Military Problems Research Articles

Selection of Military Armored Vehicle Using Fuzzy EDAS method

Military armored vehicles are specially designed and equipped for defense and security activities. During military operations, the right vehicle selection is of vital importance for the success of the operation. This problem examined 5 different alternative military armored vehicles for operational and logistic success using the criteria Engine Power, Dimensions, Fire Power Range, Gradeability, and Armor Thickness. In military decision problems, some alternatives probably need to be evaluated regarding more than one conflicting criterion. The decision among these alternatives will usually involve other strategic-level decisions. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) refers to making decisions in such a situation. Are there any methods and techniques available to solve MCDM problems? The evaluation according to distance from average solution (EDAS) method is a multi-criteria decision-making method whose effectiveness has been tested in other problem areas in the literature. In this study, we use the EDAS method to address the problem of military armored vehicle selection in a fuzzy environment. While a Type-1 fuzzy set is used in the fuzzy EDAS method, trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are preferred for military expert evaluation. The results of this study show that the fuzzy EDAS method is effective.

Prevalence of burnout among military personnel in the plateau region of China: a cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesThe geographical environment and military activities in the plateau area pose potential work-related stressors for military personnel, leading to burnout which is an external manifestation of internal energy exhaustion caused by stress. Without countermeasures, this can result in serious military problems. This study aims to examine the association between burnout and occupational stressors among military personnel stationed in the plateau area of China.Material and methodsA stratified randomized cluster sampling survey was conducted among 2026 military personnel from 6 different troops stationed in the plateau area of China. The Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS in Chinese) was administered from March 2022 to December 2023, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.ResultsA total of 2026 military personnel participated in the survey. The mean overall burnout score was 3.37 ± 0.73, with emotional exhaustion at 2.69 ± 0.89, depersonalization at 3.58 ± 0.92, and professional achievement at 3.81 ± 0.85 levels respectively reported by participants on average scale scores ranging from zero to six. Severe level of burnout was reported by 43.2% of participants while medium level of burnout was reported by 54 .3%. Age, education level, length of military service, and household income were identified as important factors influencing burnout.ConclusionThis study highlights a relatively high prevalence of burnout among military personnel stationed in plateau areas necessitating attention towards their occupational health particularly focusing on working hours and economic aspects so as to formulate effective policies and implement intervention measures that strengthen career development for soldiers deployed in such regions.

Mademoiselle de Montpensier: female politician and military leader during the Fronde

Importance. The history of women, the interest in which in national and foreign historiography does not wane, is a pressing problem for historians studying the Fronde in France (1648–1653). During the Civil War, active aristocratic women had the opportunity to express themselves as politicians and even as military leaders on an equal basis with men, and sometimes even overshadow them. An example of this is Mademoiselle de Montpensier who left a detailed account of her enterprises in her Memoirs. They are the main source of this research work and are supplemented by information from the “Memoirs” of another participant in the Fronde, Cardinal de Retz. The purpose of the work is to evaluate her actions in political and military events during the Fronde, to find out the reasons why the Duchess was able to become a political and military leader at a time when women did not have the right to be ministers or generals.Research Methods. To study the materials within the «Memoirs», methods of social history, the study of sources of personal origin, and historical and comparative methods are used.Results and Discussion. The analysis of the sources used shows that Princess de Montpensier was by no means a typical frondeur – her goals, means, and motivations were different from those used by many other “rebels”. Many aristocratic women became “oppositionists” for economic reasons – they joined parties in order to achieve personal goals, which were often selfish. The princess, young, active, physically strong and healthy, received a rich inheritance and solved political and military problems during the Fronde. The combination of personal qualities, wealth and high position in society gave her the opportunity to become the most famous and active frontwoman.Conclusion. To summarize, it should be noted that the memoirist purposefully sought to participate in the political life of France in the mid-17th century. and achieved success. She became a more significant politician than her father, Gaston d’Orleans, and took a significant part in the activities of the party of the Prince de Condé and in the campaigns of his army.

