Milestone Publications Research Articles

Bano Qudsias’ Novel “Moom ki Galian”. A study

"Moom ki Galian" is an allegorical novelit. Bano has done justice to the analogy of human society and the Honeycomb. Especially the points of Apiology have been presented with great precision and skill. This novelit is meaningful and interesting from start to finish. This novel will be considered an important milestone in the history of fictional literature. She narrates examples of animals mocking humans at many points. This style of Bano Qudsia is unique and quirky. Due to which he has a prominent position in Urdu literature. The main purpose of this novel is to correct the evils found in our society, so Bano Qudsia narrates two stories and by giving a light romantic color, she is comparing the human society and their organization, arrangement, lifestyle. But while doing this, she has also conveyed his extensive knowledge and deep observation to us through this novelit. Reference: Mumtaz Mufti, Bano Qudsia. Pati Bhagat, mashmoola: Aur Okhe Log, Lahore: Feroze Sons, 1991, p. 155 Mumtaz Mufti, Ashfaq Ahmed. Storyteller, mashmoola: Aur Okhe Log, Lahore: Feroze Sons, 1991, p. 118 Zaka-ur-Rehman, Syed Javed Akhtar, Jaan Pehchan, mashmoola: Adab Latif, Monthly, Lahore: February March, 1966 Bano Qudsia, Towajha ki Talib (flap), Lahore: Sang-e-Mail Publications, 1985Mumtaz Mufti, aak almia.Bano Qudsia, mashooma: Four hundred, Monthly, Rawalpindi, 1993, pp. 65-66. Bano Qudsia, Moom Ki Galian, Lahore: sang e meel Publications, 2010, p.20 Ibid,P:24 Ibid,P:28 Ibid,P:28 Ibid,P:30 Ibid,P:36 Ibid,P:30 Ibid,P:41 Ibid,P:38-42 Bano Qudsia, Chaharchaman, Lahore: Milestone Publications, 1999, pp. 56-255. Banu Qudsiyya, moom ki galian, ibid., p. 254 Ibid,P:265-266 Ibid,P:260-261 Ibid,P:261 Ibid,P:261-262

Wiley‐SID Volume Delivers Latest Developments in Transparent Oxide Semiconductor Technology

AMORPHOUS OXIDE SEMIconductors (AOS) are a class of electronic materials that has seen significant rapid developments. Their success in the market is secured by the synergistic effects arising between favorable material properties and the ability to control them, a good understanding of the underlying properties that govern the electronic behavior, comparatively straightforward and economical processing, and a receptive audience in the information display community. These materials have helped satisfy the need for lower power consumption, higher brightness, faster refresh rates, and higher resolution. It is not surprising that they have rapidly established a strong position in the emerging field of high-performance portable and large-area displays. With the pace of this technical innovation showing no sign of wavering, pioneering researchers and editors Hideo Hosono and Hideya Kumomi have assembled contributions from more than 50 experts to produce a comprehensive reference text, Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors: IGZO and Related Materials for Display and Memory, in the Wiley-SID book series. The book's subtitle hints at the large family of highly versatile properties and focuses primarily on displays and memory. It emphasizes current leading applications, while also featuring a discussion of broader uses where it is most relevant or instructive. Structured in eight parts, the book begins with chapters that provide a valuable overview of the history, physical and electronic structures of oxide semiconductors, along with their properties in comparison to silicon and the need for applications. A major section follows on fundamentals covering material properties and structure, defects, doping, and conduction. This solid foundation provides an essential understanding for the sections that follow: informative chapters on processing, with a focus on synthesis, solution processing for flexible electronics, and recent advances in atomic layer deposition with applications for thin-film transistors (TFTs) using a variety of active materials. This segues into a handful of chapters on all aspects of transistor design and usage: treating high-performance bulk accumulation and elevated-metal TFT architectures, the origin and control of instabilities, modeling and simulation, and matters concerning oxide TFT applicability to flexible electronics and signal-processing arrays. The final two parts cover state-of-the-art applications and new materials. Applications focus mostly on displays, including those realized with printed techniques, imagers, and memory. These are complemented by chapters on backend line integration of oxide TFTs and neuromorphic chips using AOS devices, which introduce a wide range of future and emerging applications and techniques that lie outside of traditional areas. The section on materials covers light-emitting diodes, electroluminescent displays, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, as well as high-mobility AOS and progress in p-type materials for TFTs. The broad range of activity presented in both materials and applications is encouraging and confirms that where some applications have reached full technical maturity, there is significant room for development as well as an interest in broader uses. A careful examination of the sections revealed a measure of overlap in information among different chapters. However, given the breadth of applications covered, a degree of repetition on the basics of material and transport properties is unavoidable. For students or those less experienced in the field, it presents an opportunity to assimilate major themes through the viewpoints of several expert authors. In this regard, the book does an excellent job of reinforcing and subtly complementing the critical notions, repeatedly relating materials, process conditions, and structure to electrical performance. Most chapters have ample and relevant reference lists, including numerous milestone publications that will provide useful starting points for future literature searches as the field evolves. AOS is demonstrably successful and highly promising in diverse applications. Processing versatility allows for the realization of flexible electronic systems, and recent advances in controlling layers and interfaces are yielding highly efficient and low-operating-voltage devices. The editors demonstrate that the range of AOS applications likely will expand significantly, not only in the stated areas of displays and memories, but promisingly beyond. The book serves as a valuable reference for traditional applications and as a landmark in the development of these versatile electronic materials. The text is easy to navigate and rich in detailed information, which should satisfy a wide readership in both academia and industry at various levels of experience. Radu A. Sporea is a lecturer in power electronics and semiconductor devices at the Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey.

