Miliaria Research Articles

USING PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS TO IMPROVE SURVEILLANCE OF HEAT-RELATED ILLNESS DURING MILITARY TRAINING

Background: Heat-related illnesses are a critical concern for military personnel, especially those unfamiliar with hot climate regions. The Royal Thai Army (RTA) implements a 10-week military training program encompassing four phases: (1) Heat acclimatization training, (2) Combat fundamentals and unarmed combat training, (3) Armed combat training and tactical training, and (4) Field training exercise and evaluations. Objective: This study aimed to conduct a predictive analysis of heat-related illnesses to enhance prevention programs. Methods: The study utilized secondary data from the RTA Medical Department, incorporating variables such as age, occupation, education, underlying diseases, smoking and alcohol consumption, sleep duration, exercise, medication history, body mass index (BMI), weight loss, body temperature, dark urine, heat rash, and environmental humidity. Multiple machine learning algorithms were employed to develop predictive models. Results: The samples comprised 809 male recruits (103,051 encounters) with an average age of 22. Approximately 12% of the recruits had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2, while nearly 70% and 90% reported tobacco use and alcohol consumption in the past 12 months, respectively. Among the recruits, 16% reported substance use within the preceding 30 days. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) model achieved 91% accuracy in predicting heat-related illnesses before Phase 2. The top five predictive variables were Lopburi Province (central region), Songkhla Province (southern region), and Bangkok (capital city), sleep duration before joining military training (hours), and age (years). Conclusion: This study, which applied machine learning techniques to predict heat-related illnesses among Thai recruits, can potentially impact the health and training of military personnel. The comparative analysis of various algorithms identified the XGB model as the optimal performer in predicting heat-related illnesses during the combat fundamentals and unarmed combat training phase. However, it is essential to note that further study is needed to enhance the applicability of our predictive model, which includes expanding its use to new cohorts of Thai conscripts, underscoring our research’s ongoing nature.

Selected treatment methods for colloid milium – a literature review

Selected treatment methods for colloid milium – a literature review

Responding to the Heat and Planning for the Future: An Interview-Based Inquiry of People with Schizophrenia Who Experienced the 2021 Heat Dome in Canada.

People with schizophrenia have died at disproportionately higher rates during recent extreme heat events (EHEs) in Canada, including the deadly 2021 Heat Dome in British Columbia (B.C.). However, to date, little research has qualitatively focused on how people with schizophrenia experience and respond to EHEs. This study aimed to (i) explore how people with schizophrenia experienced and were impacted by the 2021 Heat Dome physically, cognitively, and emotionally and (ii) understand their level of awareness and health-protective actions taken in response to the EHE. Between October 2023 and February 2024, interviews were conducted with 35 people with schizophrenia who experienced the 2021 Heat Dome in a community setting within B.C., Canada. The semi-structured interviews were guided by pre-defined questions to explore the participant's background, living situation, social network, awareness and access to heat-mitigation measures. The transcripts were analyzed using a descriptive form of thematic analysis. Participants shared critical insights on how the EHE impacted them, including descriptions of mild to severe physical manifestations of heat stress (e.g., fainting, heat rashes), the triggering of schizophrenia-related symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations), and the detrimental effects on their energy levels and emotional stability, which further caused disruptions to their everyday life. Participants also illustrated gaps in knowledge and challenges experienced with accessing information, which hindered their ability to manage the heat exposure effectively and, for some, resulted in no actions (or counter-intuitive actions) being taken to mitigate the heat. These findings demonstrate the complex ways that individuals with schizophrenia experienced and responded to the 2021 Heat Dome and revealed various situational and contextual factors that further compounded the challenge of heat mitigation. These findings can support the development of tailored individual and community-level heat response and communication initiatives and strategies for people with schizophrenia.

