Military Aspects Research Articles

Geopolitical Security Concerns: A Catalyst for Russia’s Reengagement of Africa in Relations

Russia, also in the garb of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, had a record of a long-standing relations with Africa, the relationship that incidentally took a cold turn at the instance of the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, as Russia prioritized stabilizing its domestic issues as the successor of the Soviet’s legacy. The emergence of the 21st century came with the post-Cold War security threat to Russian geopolitical space especially from its cold war rivals and hostile bordering states thus, prompting the conscientious efforts by Russia to review its foreign policy towards African alignment. The new Russia-Africa relations have generated a lot of interest by researchers, who have addressed the issue from a wide range of views, some of which included political, ideology, technical and economic. Cognizant of the geopolitical security concerns, which is observed as the primary basis for its new African relations, this research aims to examine Russian reengagement of Africa in relations adopting geostrategic theory. Data are gathered from secondary sources. The research is qualitative and framed within the scope of Russia-Africa security relations from 2014, following its annexation of Crimea, which marked a new phase of hostility between Russia and some North Atlantic Treaty Organisation allied countries. To achieve its strategic goal in Africa, Russia needs to pursue a comprehensive cooperation in other areas of direct investment that could offer African countries reciprocal paybacks that meet their national interests farther than concentrating on military aspect to achieving a personal goal.

Transformation of Post-Soviet Russia’s Interests in the Asia-Pacific Region

The relevance of this study is due to the significant transformation of the system of international relations caused by the geopolitical transit from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. In the context of modern global changes and dynamic processes in the international arena, the study of the transformation of Russia’s interests in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) is becoming especially important. It provides an opportunity to predict future trends in international relations and develop specific recommendations for the development of Russia’s foreign policy strategy. In the context of worsening relations with the West and Russia’s turn to the East, this study allows us to better understand key trends in the region and develop strategic solutions to strengthen Russia’s geopolitical status in the Asia-Pacific region. In particular, it is important to take into account the economic, political and military aspects of Russia’s presence in this dynamically developing region. Thus, this study plays a key role in shaping Russia’s long-term foreign policy strategy and its adaptation to new geopolitical realities, not only in order to strengthen its position in the Asia-Pacific region, but also to respond more effectively to the challenges and opportunities arising from the transformation of the global system of international relations.

European security and Finland’s policy during the Russian aggression against Ukraine

The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of Finland on regional policy of NATO and the Russo-Ukrainian war. The article explores political, economic and military aspects of Finland and Ukraine in the light of the Russian aggression while considering their relationships and foreign policy goals on a regional level. The author draws attention to various aspects of Helsinki domestic and foreign policy that is directed to set a balance in the region and, at the same time, to support Kyiv militarily and economically in confrontation with Moscow. Finland’s active policy of promoting stability can be described as a two-track policy, whereby EU membership and intensified military cooperation with Western partners provide a basis for the maintenance and development of relations with Russia. The author focused on energy resources and its importance for Finland that has a long history of energy trade with Russia. The trade is practically one-directional, as Finland lacks domestic fossil fuel reserves in comparison with its substantial demand for energy, whereas Russia has significant export volumes. Along with the above-mentioned issues, the author is observing aggressive Russian military activities in the Baltic Sea region. Despite peaceful relationships with Finland, Moscow does not mind to remind neighboring countries who calls the tune in the region. Pursuing this purpose, Russia increases military activity in the Baltic Sea region with relatively frequent airspace and territorial water violations. As a result, there is a risk that collisions or provocations might lead to a rapid and uncontrolled escalation. So, Finland finds its important to keep open channels for political dialogue and to seek ways to re-activate existing confidence-building measures. Finland-NATO relationships are taken into consideration as well. The author described the process of Finland’s accession to the alliance. After almost 30 years of close partnership with NATO, Finland joined the Alliance on April 4, 2023. Its partnership with NATO was historically based on its policy of military non-alignment, which changed following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Following Russia’s aggression, Ukraine has requested materiel assistance from the EU and NATO member countries. To date, Finland has donated 23 defence materiel packages to Ukraine. The combined value of all defence materiel packages submitted so far is now over EUR 2 billion.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Hubungan Kerja Sama Keamanan Militer Pakistan-Tiongkok: Implikasi terhadap Stabilitas Regional Kawasan Asia Selatan

Pakistan and China have established cooperative relations in various fields for centuries. In the field of security, the two countries have formed military cooperation that has significantly impacted regional security stability and has been quite effective in addressing evolving security challenges and geopolitical tensions in South Asia. Using descriptive methods, researchers can describe the factors influencing military cooperation between Pakistan and China and examine its implications for regional stability in South Asia. The research findings indicate that Pakistan-China military cooperation is influenced by economic, political, and other military aspects, which subsequently provide a strong position for both countries to face various potential threats affecting the balance of power and stability in South Asia. This cooperation can create a balance of power that stabilizes the region and brings strategic benefits to both countries, though the risks of escalation and increased tensions are also consequences that must be managed carefully.