Moving to Advanced Research on Human Machine Interface Design

This poster paper will discuss a variety of items related to Human-Machine Teaming and research in support in-creasing control of autonomous machines present in phys-ical problem domains of interest. Many military tasks can be decomposed into their primary elements – intelligence preparation, reconnaissance, movement, maneuver, fires, and and support across the combat domains of interest – air, land, sea, etc. There are an increasing number of au-tonomous and semi-autonomous ground-based systems available, such as the Multi-Utility Tactical Transport (MUTT) Unmanned Ground Vehicle, for movement of materials, or Quadrupedal Unmanned Ground Vehicle (QUGV) for the disposal of explosive ordinance, comple-mented by aerial platforms considering of a wide variety of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for the gathering and transmitting of information, held together by a common backbone and network. The preponderance of new systems and capabilities brings new issues, one of which is critical to research - how to control and manage a large number of systems. Commercial systems of significantly less capability, such as light-up drone shows, involve approximately 2 people per 100 drones; meaning that a single controller for a sin-gle drone is simply a non-starter. How can research be applied to scale the complexity of operations upwards without additional demands of personnel? This poster discusses several portions of early-stage research into a variety of applications, including: Reasoning about mixed-team processes, includ-ing real/synthetic teammates, and how infor-mation gathered about the use of synthetic teammates within simulation can be transitioned into utilization for a robotic teammate Embedding affective information into dialogue channels in order to save cognitive bandwidth Repurposing of foundational dialogue models for specific tasks and purposes Utilizing psychological research to design sys-tems in order to infer user intent Theory of mind research for autonomous systems regarding their human operators Simulated environments and agents in order to test the simulations in representative areas. Common-Sense reasoning augmented by Large Language Model technology for instructing ro-botic platforms The following things will be discussed at the poster ses-sion, representing a portfolio of ongoing work addressing the problems of large-scale multi-agent command and control. While the near-term application of these tech-nologies is into military problem domains; the poster presentation is cleared for public release.

Problems of management of large density groups of UAVs

The use of large dense groups of UAVs in solving economic and military problems is increasingly used. When solving these problems, it is necessary to form managements that ensure: assemble the group with the construction of the required topology; management of each UAV in the framework of solving a common problem and preventing collisions in a group. The solution of these problems can be obtained on the basis of two approaches. The first – the traditional one – is based on the consideration of the UAV group as an aggregate of individual participants, for each of which management is formed, providing both the solution of the common task and the prevention of collisions within the group. The second – fundamentally new – is based on the consideration of a group of UAVs as a system with distributed parameters. Preliminary studies have shown the possibility of using this approach to solving the problem of managing large groups of UAVs. However, to determine all the possibilities of this approach, additional theoretical and applied research is required.

ECONOMIC CONCEPTS OF PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT

In the conditions of a full-scale war between Russia and Ukraine, our state faces the question of attracting funds from both residents and non-residents to solve military and social problems, as a result of which the national debt is formed and its constant growth occurs. The receipt of macro-financial assistance (soft loans) from the EU had the greatest impact on the growth of public debt. The growth of Ukraine’s public debt was influenced by the receipt of loans under the programs of the IMF, the World Bank, the EBRD, and the government of Canada. The growth of the national debt determines the need to choose an effective method of managing the national debt, because the country’s debt security depends on the management of the national debt. The article analyzes the management of public debt from a theoretical and scientific point of view. The purpose of the work is to conduct an analysis of the economic category of «public debt management», its principles and stages. The main areas of activity of the concept of «public debt» are determined both from a regulatory and legal point of view, and from a scientific point of view; its classification by criteria is given. Public debt is an important economic category that reflects a set of economic relations in the field of attracting positional financial resources with the involvement of the financial deficit of the national sector of the economy on the basis of repayment, payment and maturity.

