Millennial Women Research Articles

Finding meaning during COVID-19: the experiences of single millennial women

ABSTRACT Ten single, female millennials were interviewed about their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly focusing on meaning in life (MIL). The participants generally reported that the pandemic clarified what gave them meaning, and they scored higher on MIL than adult women prior to the pandemic. Almost all participants reported more meaning in helping others and in their relationships during the pandemic. However, they also found it hard to maintain relationships, found it challenging to date, and became more distant with some friends during the pandemic. Participants reported that having more time to focus on themselves during the pandemic had many benefits, including gaining more self-insight and more self-acceptance, having more time to reflect, and engaging in more self-care activities. Results are discussed in relation to what we learned specifically related to coping during the pandemic. Implications for finding meaning in the face of hardship are discussed.

PERSEPSI PEREMPUAN GENERASI MILENIAL TERHADAP KEHADIRAN ANAK: KAJIAN PENDAHULUAN

The presence of children is interpreted as the hope of the family, the successor of offspring, the bearer of happiness and blessings. But along with the times, many married couples choose not to have children, this is certainly contrary to the construction of Indonesian society related to the concept of the ideal family. This can be seen from the decline in Total Fertility Rate in Indonesia. This study used descriptive quantitative methods with purposive sampling techniques based on criteria, namely women aged 27-35 years who belonged to the millennial generation a total of 50 respondents. Primary data sources through online penelitians. This study uses Schmitt & Schmitt's theory of direct and constructive perception to see the influence of internal and external factors in the formation of perception. The results show that individual internal and external factors influence millennial women's perceptions of the presence of children in marriage. Then, the millennial generation who prioritizes maturity, stability and readiness from various factors, interprets the presence of children in the family is not a necessity and does not make children the only source of happiness even though it is undeniable that children become a complement to the family. Further studies are needed to obtain more comprehensive data. In addition, premarital education and counseling programs, gender equality campaigns, and community support and social networks can be used as recommendations. Keywords: perception, millennial, child, marriage

Exploring the determinants of solo female travel intention among millennials: a comparative study from rural and urban perspectives

Purpose This study aims to investigate the factors that impact the solo travel intentions of millennial women in rural and urban areas. By exploring these factors, this research also sheds light on the similarities and differences in travel behaviors and motivations of women in different geographical contexts within India.

Proximal Motives of Sexual Arousal, Power, and Relationship for Sexual Aggression: Supporting the Millennial Shift

ABSTRACT We examined three proximal motives for sexual aggression (sexual persistence after a turn down): sexual arousal, power, and relationship. The MTurk sample consisted of 264 adults: 92 Millennial men (35%), 51 Millennial women (19%), 82 Gen X men (31%) and 39 Gen X women (15%). The motive data, measured by the Sexual Aggression Motive Assessment (SAMA), were unanalyzed data extracted from the authors’ previous study of the Millennial shift, a phenomenon in which Millennial women, as compared to older generation women, showed higher levels of sexual aggression, while Millennial men, in comparison to older generation men, demonstrated lower levels of sexual aggression. For all respondents combined, the most chosen motive category was sexual arousal (95%), followed by relationship (49%), and then by power (18%) with 50% choosing two or more motive categories. Providing conceptual support for the Millennial shift, significantly more Millennial women than Gen X women chose motives of sexual arousal and power as reasons for perpetrating sexual aggression. An important finding for the relationship motive is that substantial numbers of both men and women engaged in sexual aggression because they felt that having sex would make the person like them.

Voices of the career delayed: Korean millennial women's underemployed experience

South Korean Millennials have exceptional educational, cultural, and professional backgrounds compared to other generations, but they are overqualified and underemployed in the country's competitive job market. Moreover, Korean Millennial women face more complex forms of discrimination than Korean men. Thus far, most empirical studies have illuminated the problem of unemployment rather than that of underemployment, and studies of women in underemployment are even rarer still. This study employed a feminist methodological approach, conducting qualitative interviews in order to reveal well-educated Korean Millennial women's job experiences and how living in a male-dominated society and patriarchal system affects them. This study used thematic analysis to examine ten underemployed Korean Millennial women's job experiences. Through feminist qualitative interviews, the ten women not only revealed their experiences of being subjugated as women employees at work, they also highlighted both the negative and positive sides of being underemployed.