Recent Developments and Trends in Asymmetric Organocatalysis.

Asymmetric organocatalysis has experienced a long and spectacular way since the early reports over a century ago by von Liebig, Knoevenagel and Bredig, showing that small (chiral) organic molecules can catalyze (asymmetric) reactions. This was followed by impressive first highly enantioselective reports in the second half of the last century, until the hype initiated in 2000 by the milestone publications of MacMillan and List, which finally culminated in the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This short Perspective aims at providing a brief introduction to the field by first looking on the historical development and the more classical methods and concepts, followed by discussing selected advanced recent examples that opened new directions and diversity within this still growing field.

Exploring food security as a multidimensional topic: twenty years of scientific publications and recent developments

The scientific literature dealing with food security is vast and fragmented, making it difficult to understand the state of the art and potential development of scientific research on a central theme within sustainable development.The current article, starting from some milestone publications during the 1980s and 1990s about food poverty and good nutrition programmes, sets out the quantitative and qualitative aspects of a vast scientific production that could generate future food security research. It offers an overview of the topics that characterize the theoretical and empirical dimensions of food security, maps the state of the art, and highlights trends in publications’ ascending and descending themes. To this end the paper applies quantitative/qualitative methods to analyse more than 20,000 scientific articles published in Scopus between 2000 and 2020.Evidence suggests the need to find more robust links between micro studies on food safety and nutrition poverty and macro changes in food security, such as the impact of climate change on agricultural production and global food crises. However, the potential inherent in the extensive and multidisciplinary research on food safety encounters limitations, particularly the difficulty of theoretically and empirically connecting the global and regional dimensions of change (crisis) with meso (policy) and micro (individual behaviour) dimensions.

Minimally invasive surgical techniques for intracranial tumour lesions in paediatric neurosurgery: state of art

After a long way of evolution in neurosurgical and intensive care technologies the high-end surgeries have become less challenging and survival rate has improved significantly. Planning a tumour surgery today means not only achieving a total removal but finding a less traumatic strategy that would not decrease quality of the patient’s life. A significant experience of using keyhole surgery, endoscopic assistance, and portal surgery has been obtained in paediatric department of Burdenko Neurosurgical Centre. This literature review is designed to reveal the current state of minimally invasive technologies for transcranial surgery of intraaxial tumours. Representation of the problem demanded a review of publications including original articles and systematic reviews over the last 10 years and some milestone publications.

Misplaced emphasis, misunderstood risk: a cultural history of Public Health Service infectious disease guidelines.

To review and summarize the evolution of the Public Health Service (PHS) guidelines and Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) regulations for the prevention of blood borne virus transmission in solid organ transplant through the lens of popular culture, scientific evolution, patient and practitioner bias and outcomes research. The most recent set of guidelines and regulations were released in 2020 and represent a culmination of decades of opinion, research and debate within the scientific and lay communities. The guidelines were created to address public concern, and the risk of undiagnosed disease transmission in the context of the novel public health crisis of AIDS. We reviewed milestone publications from the scientific and lay press from the first description of AIDS in 1981 to the present to help illustrate the context in which the guidelines were created, the way they changed with subsequent editions, and offer critical consideration of issues with the current set of guidelines and a potential way forward. Further consideration should be given to the way in which the current guidelines identify donors with risk criteria for infectious disease transmission and mandate explanation of donor-specific risk factors to potential recipients, in our era of universal donor screening and recipient surveillance.