A heterogeneous picture fuzzy SWARA-MARCOS evaluation framework based on a novel cross-entropy measure

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) entails a heterogeneous decision-making problem, which poses challenges for decision-makers (DMs) in generating an optimal solution. To address this, we have proposed a heterogeneous evaluation framework. First, a novel picture fuzzy cross-entropy measure was defined with the simultaneous consideration of uncertainty and hesitancy of picture fuzzy information, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing cross-entropy measure in relation to its validity and properties. Next, an optimisation-model for determining the objective weights of criteria was constructed based on the proposed closeness measurement and the step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method. This model was constituted from both objective and subjective perspectives under the circumstance of completely unknown criterion information. Additionally, the conventional Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution (MARCOS) method was extended to the picture fuzzy environment, and a normalisation method was developed to transform heterogeneous judgments, including linguistic terms, interval numbers, and picture fuzzy numbers, into a unified representation form. A heterogeneous picture fuzzy SWARA-MARCOS evaluation framework was then established and used to solve a military equipment supplier selection problem. The results demonstrated the validity and feasibility of the proposed evaluation framework, while sensitivity, comparative, and complexity analyses demonstrated the robustness and superiority of it.

Ethics as Moral Practice in Peacekeeping Missions: Insights on the Importance of Ethical Training

ABSTRACT Identifying peacekeeping as practical ethics helps analyze how the problems of existing approaches to military ethical training led to practical problems of standard setting. This article illustrates the value of understanding ethics as a theoretical framework to confront and prepare for moral practice. Pointing out the problems in terms of how military ethics ascertain the nature of ethics, the field of military ethics frames problems in ways that undermine standard settings for moral practice. Specifying these problems complements established theoretical inputs and helps peacekeepers better adjust to the moral choices and dilemmas ahead. This is particularly because military ethical training is also about coming to terms with society’s moral standards and demands that led to peacekeeping and peacebuilding missions in the first place. The article illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of this approach to military ethical training with the example of Austrian peacekeeper ethical training.

Efficacy of a program in increasing coping strategies in firefighters: randomized clinical trial.

to evaluate the effectiveness of a program in increasing coping strategies focused on military firefighters' problems and emotions. randomized, parallel, single-masked clinical trial. The sample consisted of 51 participants in the intervention group and 49 in the control group. The intervention group received the intervention program including coping strategies based on the Nursing Interventions Classification, lasting six consecutive weeks, one day a week. The control group followed the Service Unit routine. Descriptive statistics, Student's T test with Welch's correction and the Mann-Whitney test were used for the analyses. The magnitude of the intervention effect was calculated using Cohen's d index. A p-value of ≤0.05% was considered. in the analysis of the mean difference between the scores in the groups, the means of the intervention group increased significantly for the coping strategies: social support (p = 0.009), acceptance of responsibility (p = 0.03), problem solving (p = 0.05) and positive reappraisal (p = 0.05). The impact of the intervention was moderate in magnitude for social support (d = 0.54). the intervention program enabled the increase of coping strategies focused on military firefighters' problems and emotions. ReBEC: RBR-8dmbzc. (1) The intervention program increases coping strategies. (2) The study included military firefighters. (3) Social support was the main strategy of the study. (4) Intervention group presented better results than the control group. (5) The use of the Nursing Intervention Classification was effective.

AMLO's Final Act

ABSTRACT: During his five years in office, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the president of Mexico, has rarely left the country. But in September 2023, AMLO, as he is commonly known, made a trip to Colombia and Chile, Latin American countries that are also currently governed by the left. In Colombia, AMLO met with President Gustavo Petro and participated in the Latin American and Caribbean Conference on Drugs, where Petro called for an end to the failed strategy of "viewing drugs as a military problem and not as a health problem for society." AMLO said that preserving family unity and combating poverty are essential to that fight.

AMLO’s Final Act

ABSTRACT: During his five years in office, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the president of Mexico, has rarely left the country. But in September 2023, AMLO, as he is commonly known, made a trip to Colombia and Chile, Latin American countries that are also currently governed by the left. In Colombia, AMLO met with President Gustavo Petro and participated in the Latin American and Caribbean Conference on Drugs, where Petro called for an end to the failed strategy of “viewing drugs as a military problem and not as a health problem for society.” AMLO said that preserving family unity and combating poverty are essential to that fight.