Twentieth-Century Change in the Educational Costs of Adolescent Childbearing.

Although studies observe heterogeneity in the effects of adolescent childbearing on schooling, little is currently known about when this pattern emerged or how it changed across cohorts of women who lived in distinct periods of US history. This article identifies the potential origins of effect heterogeneity in the educational costs of adolescent childbearing and extends recent advances in causal inference to detect group differences in heterogeneity. The analysis applies this approach to four cohorts of women from the National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS) who entered adolescence before, during, and after expansive economic, demographic, and cultural change in the twentieth century. Results suggest that the educational costs of adolescent childbearing, as well as heterogeneity in those costs, increased for women in the latter half of the twentieth century, especially for millennial women born 1980-84. The authors conclude that midcentury social changes fundamentally altered the educational costs of adolescent childbearing for women.

The Concept of "Mental Accounting" as the Spirit of Personal Financial Management for Millennial Women

The research objective seeks to examine the ethno-economic dimensions that encourage Millennial Women to form behavioral decisions in managing personal finances. The novelty in this research is describing and analyzing the concept of "Mental Accounting" in managing personal finances, thus creating financial independence for women in Indonesia and becoming a new color in accounting research. The ethno-economic method was chosen in the research with the aim of explaining the reality of the behavior of the millennial generation in managing personal finances. The results of the study found the meaning of the concept of "mental accounting" applied by Millennial Women in managing personal finances in accordance with the Ethno-Economic dimension, namely past financial expenditure, budgeting planning for future expenditure and financial behavioral decisions. The theoretical contribution to this research is to strengthen the concept of "Mental Accounting" and human capital theory. The practical contribution of this research can be used as a basis for forming a personal financial management model for millennial women in Indonesia.

Empowering the Next Generation: Unveiling Leadership Motivators for Millennial Women in Christian Higher Education

Over the past decade, the rate of presidential turnover in higher education has accelerated, prompting research on what motivates the next generation of leaders. This article focuses on millennial women in Christian higher education, a sector where White male leaders have historically dominated: Women have remained underrepresented in college presidencies despite earning the majority of degrees at all levels. Although leadership literature has addressed that women have broken beyond the glass ceiling toward improved gender equity, both gender and generational barriers continue to impede a woman’s ambition to pursue a presidency. The research herein was conducted using the theoretical framework by Dahlvig and Longman, a women’s leadership development model, to investigate further millennial women’s intrinsic and extrinsic motivators to aspire and pursue a presidency in Christian higher education. This article explores the relevant literature and examines the findings from interviews of 12 millennial women participants who work at Christian colleges and universities within the Council for Christian Colleges & Universities. Seven major themes emerged from the data: (a) patient preparation for the presidency; (b) the value of relationships, recognition, and representation; (c) how the experiences of current leaders differ; (d) what it means to be intrinsically wired as a leader; (e) care for the well-being of the institution; (f) exercising faith over fear; and (g) transformation through developmental relationships with mentors, coaches, and sponsors. These findings contribute to an understanding of the motivators of millennial women as they contrast with previous generations. Findings also support the adapted model proposed here, the millennial women’s leadership development model, as well as offering practical implications for campus leaders and aspiring women presidents.

Teaching While Black: Black Women Millennials’ Experiences of Teaching in South African Universities

The South African government continues to work tirelessly to reverse the effects of apartheid by addressing social inequalities and transforming the higher education sector by dismantling structural, cultural, institutional, and interpersonal discrimination. Black 1 1 The use of the lowercase “w” for white or whiteness in this article is the author’s stylistic act of decentering whiteness to amplify African women’s experiences. South African women have fought for the right to access education as well as to pursue higher education to the top levels of teaching in these institutions. Traditionally, the custodians of knowledge have been older white men. Millennial Black women’s presence in these spaces of higher institutions is disruptive and continues to be a site of conflict and negotiation for younger Black women academics. This article argues that race, intersecting with gender, age, and class, influences their teaching experiences in universities and how students perceive Millennial Black women in postapartheid South African universities. Intersectionality underpins this qualitative study, which explores nine Black Millennial women’s teaching experiences in universities in South Africa. The findings suggest that these women’s experiences are influenced by the kind of university in which they teach. The narratives showed how Millennial Black women lecturers at historically white institutions experience more hostility, mostly from students who share their same race and gender. This contrasts with the experiences of Millennial Black women who teach at historically Black institutions. The study has implications for university and government transformation agendas.