Extremes of Weather Conditions and Child Health

Background: The number of people exposed to extreme heat is growing exponentially due to climate change worldwide. Heat-related mortality for people over 65 years of age and young children has increased by 85% between 2000–2004 and 2017–2021. World Meteorological Organization announced that there’s an 80% chance that the world will exceed the 1.5 °C temperature limit in at least one of the next 5 years. Aim: To review the impact of extremes of climate changes on Children’s health based on cases managed and reported in media. Methods: Material & Methods: This article is a review of the impact of extremes of heat & Cold weather on children, based on personal handling of cases and media reports of the adverse effects of heat this summer, exercising /punishing children in hot and cold weather. Key findings: Most children experience increased thirst, weakness, headache, dizziness or fainting, muscle cramps, nausea and/or vomiting, irritability, prickly heat & heavy sweating. Dehydration in children is more than just being thirsty, as it is a condition where there isn’t enough fluid in the body because children lose more water than they take in. High heat stress also reduces physical work capacity and motor-cognitive performances, with consequences for school attendance for children. The cold weather itself doesn’t cause illness, but it weakens the immune system, making it a lot harder for the child to fight off infections. Conclusion: Temperatures above long-term averages during summer months and heatwaves are associated with cardiorespiratory and other diseases and mental health issues. Very young children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of heat, irrespective of income level or geographical region. Most heat-related mortality and morbidities are preventable with individual efforts like avoidance of exposure, improved community preparedness, and Public Health Advisory.

Heat-related illness and sun safety strategies for pediatric populations.

The ongoing rise in temperature poses significant public health concerns such as exposure to extreme heat and increased prevalence of heat-related illnesses. Given that pediatric populations are particularly vulnerable to heat-related risks, pediatricians need to be prepared to counsel caregivers and patients on heat protective strategies and treatment recommendations. Children are physiologically susceptible to heat-related complications. Heat-related illness is a spectrum of illnesses ranging from mild heat rash to potentially life-threatening heatstroke. Prevention is key to protecting children from heat-related illness and hazards. Recommended prevention strategies include clothing, sun avoidance, hydration, acclimatization, and sunscreen. It is important that pediatricians provide anticipatory guidance on summer sun safety practices to parents and patients. Should prevention fail, pediatricians must be aware of how to effectively distinguish and treat heat-related illness and harms.

A case of miliaria profunda after excessive sweating during a summer vacation

A case of miliaria profunda after excessive sweating during a summer vacation

Assessment of Morbidity Patterns and Occupational Hazards Among Food Handlers in Food Establishments in Tamilnadu, India

Background: Rapid urbanization has increased the intake of external (outside) foods, causing a surge in food-borne diseases. In the South-East Asian region of the World Health Organization, 150 million people fall ill with foodborne diseases every year, of which, 1.75 lakhs perish. Occupational hazards are of public health importance as they cause permanent disability, loss of livelihood, and morbidity. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 235 food handlers working in food establishments of a private educational institution in Tamil Nadu using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, odds ratio and one-way ANOVA were used. Occupational risk score was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: The mean age of the food handlers was 30.7 (SD=10.3). Of the 235 participants, the majority were Males (86%). The commonest acute morbidity was Acid peptic disease (48.5%). Hypertension was reported in 26% of subjects. The most common occupational hazard was prickly heat (74.9% of the subjects). Work-related stress was reported by 72% of the food handlers. Physical hazards were high with a Mean value of 11.67 (SD=5.9) Conclusion: Half the subjects reported Acid Peptic Disease as the most common morbidity. Burns at work and psycho-social issues were found at higher rates. Periodic deworming, vaccination against enteric organisms, routine examinations and ergonomically designed workplaces can prevent outbreaks and preserve workers’ health.

Miliaria crystallina in intensive care unit

Miliaria, or eccrine miliaria, is a frequently seen skin disease triggered by blocked eccrine sweat glands and ducts, causing backflow of eccrine sweat into the dermis or epidermis wich results in a rash comprising sweat-filled vesicle formation under the skin, it is most common in warm, humid climates during the summer months [1]. The 3 main types of miliaria are crystallina, rubra, and profunda and are classified by the depth of obstruction of the sweat duct causing clinical and histological differences. We report a case of miliaria crystallina.

Heat exposure as a cause of injury and illness in mine industry workers.