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Machine Learning Techniques: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of the World Military Scenario

Military development is increasingly related to strategic independence and technological advantages, representing an important factor in countries’ scientific, technological, and economic development. In this context, the present work proposes a methodology for evaluating the world’s military power based on the integration between Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) and Machine Learning. To this end, data from the military, economic, and strategic spheres of 140 countries were analyzed and evaluated considering 12 quantitative variables. Considering the large volume of data to be analyzed and establishing a ranking of countries, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), an unsupervised Machine Learning technique, was used. PCA allowed the analysis of 140 countries, identifying three factors representing the collective behavior of the 12 original variables, providing a world ranking of military power. The results were compared with specialized rankings on the subject and proved robust and reliable. As a contribution to the academy and society, the authors highlighted that this work fills the gap regarding the application of PCA in military problems to classify the observations, emphasized that the proposed methodology can be replicated in the most diverse problems and serve as input in other MCDM and data science techniques. In addition, the multidisciplinary of PCA allows the technique to support the decision-making process in the most diverse areas of knowledge that involve data analysis in tactical, operational, and strategic problems.

Частная жизнь татарской женщины дореформенной эпохи (на примере Мензелинского уезда)

The article restores the social and economic status of Tatar women based on documents of Orenburg Mokhammedan Religious Assembly (OMRS), state audit documents, acts of civil status, and journalistic materials of the 19th-early 20th centuries. The Menzelinsk Uyezd had class specifics and was a part of the military (canton) administration. The chronology of the article starts from the late 18th century and continues until the mid–1860s, due to the fact that at the time the state authorities approved certain laws on marriage and family life of Muslims of the Russian Empire: they changed the age of marriage and legalised inter-class marriages, the OMRS began to regulate marital disputes and inheritance cases. The author places the main focus on the marriage and family aspect of private life and includes many archival examples related to the Tatar women of the Menzelinsk Uyezd. Tatar women turned to OMRS when they needed a divorce or permission to remarry, etc. Women were independent subjects of Muslim and civil law, but they always acted with the support of their relatives. Images of Tatar women in the first half of the 19th century presented in publicistic works are a bit static. Russian authors described only the look of a Tatar woman, the cost of her clothes, accessories, etc. The Tatar view was focused on the composition of the woman’s family (to whom she was married, how many children she had). The article presents the biographies of three Tatar women from the Menzelinsy Uyezd: Kurypla Imanaeva, Gulbadar Akhtyamova, and Khasiba Arduanova. Each case illustrates the main trends in everyday life in the first half of the 19th century (military service problems, the cholera epidemic, etc.). The everyday objects played an important role in interpersonal relations and conflicts. At the same time, in the second half of the 19th century, the Tatar society had an ideal of not only a hard-working and religious woman, but also an educated woman.

Czy stare i nowe miasto były skazane na konflikt? Głos w dyskusji w świetle nowszych badań

Were the old and new towns doomed to conflict? A voice in the discussion in the light of newer research The article consists of two parts. In the first one I present the causes and forms of conflict between municipalities in one urban centre in medieval Poland. It is a summary of and supplement to the material presented in my book about double and multiple cities in medieval Europe, limited here to Polish lands. In the second part, I engage in a debate with works published since then that question the existence of competition and conflict between municipalities: by Marcin Starzyński in relation to Kazimierz in Cracow and by Piotr Samól in the case of Jungstadt in Gdańsk. Direct proximity determined the intensity of contacts and mutual dependence, which led to tensions, and in some circumstances could lead to acts of violence and material destruction of weaker municipalities. The biggest area of tension was economic rights. Among them, the right to cut cloth, sell beer, rights to markets and fairs played a special role. The main centre usually aimed for a monopoly and sought to encompass the city’s broadly defined environs. However, the essence of the dispute was not the economic or craft activity, but its removal from the control of the old town authorities and the functioning of an independent municipality. The older and usually stronger commune looked down on its neighbour, while the younger one felt humiliated and wronged. In addition, direct proximity often caused military problems: weaker fortifications of the new town or their absence became a cause or pretext for restricting or partially or even completely eliminating construction. Open violence against a neighbouring centre was contrary to the interests of the superior of these municipalities, so it happened rarely, usually during a war in the area. At the same time, tension and rivalry between municipalities did not exclude cooperation in many areas or pragmatic benefits from mutual proximity. It probably constituted a potentially significant factor stimulating the development of such complex urban structures.