Pengaruh Kenikmatan Yang Dirasakan, Kegunaan Yang Dirasakan Dan Niat Merekomendasikan Terhadap Minat Beli Perempuan Millenial Pengguna Tik Tok Di Kota Bengkulu


 
 
 
 Tiktok social media is not only a medium for entertainment, but is considered effective enough to be relied on in finding information regarding many things such as promotional searches, this is due to the increasing popularity among Millennial women today. The popularity of Tiktok social media makes people easily involved and inspired to use the TikTok application. This study aims to determine the effect of perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness and intention to recommend on consumer purchase intention of millennial women in Bengkulu City. The results of this study found that perceived enjoyment has a positive effect on the buying interest of millennial women in Bengkulu City, meaning that using TikTok can provide enjoyment and pleasure to Millineal women so that they have the intention to make a purchase. Perceived usefulness has a positive effect on the buying interest of Bengkulu City Millennial women, meaning that TikTok is very useful for Millineal women, especially in making online purchase transactions, Millennial women really feel the usefulness of TikTok for shopping and choosing the products they want in the TikTok application so they don't have to leave the house to shop. Intention to recommend has a positive effect on Buying Interest of millennial women in Bengkulu City, meaning that if Millennial women feel the benefits of using TikTok they will recommend TikTok to others either directly inviting others to use TikTok or recommending through their social media accounts that they are very satisfied using the TikTok application.
 
 
 

Respon Perempuan Milenial dalam Wacana Legalisasi Poligami di Aceh

The discourse on the legalization of polygamy in Aceh, which is contained in the Family Qanun, has become one of the issues that has generated pros and cons among the community. For the proponents and those who agree, legalizing polygamy is considered capable of minimizing the practice of nikah sirri and illegal polygamy. However, those who oppose it feel that this discourse is not an effective solution and instead creates new problems. This research focuses on the responses of Acehnese millennial women and their involvement in the discourse of legalizing polygamy in Aceh. Through a qualitative approach and literature study analyzed through gender politics theory and all conceptions, the research results were obtained: 1) 75% of informants strongly rejected the discourse on legalizing polygamy in Aceh because they considered that this plan would not be able to solve the problem of siri marriage or guarantee the rights of women and children as promised. Legalization of polygamy is considered to normalize polygamy and this further distorts the position of women in the family, 2) The involvement of women in bureaucracy and decision-making, especially millennials, is still very minimal, so in terms of their involvement in the discourse of legalizing polygamy in Aceh, it is still very lacking.

The Death of the Girlboss: Critical Feminist Epistemology and Implications for Human Resource Development

Since their entrance into the workforce, millennial women have had to navigate the workplace and professional life differently than previous generations. In order to navigate challenges within the professional space effectively, some professional millennial women adopted a mentality that has come to be known as the girlboss, which emerged as a dominant archetype in both professional spaces and the broader cultural landscape and inherently propagated white feminism. The purpose of this paper is to utilize critical feminist epistemology to critique the idea of the girlboss with the intent to open the possibility for more inclusive conversations about gender, sexuality, race, power, intersectionality, and work. This paper concludes with a discussion that includes implications for HRD research and practice.

Elevating Aesthetics: Patient-Specific Treatment with Hyaluronic Acid Fillers to Improve Appearance and Psychosocial Wellbeing

Perception of beauty is changing from a rigid concept (i.e., the universal idea of beauty) to a multifaceted and personalised view of one’s appearance. One of the main concerns of patients is looking artificial and losing their unique facial expressions, which encourages them to seek aesthetic procedures that yield the most natural results. Patients also wish to increase their self-esteem and, ultimately, improve their quality of life. It is now well-established that treatment with hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dermal fillers improves the psychosocial state of patients. The assessment of facial anatomy and patient needs, accompanied by the proven holistic benefit and good safety profile of HA dermal filler treatment, is also a key factor for an optimal outcome. In addition, clear communication between patient and physician is crucial to manage patient expectations, maximise satisfaction, and minimise procedural risks. The availability of a wide range of HA dermal fillers, customised for specific anatomical areas and facial movements, allows physicians to develop patient-specific treatment plans. This review of the ‘Elevating Aesthetics’ symposium held at the International Master Course on Aging Science (IMCAS) 2023 shares insights into the patient’s facial anatomy and possible danger zones presented during a cadaver workshop. Several successful treatment plans tailored to different patient profiles (i.e., patients seeking full-face aesthetic improvement, patients with facial asymmetry, low lip volume in mature and millennial women) were also implemented live. A comprehensive and patient-specific HA dermal filling treatment should be considered by physicians to achieve natural outcomes and improve the general wellbeing of the patient.