The objective of this study was to explore the association between ambient temperature and injuries and illnesses experienced by mine industry workers. Eleven years of de-identified data from a mine industry company in Australia was explored in regards to injuries and illnesses occurring due to outdoor exposure. Each case was filtered for reported symptoms, and meteorological data to match the location of the mine site and date reported were sourced. Of the 18 931 injuries and illnesses observed over the 11-year period, 151 cases of heat-related illness due to outdoor exposure were reported. Twenty-five conditions/symptoms of heat-illness were found, with the most prevalent being dehydration (n = 81), followed by heat rash (n = 40), dizziness (n = 24), and headache (n = 23). The mean number of symptoms reported by each worker was 2 ± 1. There was a positive correlation between ambient temperature and injuries/illnesses (r2 = 0.89, P < 0.001), where, as temperature increased so did the number of reported heat-related illnesses. Underreporting of heat-related illness and injury in the mining industry is likely, which is a risk to the health and wellbeing of employees. Workers require industry specific training about the severity of heat stress and the associated prevention strategies.

A Review on Medicinal Properties of Luffa Cylindrica

Abstract: Luffa cylindrica was used for the treatment of, intestinal worms, sinusitis, asthma, chronic bronchitis pain, carbuncles, inflammation, heat rashes of children in summer, bowels or bladder hemorrhage, hemorrhoids, jaundice, haematuria, leprosy, as anti-pyretic, as anthelmintic, carminative, emmenagogue, antioxidant, anti-emetic, galactagogue and as antiseptic immunological, bronchodilating, reproductive effect and in treatment of cataract. The phytochemical screening of Luffa cylindrica disclose that the plant contained anthocyanins, glycosides, flavonoids, triterpenoid, cardiac glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, and tannins. The pharmacological investigation showed that Luffa cylindrica possessed, analgesic, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anthelmintic, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiemetic, wound healing, immunological, bronchodilating, reproductive effect and in treatment of cataract. The current review discussed biological effects of Luffa cylindrica

Exertional Heat Illness-From Identifying Heat Rash to Treating Heat Stroke.

Heat-related illness commonly affects adolescent patients, especially as summer approaches and global temperature extremes worsen. Basic counseling on sunburn prevention can decrease the risk for future malignancies, and rapidly preventing, identifying, and treating heat stroke can prevent severe morbidity and mortality. This article will review the epidemiology of exertional heat-related illness and the variations in presentations and pathology, from heat rash and sunburn to heat exhaustion and heat stroke. By the end of this review clinicians should be able to identify and treat different heat-related illnesses in adolescents and potentially save a life. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(1):e17-e21.].

Particulate matter 10 induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in rhesus macaques skin fibroblast.

Particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollutant that affects human health worldwide. PM can pass through the skin barrier, thus causing skin diseases such as heat rash, allergic reaction, infection, or inflammation. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the cytotoxic effects of PM exposure on large-scale animals. Therefore, herein, we investigated whether and how PM affects rhesus macaque skin fibroblasts. Rhesus macaque skin fibroblasts were treated with various concentrations of PM10 (1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h. Then, cell viability assay, TUNEL assay, and qRT-PCR were performed on the treated cells. Further, the reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and cathepsin B levels were determined. The MTT assay revealed that PM10 (>50 μg/mL) proportionately reduced the cell proliferation rate. PM10 treatment increased TUNEL-positive cell numbers, following the pro-apoptosis-associated genes (CASP3 and BAX) and tumor suppressor gene TP53 were significantly upregulated. PM10 treatment induced reactive oxidative stress. Cathepsin B intensity was increased, whereas GSH intensity was decreased. The mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (CAT, GPX1 and GPX3) were significantly upregulated. Furthermore, PM10 reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. The mRNA expression of mitochondrial complex genes, such as NDUFA1, NDUFA2, NDUFAC2, NDUFS4, and ATP5H were also significantly upregulated. In conclusion, these results showed that PM10 triggers apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, thus inducing ROS accumulation. These findings provide potential information on the cytotoxic effects of PM10 treatment and help to understand the mechanism of air pollution-induced skin diseases.