French breakthrough in the Balkans. Rec. ad op.: G. Peev. Military aspects of bulgarian-french relations since 1878 till 1918. Sofiya: new Bulgarian university, 2023. 268 p.

French breakthrough in the Balkans. Rec. ad op.: G. Peev. Military aspects of bulgarian-french relations since 1878 till 1918. Sofiya: new Bulgarian university, 2023. 268 p.

A multi-domain operation – a modern view at the forms and methods of military operations adapting to the environment of challenges and threats transformation

Relevance of the article is due to the fact that Ukraine is currently faced with an operational response to hybrid threats from russia problem of, that include not only military aspects, but cyber security, information warfare, disinformation, non-military measures and other nontraditional methods of warfare also. One of the modern approaches to adopt the forms and methods of Defense Forces (Armed Forces) of Ukraine application of the to the conditions of the developmentof crisis situations of a military nature the transition to planning and conducting multi-domain operations, i.e. the simultaneous combination of actions in several spaces (domains) at once may be considered. The use of multi-domain operations technology is considered one of the ways to counter the enemy's hybrid threats effectively today. Therefore, the main goal of the article is to reveal the theoretical and practical essence of planning and conducting multi-domain operations, as well as the peculiarities of their organization and implementation. The main methods of research are methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction. The main results of the article are what is defined in it: key features of a multi-domain space military operations conducting; basic aspects of planning and carrying out multi-domain operations; main measures for the preparation and implementation of multi-domain operations; modern features of the transformation and prospects for adapting the forms and methods of military operations conducting by the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the multi-domain space. The materials of the article can be useful to the leaders of the Armed Forces of Ukraine at the operational and strategic levels, as well as to scientists and researchers in the barnches of research on issues related to the Armed Forces of Ukraine use and ensuring the military (national) security of the State.

Methodological approach to determining the nomenclature of mobile assets for acomplishment the tasks of nuclear threat detection and assessment

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that in the context of countering largescale aggression, Ukraine's actions to de-occupy the captured territories and implementing its strategic course to join the European community and NATO, there are potential threats from the russian federation. Continuing its hostile rhetoric, terrorising Ukraine with missile strikes, the russian leadership threatens to use nuclear weapons, which poses the highest level of danger and can lead tolarge-scale radiation contamination (Lessons of the russian-Ukrainian war 2022: military aspects, 2022). Taking into consideration this state of the security environment, it is necessary to respond effectively to nuclear threats and ensure reliable protection of troops, which, in their turn, should be ready to act in radiation contamination conditions. This requires the Armed Forces of Ukraine to effectively train military units of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence capable of performing their assigned tasks and, in the further future, to be ready to detect and assess nuclear threats in joint actions (operations) with the units of NATO member states. All this requires solving problematic issues related to the nomenclature of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence equipment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to ensure the required level of protection of troops. Especially challenging tasks in the current environment are the detection and assessment of the chemical, biological and radiological situation of the movement routes and areas of troops' concentration, the covering of troops and facilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine from reconnaissance and destruction by modern precision weapons, and the liquidation of the chemical, biological and radiological contamination consequences. To a large extent, the maximum reduction of troop losses during actions in conditions of chemical, biological and radiological contamination is ensured by the application of existing and prospective assets of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence However, it is impossible to make reasonable decisions on the nomenclature of mobile chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence equipment without determining the amount of losses of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence equipment during the conduct of tasks in the operations of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in accordance with the trends in the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, forms and methods of warfare, and assets of combat actions. To solve this problematic issue, we propose a methodological approach to determining the nomenclature on the example of mobile assets to fulfil the scope of tasks for detecting and assessing nuclear threats. The methodological approach will allow to formulate substantiated practical recommendations regarding the procedure for determining the nomenclature of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear protection assets. The article presents the nomenclature of nuclear threat detection and assessment, which depends on the scope of detection and assessment tasks and the capabilities of assets used to accomplish these tasks. The materials of the article may be useful for officials of military command and control bodies involved in planning chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) defence during combat actions.

Changing the balance of power in the South Caucasus in the 2020s.