Understanding millennial women's attitudes towards the state pension in the United Kingdom

Abstract Many international pension systems have undergone extensive changes over recent decades, associated with a dominant narrative of the need to respond to the pressures of population ageing. This has resulted in an increasing emphasis on curtailing the role of the state and promoting individual responsibility for pension saving. However, there is currently limited research which considers attitudes and expectations surrounding pension developments and, in particular, the role of state pensions. This is despite these factors influencing pension savings behaviour. Existing research suggests that under-saving is most common amongst women (linked to their more fragmented employment histories throughout the lifecourse) and millennials (born in the early 1980s up to the mid- to late 1990s), indicating the importance of better understanding their attitudes and expectations regarding pensions. This article aims to address this knowledge gap by exploring, in the United Kingdom, millennial women's knowledge, attitudes and expectations regarding state pensions, using 45 qualitative interviews and a focus group. The findings demonstrate that millennial women's situation regarding state pensions is characterised by a lack of knowledge, awareness and certainty, which influences their pensions behaviour. It identifies that, in general, pensions were not perceived as a current financial priority, with more immediate priorities taking precedence. Active engagement with pensions and uncertainties throughout the lifecourse, many of which people cannot control, presented a challenge to pension saving. Retirement was often seen as a distinct stage, with participants struggling to visualise their long-term future. The research contributes to the limited international understanding of attitudes towards pension knowledge and expectations, and their links to pension behaviour. It highlights the need for measures to encourage a greater focus on longer-term saving habits, accompanied by a context of collective policy solutions to pension challenges, as opposed to framing pensions in a purely individualised neo-liberal policy framework which adversely impacts on women's pension prospects.

Jeans and their Fashionable Meanings: Revisiting Beverly Gordon's Cultural Conceptual Framework

Jeans and their Fashionable Meanings: Revisiting Beverly Gordon's Cultural Conceptual Framework

Role of loneliness in destination emotional values and travel intentions: analysis of solo women travellers in India

While millennial women are living the fastest and most complex lifestyles, loneliness has emerged as a distinct problem among them. However, travel promotes identity, education and aids in giving meaning and purpose to people's lives. Against this background, the present study aims towards establishing a link between loneliness and travel intentions among millennial women in India. The overall relationship was tested and it was found that the emotional values related to the destination play an important role. The relationship was elicited from the responses of Tier I cities - Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. In addition, the feeling of loneliness has been found positively influencing the emotional values that tourist seek which further significantly influences their intentions to travel towards a destination.

Doin' Me: Millennial Women's Expression of Sexual Agency in St. Kitts

This research paper explores how millennial women express their sexual agency in St. Kitts. Focus group discussions and interviews (n = 19) revealed that women see choice, consent and freedom from pressure as central to sexual agency; that media, age, inexperience, and societal expectations influenced their agency; and that sexual pleasure and identity became increasingly important to them over time. Women's understanding and actions of agency proved sometimes contradictory, and sexual agency was revealed to be a complex, ever-changing, and individual phenomenon. This study contributes to feminist research in the area of women's sexuality and among millennials—an area and group relatively understudied in the Caribbean. Adding to the limited body of research on St. Kitts done by Kittitians, the study is also significant in examining whether or not traditional gender socialization is being accepted or rejected by young women and provides critical insight for health, education and human rights policymakers, with insight about women's ability to be actors in matters related to sex (such as accessing sex education, negotiating contraceptive use and controlling family planning), and their ability to access and enjoy sexual rights.