Heatwaves and human sleep: Stress response versus adaptation

The World Meteorological Organization considers a heatwave as “a period of statistically unusual hot weather persisting for a number of days and nights”. Accompanying the ongoing global climate change, sharp heatwave bouts occur worldwide, growing in frequency and intensity, and beginning earlier in the season. Heatwaves exacerbate the risk of heat-related illnesses, hence human morbidity and mortality, particularly in vulnerable elderly and children. Heat-related illnesses present a continuum from normothermic (prickly heat, heat edema, heat cramps, heat tetany) to hyperthermic syndromes (from heat syncope and heat exhaustion to lethal heat stroke). Heat stroke may occur through passive heating and/or exertional exercise. “Normal sleep”, such as observed in temperate conditions, is altered during heatwaves. Brisk excessive heat bouts shorten and fragment human sleep. Particularly, deep N3 sleep (formerly slow-wave sleep) and REM sleep are depleted, such as in other stressful situations. The resultant sleep loss is deleterious to cognitive performance, emotional brain function, behavior, and susceptibility to chronic health conditions and infectious diseases. Our group has previously demonstrated that sleep constitutes an adaptive mechanism during climatic heat acclimatization. In parallel, artificial heat acclimation procedures have been proposed in sports and military activities, and for the elderly. Other preventive actions should be considered, such as education and urban heat island cooling (vegetation, white paint), thus avoiding energy-hungry air conditioning.

Heat Rash

Heat Rash

Phitoremidiation of Combination Pistia Stratiotes and Eichhornia Crassipes Towards Changes in Waste Liquid Waste Changes and Plant Morphological Structure

Background: Tofu liquid waste tofu contains a low pH of 3 (acidic), because in the manufacturing process there is the addition of a prickly heat, it will cause pollution. One of the efforts to minimize pollution is by doing phytoremediation by combining Pistia stratiotes and Eichornia crassipes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of phytoremediation Pistia stratiotes and Eichornia crassipes on changes in pH and plant morphology. Methods: The method used was an experiment with four treatments and three replications by combining 0 g (control) biomass (P0), 75 g Pistia stratiotes and 25 g Eichhornia crassipes (P1), 50 g Pistia stratiotes and 50 g Eichhornia crassipes (P2), and 25 g of Pistia stratiotes and 75 g of Eichhornia crassipes (P3) which will be phytoremediated into four liters of waste with a concentration of 25%. The experimental data were processed by analysis of variance at the 5% level. Results: The results showed that the four treatments were able to increase the pH value of tofu liquid waste for P1 with an average of 6.0 while P0, P2 and P3 had an average pH of 5.7. Conclusions: The morphological structure that showed the best results was P3 with green leaves and stems.

The Effect Of Secang Wood Detection Water In Treating Prickly Heat In Infants 0-12 Months

Secang wood decoction can be used to treat prickly heat of the infants Aged 0-12 months because secang wood contains gallic acid, flavonoids, tannins, resins, resorcin, d-alpha-phellandrene, oscimene, essential oils and brazilin which function as anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-biotic and anti-oxidant. This study aimed to determine the effect of giving water Decoction of Secang Wood in Healing Prickly Heat in Babies Aged 0-12 Month in the working area of the Kassi-Kassi Makassar public Health Center in makassar in 2021. The type of research conducted is quantitative research Quasi-Experimental approach. sampling technique ussing Purposive Sampling with Posttest-only Control Group Design.The respondents of this study were 30 babies, 15 babies in the treatment group and 15 control group babies. Secang wood boiled water is used for bathing baby 2 times a day for 7 days. After being given sappan wood boiled water monitoring the healing of prickly heat with statistical tests using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 15 babies were given boiled water seccang wood has the result of healing prickly heat (100%), meanwhile Of the 15 babies who were not given sappan wood boiled water, there were 2 babies who were experienced recovery (13.3%) and 13 infants who did not recover (86.7%). The results after statistical tests were carried out using the Chi-Square test the value of ρ = 0.000 &lt; α = 0.05 is obtained, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded that in this study there is influence Giving Water Boiled Secang Wood in Healing Prickly Heat Infants Aged 0-12 Months in the Kassi-Kassi Makassar Health Center Working Area 2020. As advice for mothers whose babies experience prickly heat, you can applying the use of boiled water of secang wood to cure the prickly heat sweat in babies, so they can avoid prickly heat.