The article examines the key changes in the balance of power in the South Caucasus in the 2020s, analyzing the consequences of the Caucasian War in 2020 and the influence of external actors on regional security. The authors explore the political, economic and military aspects contributing to the transformation of the geopolitical situation, including the role of Russia, Turkey and Iran. Particular attention is paid to the conflicts that have arisen as a result of recent events, as well as the internal challenges faced by the States of the region. The object of the study is the processes of changing the balance of power in the South Caucasus. The subject of the study is the factors influencing these changes, such as the geopolitical interests of states, internal conflicts and the socio-economic development of the countries of the region. The purpose of this study is to formulate forecasts of future changes and development of the balance of power in the South Caucasus in the medium term. The research is based on a systematic approach. The study considers the South Caucasus as a complex and interconnected system in which political, economic and social factors influence the balance of power. When studying media materials and scientific publications, the content analysis method was used to identify key trends and changes in the political situation in the region. The conclusions of the study emphasize the importance of a multilateral approach to the security of the South Caucasus, as well as the need for a deep understanding of the internal and external factors determining the stability of the countries of the region. The novelty lies in a comprehensive approach to the study of changes in the political, economic and military-strategic spheres that are taking place in the South Caucasus. The emphasis is also placed on the transformation of the roles of not only key players such as Russia, Turkey and Iran, but also the influence of the EU, the United States and Israel in the context of modern geopolitical realities. To ensure long-term stability in the region, a multilateral approach is required, including not only military, but also economic, diplomatic and cultural aspects. The creation of mechanisms for cooperation and dialogue between the States of the South Caucasus will help to alleviate tension and prevent the escalation of conflicts.

Epidamnus/Dyrrahchium (Durres) coins and hoard in the Mediterranean territories from 4th to 3rd centuries BC: A spatial distribution analysis

The study of the territorial distribution of Epidamnus/Dyrrahchium coins is a relevant topic in the context of the study of the history of Antiquity, because by studying the history of numismatics, a number of general historical conclusions can be made. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the territorial distribution of Epidamnus/Dyrrahchium coins in the 4th-3rd centuries BC. In the course of conducting this research, a number of methods were used, in particular: analysis, synthesis, comparison, specification and generalization. As a result of the study, the history of the coinage of Epidamnus/Dyrrahchium was considered, and the characteristic features of the first coins were determined. All the finds of Epidamnus/Dyrrahchium coins were also framed and displayed on the map. It was determined that the coins of the 4th century BC were mostly spread on the coastal area of the Adriatic Sea, which is evidence of maritime trade, and also in Sicily, which is the result of military campaigns. In the 3rd century BC coins of Epidamnus/Dyrrahchium appear in the territory of modern Romania and Bulgaria, which indicates the development of overland trade routes. Many coins were also found in the territory of coastal cities, which indicates a stronger development of sea trade. This article is the first comprehensive study of the territorial distribution of Epidamnus/Dyrrahchium coins, and is useful for historians studying the economic and military aspects of Antiquity.

The education of aristocracy in Croatia and Slavonia in the 19th century

AbstractThe author analyses the education of aristocracy in Croatia and Slavonia from the late 18th century until 1918. Education played a vital role in the mindset and lifestyle of aristocracy, and in retaining its elite position in the political, social, cultural, economic and military aspect, to name just some. Aristocrats were trained to become the pillars of society, they had private tutors and teachers, and often finished the gymnasium but did not necessarily continue their schooling at a higher level. Reforms of enlightened absolutism, which opened career chances for lesser nobility and burghers and the rise of well-educated and economically successful modern middle class after 1848, forced the aristocracy to keep pace. However, it still preferred traditional studies of philosophy, law or, to a much lesser extent, theology and was losing its dominant role in the field of arts as well.

PAKISTAN'S PARADIGM SHIFT FROM TRADITIONAL TO NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY: AN ANALYSIS

Since its inception, traditional security considerations have largely driven Pakistan’s national security orientation. Traditional security focuses on military aspects of national security,addressing the domain of direct strategy. Contextually, traditional imperatives such as the Indian factor, nuclear domain and conventional dimension have been the dominant themes of the country’s national security architecture. However, the emergence of the National Security Policy in 2022 can be termed a watershed moment in itsnational security history. The document entails a paradigm shift in its security orientation. That is to say, shift from state-centric security to human-centric security. It recognizes the contemporary imperatives such as economic security, climate security, cyber space security and human resource development as thestate’stop most priorities. In this context, the paper examines Pakistan’s paradigm shift from traditional to non-traditional security as an aspired reality complemented by securitization theory and a human security approach tointernational security based on mixed methodology.