“Life sucks, coffee helps”: Articulating the authentic entrepreneur on YouTube's girlboss channels

Abstract Common depictions of authentic self-presentation on social media are often interpreted through the lens of ambivalence, performance, or some kind of bind. Through the example of millennial women who call themselves girlbosses, this article explores how authenticity is articulated through three levels: productivity, ordinariness, and belonging. The study is part of a larger netnographic project in which 23 YouTube channels and related social media platforms have been observed for two years. Content analyses of observational and interview data suggest the authentic self is often represented and expressed through specific cultural repertoires (e.g., coffee) that articulate girlbosses as productive and ordinary entrepreneurs seeking belonging and meaning. Further, while digital media allows new kinds of entrepreneurship, at the same time, self-employed digital workers, influencers, and entrepreneurs are left alone to advance their careers in the midst of rising popular misogyny and lacking job security. I argue that participating in communicative practices of entrepreneurial femininity offers girlbosses a promise of happiness if they stay “authentic”; and yet, in a cruel way, this promise also prevents itself from actualising.

The interaction effect of consumer affinity and patriotism among millennial Muslim women consumers

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how the social identity theory and emotional attachment theory influence the willingness of consumers to buy foreign cosmetic products. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism, foreign product judgment and willingness to buy foreign products. Furthermore, the interaction effect of consumer affinity and patriotism are tested in the model.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey of 208 millennial Muslim women consumers was used to collect the data. The structural equation modeling test was used to assess the six hypotheses. Moreover, the two-step estimation approach was used to test the interaction moderation of consumer affinity and patriotism.FindingsThe results indicate that consumer ethnocentrism has a positive and significant relationship with foreign product judgment. Foreign product judgment was also found to have a positive and significant relationship with willingness to buy. In addition, this study concludes that affinity was found to moderate the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and foreign product judgment and strengthen the positive and significant effect of foreign product judgment on the willingness to buy. Finally, patriotism did not moderate the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and foreign product judgment. However, patriotism moderated the relationship between foreign product judgment and willingness to buy.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only focused on one category (i.e. low involvement product), and the authors recommend future studies to examine a high involvement product. Other individual orientation constructs, such as xenocentrism, need to be examined in future studies. Moreover, only intentional measures were investigated. Thus, further research could correlate intentional measures with product ownership. Finally, future research could examine how consumers behave differently across nations. Thus, the present model would require cross-cultural research.Practical implicationsMarketers focusing on global branding and international marketing can benefit from the findings of this paper by understanding the antecedents of consumers’ willingness to buy in the foreign cosmetic products setting. Additionally, foreign cosmetic marketers could focus on consumer affinity to strengthen the communication with and arouse the affinity of Muslim millennials women consumers in Indonesia. Finally, marketers can incorporate messages and signals of patriotism in their marketing communications to increase Muslim millennial women consumers’ love and pride.Social implicationsThe growing obsession with beauty among women has led to the immense growth of the cosmetics industry. This phenomenon has spawned an abundance of cosmetic products on the market. The advancement of information technology has further increased competition for cosmetic products as more products can be quickly brought to market. Muslim millennials consumers must be aware and careful about raw materials, impacts on long-term health, impacts on the national economy, environmental impacts and halal certification when using various kinds of cosmetics.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on international marketing research by incorporating the interactive effect of consumer affinity and patriotism in the acceptance of foreign cosmetic products.

Millennials and the gender wage gap: do millennial women face a glass ceiling?

PurposeThis study aims to measure the gender wage gap among millennial workers in Colombia and determine if there is a marked wage difference between millennial women and men. Furthermore, this study analyzes whether millennial women face a glass ceiling, that is, whether there is a larger gender wage gap among workers earning relatively high wages.Design/methodology/approachThe study data included a sample of 2,144 millennial workers employed in 11 organizations located in the five main cities of Colombia. Oaxaca–Blinder econometric methods of wage decomposition were used to calculate both raw and adjusted gender wage gaps. The latter results in estimating the gender wage gap while controlling for observable characteristics related to individual, family, and labor. In addition, wage decompositions by education levels were carried out to approximate the extent of the glass ceiling among young workers.FindingsThe results show that millennial workers in Colombia face gender inequality in the labor market and that professional millennial women experience a distinct glass ceiling. The adjusted gender wage gap is 9.5%, and this gap increases with education level, increasing to nearly 14% among college-educated workers.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical results are supported by a self-report survey of millennial workers. An important limitation is that the data include millennial workers employed in the formal sector and exclude the informal sector (activities not regulated or protected by the state), which represents an important part of the economy in developing countries.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the empirical literature on gender wage inequality for younger workers. This paper is original in reviewing the gender pay gap in Colombia using a primary dataset. Most of the work in this area has been done in developed countries and this research adds to the findings that have had focused on those nations.