Graduate employment in higher education: applying bibliometrics to world-system theory

ABSTRACT As massification of higher education developed, employment challenges in changing labour markets aroused the attention of scholars globally. An interdisciplinary approach called world-system theory is applied by scholars from the social sciences, history, anthropology and cultural studies. This study applied the theory in a bibliometric analysis of graduate employment research using R and CiteSpace. It identified the main characteristics (e.g. authors and countries) of relevant research, investigated the social and economic context of certain milestone publications and visualised research hot spots. World-system theory, as a macrosociological approach to describing the world economy and social system, is innovatively applied in illustrating the findings of the current work. Results indicate that core countries not only are economically influential but also dominating the academic research. Scholars in semi-peripheral and peripheral countries are encouraged to establish transnational networks and foster academic collaborations.

People, Ideas, Milestones: A Scientometric Study of Computational Thinking

The momentum around computational thinking (CT) has kindled a rising wave of research initiatives and scholarly contributions seeking to capitalize on the opportunities that CT could bring. A number of literature reviews have showed a vibrant community of practitioners and a growing number of publications. However, the history and evolution of the emerging research topic, the milestone publications that have shaped its directions, and the timeline of the important developments may be better told through a quantitative, scientometric narrative. This article presents a bibliometric analysis of the drivers of the CT topic, as well as its main themes of research, international collaborations, influential authors, and seminal publications, and how authors and publications have influenced one another. The metadata of 1,874 documents were retrieved from the Scopus database using the keyword “computational thinking.” The results show that CT research has been US-centric from the start, and continues to be dominated by US researchers both in volume and impact. International collaboration is relatively low, but clusters of joint research are found between, for example, a number of Nordic countries, lusophone- and hispanophone countries, and central European countries. The results show that CT features the computing’s traditional tripartite disciplinary structure (design, modeling, and theory), a distinct emphasis on programming, and a strong pedagogical and educational backdrop including constructionism, self-efficacy, motivation, and teacher training.

Jagadis Gupta Kapuganti

Jagadis Gupta Kapuganti

Tackling global challenges in pediatric rheumatology.

To highlight the current challenges in diagnosis and clinical care of pediatric rheumatic disease and barriers to research and education of pediatric rheumatologists worldwide. Recent studies and reports demonstrate a paucity of studies on epidemiology, outcomes, and management guidelines from many regions of the world. There have been noteworthy efforts to bridge the gap in under resourced areas. An analysis of the global burden of rheumatic disease has demonstrated that while understudied, musculoskeletal diseases are prevalent and increasingly contribute to loss of years of healthy life. In juvenile idiopathic arthritis, two milestone publications in global pediatric rheumatology have recently been published. An international study evaluated the epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and demonstrated global diversity in both clinical manifestations and outcomes. Notably, the first guidelines for managing pediatric rheumatic disease in a less resourced setting have been published for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. This document offers the first publication targeted to address challenges faced by pediatric rheumatology caregivers in low-resourced settings. These documents serve as exemplars for international collaboration in pediatric rheumatology and can be used as models for other pediatric rheumatic disease research. Other efforts are making progress in various arenas towards increasing access to care, education, and training in pediatric rheumatology. The global burden of rheumatic disease in the pediatric population is poorly understood but unrecognized disease greatly impacts the overall morbidity and mortality in this population. More studies in lesser resourced regions are needed to prioritize access to pediatric rheumatology care and prioritize a further increase in research capacity and education moving forward.

A preclinical overview of emerging therapeutic targets for glomerular diseases

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Animal models have provided significant insights into the mechanisms responsible for the development of glomerular lesions and proteinuria; they have also helped to identify molecules that control the podocyte function as suitable target-specific therapeutics.Areas covered: We discuss putative therapeutic targets for proteinuric glomerular diseases. An exhaustive search for eligible studies was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE. Most of the selected reports were published in the last decade, but we did not exclude older relevant milestone publications. We consider the molecules that regulate podocyte cytoskeletal dynamics and the transcription factors that regulate the expression of slit-diaphragm proteins. There is a focus on SGLT2 and sirtuins which have recently emerged as mediators of podocyte injury and repair. We also examine paracrine signallings involved in the cross-talk of injured podocytes with the neighbouring glomerular endothelial cells and parietal epithelial cells.Expert opinion: There is a need to discover novel therapeutic moleecules with renoprotective effects for those patients with glomerular diseases who do not respond completely to standard therapy. Emerging strategies targeting components of the podocyte cytoskeleton or signallings that regulate cellular communication within the glomerulus are promising avenues for treating glomerular diseases.