The Nature of Nuclear Damage, in a Legal Context: Analytic Study

Nuclear damages are considered among the most serious challenges that humanity may face in our current era, as nuclear power is associated with the concept of strength and technological advancement, while simultaneously harboring immense threats to the environment and human health. The roots of this challenge trace back to the use of nuclear energy in various fields, whether in the production of electricity or in military aspects. Amidst this increasing use, the nature of nuclear damages becomes evident, imposing on scientists and researchers the necessity to carefully consider how to counteract the negative effects and adopt measures that reduce the severity of this phenomenon. This research aims to understand the depth of the nature of nuclear damages, analyze the difference between nuclear damages and conventional damages, and recognize the characteristics of nuclear damages that distinguish them from other types of damages. Understanding the nature of nuclear damages is a vital step towards developing effective strategies for preserving the environment and ensuring the safety of humanity amidst the continuous advancement of nuclear technology.

AKTIVITAS KEMILITERAN DI ANTARIKSA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ANGKASA (ANGKATAN BERSENJATA ANTARIKSA AMERIKA)

This research is motivated by the need to examine the legal justification for militarization in space and the process of forming the United States space military force in order to understand the related legal implications, because the legal basis and suitability are still questionable according to the principles of space law. The formulation of the problem of this article is How is the legality and process of forming the United States space military force with a focus on space law considerations related to militarization in space? The type of research used in writing this article is normative law and is analytically descriptive. The data used is secondary data and data collection is done through literature study, then conclusions are drawn through the deductive method. Data analysis is done by qualitative analysis method. The discussion includes the application of military aspects in outer space and the formation of military forces between the torture itself. The conclusion is formation of the United States Space Armed Forces is not prohibited long it is still in accordance with the ESD Charter and aims for world peace. But for military activities in outer space, this is prohibited, because not accordance with principles of space law.

Spatial Information Systems for The Security And Military Aspects

The use of technological inputs in collecting, storing, retrieving, displaying, manipulating, managing, and analyzing spatial information is referred to as location information system technology. It combines Remote Sensing, Geographical Information Systems, Digital Cartography, and Database Management Systems. Mapping all types of data is very important for security risk and battle filed management. The concentration will be on two fields. The first one is Security monitoring and Sensors Network applications that required the assistance with Geographical Information System (GIS). Offering the ability to modify the spatial and time data of this paper we will focus on the security risk surveillance, in accordance with GIS map elements.
 The second filed is the Military assets that use GIS for a variety of purposes such as cartography and intelligence. This paper will focus on battle field management, landscape analysis, military installation management, and other topics. Interpreting, and visualizing the data that comes from those remote sensors.

Possible expansion of BRICS in the Middle East

The article examines in detail the prospects for the inclusion of major oil countries in the Middle East, such as Saudi Arabia and Iran, in the BRICS organization, the political, economic and military aspects of such a move, as well as BRICS need that, especially in Russia and China, in order to get rid of the current global financial system based on the dollar, which is actively used by the USA to punish states. The importance and novelty of the article are evident in the presentation of the political transformations of the BRICS countries and the reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Iran and the subsequent reduction of tensions as a result of growing political and economic cooperation and integration with the countries of the Middle East. The entry of the energy-producing countries of the Middle East into the BRICS organization is a necessary step for disengagement of the dollar from energy, which began in 1971. The study presented in this article concluded that the countries of the Middle East have military capabilities, natural resources, as well as development programs and projects to diversify sources of national production, which makes them a strategic addition to the BRICS. Many countries in the Middle East are seeking refuge from the hegemony of the United States of America by opening up to counter-alliances represented by the BRICS and joining the organization's development bank to achieve stability and promote the development of these countries.

Transformation of the EU Sovereignty: Political, Economic and Military Aspects

The authors analyze the rethinking of the concept of «sovereignty» by the Western military and political elites and the prospects of transformation of the economy, political regimes and military construction of the European Union. The article considers the possibility of the renaissance of fascist ideology in Europe, as well as the prospects of military construction and mutual integration of the armed forces of European countries.

