tissue sections of myocardia were assessed. Angiography 2 h and 22 days after ligation of coronary artery revealed significant augmentation of collateral vessels, and capillaries and distribution vessel density in ischemic zone on day 22 showed statistically significant augmentation in group D as compared with that of controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). It is concluded that Salvia Miltiorrhiza might improve the opening and formation of coronary collateral circulation of ischemic myocardia in dogs and thereby protecting myocardia from ischemia.