ESTIMATION AND TO KNOW THE ASSOCIATION OF AUTOANTIBODIES WITH DERMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING DERMATOLOGY OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT

Background: The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is mainly associated with autoimmune diseases and connective tissue diseases (CTD). In addition, their presence is found in healthy people. While the actual frequency of positive assays in healthy individuals varies with methodology, nevertheless, up to 20% or more of otherwise healthy people can express an ANA. The basis of this seropositivity is puzzling. One possibility is that ANAreactivity represents vagaries of the assays, allowing the detection of antibodies of either low titer or low avidity. ANAand Anti double-stranded DNA (Anti-ds-DNA) antibodies in dermatological disorders other than CTD, and Vasculitis were not studied till now to our knowledge. Hence this study has been taken up. Aim: Estimation and to know the association, of autoantibodies with dermatological disorders, to better understand the diseases in patients attending the dermatology outpatient department (OPD). Objectives: 1. To nd out the percentage of positivity for ANAby the Indirect Immunouorescent Assay (IFA) method. 2. To nd out the percentage of positivity for anti-ds DNAantibodies by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. 3. Percentage of positivity of both ANAand Anti-ds DNAantibodies in patients with dermatological problems. 4. To know the association of autoimmunity with various dermatological disorders for a better understanding of these disorders. Materials &amp; Methods: Ahundred patients were selected after taking written informed consent and after inclusion and exclusion criteria got fullled. Details of the patients were entered in the case record form and later were uploaded in a Microsoft excel sheet. One millilitre of the venous blood sample was drawn in adults of each of the age categories 18-27, 28-37, 38-47, and 48-57. The upper age limit of 57 is selected for the sake of convenience. Sera were analysed for ANAand Anti ds DNAantibodies by using IFAand ELISAmethods respectively. Results were recorded and analysed. Results: In a total of 100 patients 11% and 13% were positive for ANA and Anti ds DNA respectively. For ANA and Anti ds DNA positivity the mean age was 34.5 ± 12.5 and 40.7 ± 10.7 respectively and females outnumbered males in both. Both ANAand Anti ds DNAwere positive in 3% of which all were females with a mean age of 41 ± 9. ANA positivity was found commonly in Telogen efuvium (3), melasma (2), and Tinea (2). Anti-ds DNA positivity was found commonly in Miliaria Rubra (2), and Tinea (2). Both ANAand Anti ds DNA were positive in telogen efuvium, melasma and tinea. Conclusion:ANA, Anti ds DNA, both ANAand Anti ds DNAwere positive in otherwise healthy dermatological patients with diagnoses like telogen efuvium, melasma, tinea, miliaria etc., to the extent of 11%, 13%, and 3% respectively. It is not known if autoantibody positivity in these diseases is just a chance association or if the autoimmune mechanism got triggered by these diseases. Prospective longitudinal studies are necessary to conrm these nding

Miliaria Crystallina Type Rash as an Unusual Presentation of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant'.

Miliaria Crystallina Type Rash as an Unusual Presentation of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant'.

Paraviral cutaneous manifestations associated to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Background The spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is probably due to its increased transmissibility and ability to escape from neutralising antibodies. Cutaneous manifestations have been reported after infection with the Omicron strain, consisting mainly of generalised urticarial eruption and prickly heat rash, also known as miliaria, that can persist for several days. Here the impact of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 on skin was investigated. Methods The case series of 10 patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant-related cutaneous manifestations were described; moreover, skin derived cells were challenged in vitro with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Results The main clinical cutaneous features observed were urticarial lesions lasting more than 24 h, mainly involving the trunk and sometimes extending to the extremities, and miliaria presenting with clusters of small sweat-filled vesicles, sometimes surrounded by slight erythema. HaCaT keratinocytes, BJ fibroblast cell lines and outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes were not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection; they also did not present any evident cytopathic effect or modification of cells viability. Conclusion Our findings suggests that, despite the high number of nucleotide mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, responsible to the higher transmissibility of this virus, and the increased reports of cutaneous manifestation in COVID-19 affected patients, the virus is not able to directly infect and damage the keratinocytes and fibroblasts, thus suggesting an indirect virus-induced activation of the immune system as the major pathogenetic driver.

Translated article] Adult Colloid Milium

Translated article] Adult Colloid Milium