The Economic Aspects of the Islamic State in the Era of the Prophet According to the Roman Orientalist Constance Giorgio in His Book: A New Look at the Biography of the Messenger of God

The Prophet’s conquests had important effects on the various political, economic, and military aspects of the Prophet’s era, and among those effects was what Giorgio reported about the impact of some conquests on the economic aspect of the people of Mecca..The current research sought to show that effect through two main points. In the first, the study described Giorgio’s opinion on the economic role of preventing Mecca's commercial caravans from crossing the roads of Medina.The second point dealt with the company of Abdullah bin Jahsh and its economic role, which was reflected in the preparation of the Quraysh and the Muslims and their readiness for the other, which resulted in the Battle of Badr.Through these two axes, some results have been reached that will be included in this study at its conclusion, God willing. This is because one of Giorgio’s most prominent interests in his study and focus was on the battles that had economic repercussions in addition to the military and religious aspects. Moreover, Giorgio was the only one with different numbers. According to the sources of the Arabic biography of the Prophet, he mentions the number of participants in Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib’s squadron (40) men attacked a Quraysh trade caravan. According to Giorgio, it also appeared that there was a significant economic impact due to preventing the Quraysh tribe from passing its convoys through the roads of Medina and the tribes allied with the Muslims. The topics and others will be the focus of this study and its work, in which it was separated, analyzed and concluded.

Una universidad para formar “hombres buenos”: aspectos militares y disciplinamiento social en la Universidad Obrera Nacional durante el peronismo (1953-1955)

El presente trabajo buscará dar cuenta de aspectos de la Universidad Obrera Nacional (uon) no relevados hasta el momento por la bibliografía que aborda esta particular institución. En este sentido, se realiza una somera descripción sobre las características generales de esta casa de estudios y de las distintas perspectivas de la bibliografía especializada para luego analizar aspectos aún no estudiados referidos al tipo de educando específico que esta casa de altos estudios técnicos buscaba formar y a la disciplina institucional imperante durante su funcionamiento bajo el primer gobierno peronista. Para llevar adelante este trabajo, se realizará un análisis exhaustivo de diversas fuentes documentales escritas, entre las que se destacan la Revista de la uon y otros documentos institucionales que no se han relevado hasta el momento; por ejemplo: las actas de las reuniones de decanos y secretarios técnicos, los manuscritos del vicerrector de la universidad y las resoluciones emanadas del rectorado de esta. A modo de hipótesis, se sostiene que la uon fue una institución que promovió la conformación de un educando con características específicas como la “bondad” y el “patriotismo” –entre otras–, en desarrollo de una disciplina institucional de corte militar.

The Story of the Golden Horde Told by Coins (Japanese): 貨幣が語るジョチ・ウルス

Research objectives: This article reviews the recent book by Yasuki Shinichiro, published in Japanese under the title of 貨幣が語るジョチ・ウルス in October 2023 by Seifudo Shoten. Research results and scientific novelty: Since there is no translation of the book at the moment, the English title, translated literally, would be “Story of the Golden Horde Told by Coins.” This review synthesizes the essence of Yasuki Shinichiro’s monograph, “The Story of the Golden Horde as Told by the Coins,” which represents a novel economic perspective on the Golden Horde. Amidst a resurgence of scholarly interest in the Mongol Empire and Golden Horde, Shinichiro’s work stands out for its focus on economic rather than historical or military aspects. Each of the ten chapters is methodically summarized, emphasizing his unique approach as an economist in examining the Golden Horde’s economic structure and influence. The review situates the book within the broader context of international literature on the Mongol Empire, highlighting its distinctiveness and the need for broader accessibility beyond the Japanese-speaking academic community. The comprehensive summary of each chapter underscores the author’s innovative approach to understanding the Golden Horde’s economic dynamics, offering a fresh perspective in the field of Mongol studies.

Research on Target Detection and Recognition Algorithms in Remote Sensing Images

Abstract With the continuous improvement of computer vision and deep learning technology, the target detection methods of remote sensing images are also expanding and diversifying. In view of the shortcomings of the current object detection and recognition algorithms in terms of accuracy and versatility, this paper introduces the reverse scale transfer layer and feature pyramid (FPN) modules and applies the attention models of channel attention mechanism and spatial attention mechanism to each module of the convolutional neural network, so that the feature layer can obtain accurate and comprehensive prediction information, and finally proposes a remote sensing image object detection algorithm DCYOLOv7 with high accuracy. Compared with the benchmark model, the accuracy of the algorithm on small, medium, and large targets is improved by 14.69%, 4.14%, and 5.19%, respectively. The DC-YOLOv7 algorithm is improved by 10.15%, 12.16%, 13.18%, and 14.8% compared with the mAP, AP50, AP75, and AR100 of the benchmark algorithm, respectively. DC-YOLOv7 has a better detection application effect than the classical algorithm in the military aspect. The effectiveness and versatility of the target detection and recognition algorithm in the remote sensing images presented in this paper have been verified.