Application of linear programming in two-player zero-sum games

Linear programming is a useful optimization tool that has been utilized since the 1940s. It has been studied for a long time, and it can be applied to many different areas and fields. One of these applications is the two-player zero-sum game. In this game, each player has a set of possible strategies that is finite. While one player tries to maximize the net payoff, the other player tries to minimize this payoff. Since the problem involves optimizations, linear programming can be involved. This paper analyzes a famous and classic example of the game the Colonel Blotto Game. This game is a military planning problem. Indeed, Linear programming was first developed to solve complex military and planning problems during wartime. This paper utilizes a payoff matrix and some mathematical models to build the mathematical problem of the Colonel Blotto Game. Then the results can be obtained by converting the mathematical problem into a Python Linprog problem. The paper finds the best strategy for Colonel Blotto to maximize the net payoff and how eliminating certain possible strategies will or will not affect the results. Moreover, the paper provides an understanding of the combination of the two-player zero-sum game and linear programming.

Use ofPrize Competitions to Develop Advanced Military Medical Capabilities.

Research and development of military-required innovations are usually funded through the issuance of grants and contracts. The limitations of these funding methods are the a priori specifications and objectives that limit creativity and often do not produce capabilities beyond the desired outcomes or leverage the best ideas and solutions available. This limited engagement of commercial industry to develop military-required innovations usually relies solely on government funding and receipt of proposals from companies whose business model is built on receiving government grants and contracts, with the government owning most of the risks. Because the produced capabilities or products are designed to be military-unique, there is a limited or no commercial market available, usually driving the price per unit extremely high to the point that the military cannot afford to procure products in quantities sufficient to enable businesses to keep production lines open, however, for military-required or desired capabilities or products that have a commercial market, there are other funding pathways available to develop products by partnering with industry, academia, and other non-government organizations and leveraging their ideas and funding. One such way of engaging the commercial industry is through the use of prize competitions. This often under-utilized pathway has several notable strengths such as (1) reduced risks and costs for the military to develop novel capabilities and products; (2) new and novel creative solutions to solve military problems; (3) utilizing a results-oriented approach that funds the successful achievement of acceptance criteria versus funding of potential to achieve; (4) enticing investors by increased competition for a successful product or capability; and (5) delivery of a commercially available, affordable, field-tested, and viable capabilities and products. Prize competitions may be used by any/all federal agencies as authorized by Congressional Public Laws and Federal regulations. The specifics of this pathway for funding pathway and applications for use by medical researchers, developers, and project/program managers are spelled out in the article, along with the regulatory guidance and resources for finding out more about current and past prize competitions.

Robust Multi-View Fracture Detection inthe Presence ofOther Abnormalities Using HAMIL-Net.

Foot and ankle fractures are the most common military health problem. Automated diagnosis can save time and personnel. It is crucial to distinguish fractures not only from normal healthy cases, but also robust against the presence of other orthopedic pathologies. Artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning has been shown to be promising. Previously, we have developed HAMIL-Net to automatically detect orthopedic injuries for upper extremity injuries. In this research, we investigated the performance of HAMIL-Net for detecting foot and ankle fractures in the presence of other abnormalities. HAMIL-Net is a novel deep neural network consisting of a hierarchical attention layer followed by a multiple-instance learning layer. The design allowed it to deal with imaging studies with multiple views. We used 148K musculoskeletal imaging studies for 51K Veterans at VA San Diego in the past 20 years to create datasets for this research. We annotated each study by a semi-automated pipeline leveraging radiology reports written by board-certified radiologists and extracting findings with a natural language processing tool and manually validated the annotations. HAMIL-Net can be trained with study-level, multiple-view examples, and detect foot and ankle fractures with a 0.87 area under the receiver operational curve, but the performance dropped when tested by cases including other abnormalities. By integrating a fracture specialized model with one that detecting a broad range of abnormalities, HAMIL-Net's accuracy of detecting any abnormality improved from 0.53 to 0.77 and F-score from 0.46 to 0.86. We also reported HAMIL-Net's performance under different study types including for young (age 18-35) patients. Automated fracture detection is promising but to be deployed in clinical use, presence of other abnormalities must be considered to deliver its full benefit. Our results with HAMIL-Net showed that considering other abnormalities improved fracture detection and allowed for incidental findings of other musculoskeletal abnormalities pertinent or superimposed on fractures.