Celebrating Joan Acker: Sociologist, fearless feminist, friend

Joan Acker's life reflects a time when middle‐class women were expected to be satisfied with maintaining the home front, serving husbands and children, not having paid‐work careers. After living “the ideal” for 37 years, Acker took a new path by earning a Ph. D. and producing path‐breaking scholarship that challenged taken‐for‐granted beliefs about gender, family, work, and organizations. Acker spoke “truth to power” and was an academic heroine in posing feminist challenges to injustices involving gender, social class, and race/ethnicity, particularly (but not solely) related to the workplace. This overview lets Joan tell her story and offers reflections on her milestone publications as seen by Pat Martin.

Research achievements in transition: German scholars’ contribution to economic geographies of knowledge, innovation and new technologies

AbstractThe 2018 Global Conference on Economic Geography in Cologne provides the occasion to take stock of research achievements especially of German geographers in selected fields. This paper reviews, based on a broad range of academic milestone publications, how German scholars have moved forward research frontiers in the field of knowledge, innovation and technology geographies. Which marks did this country’s economic geographers leave on the advancement of conceptual ideas, yet which topics were neglected? And how have they engaged in producing convincing empirical evidence for conceptualized developments? In which ways have German researchers ventured towards informing and supporting effective policies of innovation oriented regional or national development? Conclusively, which qualities can be discerned that specifically mark a ‘German’ approach towards economic geography research on knowledge, innovation and new technologies, telling about strengths and weaknesses with respect to being noticed internationally? Exploring these questions, the paper offers a structured review of exemplary works published in German or English language and points out some distinctive nation-specific features and topical achievements of economic geography research.

Lung Cancer, Histologic Stratification, and Resection Extent: Something for Surgeons to Think About

You would think that thoracic surgeons have plenty to consider when planning for a lung cancer resection in 2013. We have been bombarded with “the small nodule” less than 2 mm, which we have learned can have various inhomogeneities in its computerized tomographic (CT) analysis (1); we have to decide whether the nodule merits a lobectomy (the standard of care) or a sublobar resection (2) (for those heretics in the minority who feel that we don’t need a randomized trial to answer the sublobar vs lobectomy debate); whether we should mark the nodule preoperatively so we will be able to find it because we are sometimes trying to feel a 2-cm sponge within a giant sponge; and whether to perform the case as a video-assisted resection, a robotic resection, or (shudder) as an open procedure with rib resection/spreading. As if those deliberations were not enough, now we must start to worry about whether the (presumed lung cancer) solid or part-solid nodule presented to us on the CT scan has a critical quantifiable element of micropapillary disease, which may be associated with tumor recurrence if we do a wedge resection or a segmentectomy (which, of course, will only be the standard of care for intentional lung cancer resections if this is confirmed by the results of CALGB 140503 “A Phase III Randomized Trial of Lobectomy Versus Sublobar Resection for Small (<2 cm) Peripheral Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer” (3). The article by Nitadori et al. (4) in this issue of the Journal is a continuation of the milestone publications by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society, which have revolutionized the pathologic classification of lung adenocarcinoma (5). As reviewed by Suh (6), the new classification eliminates the categories of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and mixed subtype adenocarcinoma to achieve precise correlations between predominant histologic subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma and survival in surgically resected patients. The Nitadori et al. article (4) retrospectively analyzed 476 lobectomies and 258 limited resections (either by wedge resection or anatomic segmentectomy) at a single institution in patients with lung adenocarcinomas of 2 cm or less. An important validation of the prognostic importance of the new classification system was demonstrated in the patients who had lobectomies for these small tumors; however, this was not seen in the limited resection group. Why is this? Is it because of the heterogeneity of the procedures performed? Is it because of the absence of clear-cut large margins? There are some other intriguing aspects of the limited resection group in these patients that also should be mentioned. The authors specify that the limited resection group is a combination of compromised (77.1%) patients and patients having intentional resection by less than a lobectomy (22.9%). The literature has documented that wedge resections performed in this population have a substantially higher incidence of local recurrence (7,8); yet, in this series the wedge resections (which were 2.6-fold more frequent than segmentectomies) did not reach statistical significance with regard to the cumulative incidence of recurrences compared with segmentectomies. One could speculate that this lack of recurrences in the wedge resection group was because of larger than average margins taken at the time of resection; however, another interesting finding in this series is that the size of the margin in the sublobar resection group did not influence the cumulative incidence of recurrence. This lack of margin size influence is also disturbingly different from publications com