Tidal and Wave Renewable Energy: In Support of Marines during Expeditionary Advanced Base Operations

This study proposes an improved method of military logistics focused on tidal and wave renewable energy that reduces vulnerabilities tied to required resupplies and extends U.S. Marine Corps endurance in forward, austere expeditionary advanced base operations environments, ultimately creating options to persist within an adversary’s weapons engagement zone. Currently, one major problem surrounding traditional military operations is an overreliance on fuel, which results in increased consumption and financial costs, as well as the risk to force and risk to mission associated with logistical resupplies. In this article, both descriptive and explanatory qualitative research methods facilitate an understanding of military logistical problems and then explore current commercial logistical solutions for potential future military applications. The results highlight the ability of tidal energy converters to provide efficient and cost-saving renewable energy solutions at military bases and stations. Further results emphasize wave energy converters as viable renewable energy solutions to support the Marine littoral regiment with 2.8 megawatts of power (reducing consumption by 30 percent), combat operations centers, and light and ultralight hybrid tactical vehicles by cutting the tether of required resupplies, limiting fuel costs, and ultimately reducing the risk to force and risk to mission.

The Sufficiency of Solutions for Non-smooth Minimax Fractional Semi-Infinite Programming with (BK,ρ)−Invexity

Minimax fractional semi-infinite programming is an important research direction for semi-infinite programming, and has a wide range of applications, such as military allocation problems, economic theory, cooperative games, and other fields. Convexity theory plays a key role in many aspects of mathematical programming and is the foundation of mathematical programming research. The relevant theories of semi-infinite programming based on different types of convex functions have their own applicable scope and limitations. It is of great value to study semi-infinite programming on the basis of more generalized convex functions and obtain more general results. In this paper, we defined a new type of generalized convex function, based on the concept of the K−directional derivative, that is, uniform (BK,ρ)−invex, strictly uniform (BK,ρ)−invex, uniform (BK,ρ)−pseudoinvex, strictly uniform (BK,ρ)−pseudoinvex, uniform (BK,ρ)−quasiinvex and weakly uniform (BK,ρ)−quasiinvex function. Then, we studied a class of non-smooth minimax fractional semi-infinite programming problems involving this generalized convexity and obtained sufficient optimality conditions.

The Illogical Logics of America’s Wars in the Middle East: Vietnam and Iraq

Introduction: Describing the US wars in Vietnam and Iraq, many critics assert the similarity between US decision making in both wars. The critics of U.S. administration often link between Iraq and Vietnam, charging George W. Bush and his policy makers that they had rejected the lessons of Vietnam War 1965–73 and involved the country in a similar kind of conflict. Purpose: This study aims to draw parallels between Iraq and Vietnam wars which mainly center on the role of misinformation and deception in the run-up to the two wars, the political and military problems that the United States confronted in each case, and the ebbing of public support in the face of two similarly draining conflicts. Study questions: The study raises many substantive questions concerning the two wars: How did America become involved in Vietnam? How did it launch war in Iraq? What were the main motivations in both wars? What were their main aims? Did the decision makers in George W. Bush’s administration learn the lessons of Vietnam or they repeated the same mistakes? Methodology/Approach: The study depends on the analytical and comparative approaches to analyze thoroughly how USA became involved in Vietnam and Iraq, its motivations, and its aims, trying to find satisfying answers to the questions it raised.