Model predictive control: Review of the three decades of development

Three decades have passed since milestone publications by several industrialists spawned a flurry of research and industrial / commercial activities on model predictive control (MPC). This article reviews major developments and achievements during the three decades and attempts to put a perspective on them. The first decade is characterized by the fast-growing industrial adoption of the technology, primarily in the refining and petrochemical sectors, which sparked much interest and also confusion among the academicians. The second decade saw a number of significant advances in understanding the MPC from a control theoretician’s viewpoint, which included state-space interpretations / formulations and stability proofs. These theoretical triumphs contributed to the makings of the second generation of commercial software, which was significantly enhanced in generality and rigor. The third decade’s main focus has been on the development of “fast MPC,” a term chosen to collectively describe the various efforts to bring orders-of-magnitude improvement in the efficiency of the on-line computation so that the technology can be applied to systems requiring very fast sampling rates. Throughout the three decades of the development, theory and practice supported each other quite effectively, a primary reason for the fast and steady rise of the technology.

Environmental proteomics: Analysis of structure and function of microbial communities

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms make a vital contribution to biogeochemical cycles by decomposing virtually all natural compounds and thereby exert a lasting effect on biosphere and climate. The rapidly growing number of metagenomic sequences together with revolutionary advances in bioinformatics and protein analyses have opened completely new horizons to investigate the molecular basis of such complex processes. Proteomics has contributed substantially to our understanding of individual organisms at the cellular level as it offers excellent possibilities to probe many protein functions and responses simultaneously. However, it has not yet been widely applied in microbial ecology, although most proteins have an intrinsic metabolic function which can be used to relate microbial activities to the identity of defined organisms in multispecies communities. Albeit still in its infancy, environmental proteomics enables simple protein cataloging, comparative and semi-quantitative proteomics, analyses of protein localization, discovery of post-translational modifications, and even determination of amino-acid sequences and genotypes by strain-resolved proteogenomics. This review traces the historical development of environmental proteomics and summarizes milestone publications in the field. In conclusion, we briefly discuss current limitations of microbial community proteomics but also the potential of emerging technologies to shape the future of metaproteome analyses.

Mankind’s place in Nature: the Gale–Brimble years

The co-editorship of A. J. V. Gale and L. J. F. Brimble (1939–61) oversaw milestone publications on human origins. Bill Bynum unearths a treasure trove of palaeoanthropology in post-war Nature. The co-editorship of A. J. V. Gale and L. J. F. Brimble oversaw milestone publications on human origins.

History of the surgical treatment of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow.

Surgery to achieve ulnar nerve decompression at the elbow has been performed for nearly 2 centuries. Several methods have been developed, some of which have been abandoned. Historical insight improves understanding of current techniques and provides the basis for the development of new methods. Which treatment method is best is the topic of ongoing debate. The literature was reviewed using the MEDLINE database. Standard textbooks and retrieved articles were checked for missing references. For older articles, the bibliographies of books and theses were consulted. When I was unsuccessful in finding information in standard biographies of authors of milestone publications, I contacted the hospitals or institutions in which these individuals worked or are currently working. A systematic chronological overview of the surgical treatment of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow is presented, with special attention to people who described a treatment method for the first time. This article is the first in the literature to provide information about and photographs of nearly all of the people who were important in the development of the surgical treatment of compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow.

Soil Remediation Techniques at Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites

The objective of this critical review is to address soil remediation techniques at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites with regard to the following areas: 1) important regulatory and technical issues and information needs concerning soil remediation at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites; 2) approaches for selection of remediation techniques; and 3) the current state of knowledge regarding soil remediation techniques, including applications and limitations. The areas identified above are addressed with regard to current information, selected milestone publications, and specific applications of technologies to provide a synthesis of the topic. The information concerning current issues, approaches, and soil remediation techniques presented was critically reviewed in order to: 1) identify deficiencies in current approaches; 2) develop a conceptual framework for remediation; and 3) recommend improved approaches for selection of remediation technologies.

Research on Institutional Advancement: A Review of Progress and a Guide to the Literature

This article sketches the history of research in institutional advancement and provides an introductory guide to the literature. It presents conceptualizations of research and institutional advancement, describes the evolution of research methods and applications, lists milestone publications, gives examples of major studies in various categories of investigation, reviews the strengths and weaknesses of research to date, examines barriers to progress, and offers suggestions for future directions.