Mild Steel In HCl Solution Research Articles

Synthesis of polyaniline tannate-modified carbon nanotubes by oxidative copolymerization as highly efficient corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in HCl solution

Corrosion is a prevalent issue in industrial production, directly impacting the production process and causing severe damages. To mitigate this problem, corrosion inhibitors are highly desired. Herein, a novel type of nano corrosion inhibitor, referred to as PTCNT, was synthesized through an oxidative copolymerization method utilizing aniline, ammonium persulfate (APS), and tannic acid (TA)-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The results demonstrated that the PTCNT effectively inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution, achieving the corrosion inhibition efficiency of 90.6 % at the concentration of 75 mg/L. Characterization results implied that the PTCNT adsorbed onto the surface of the mild steel, forming a protective shielding layer. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements proved that the PTCNT functioned as the hybrid corrosion inhibitor. Furthermore, the adsorption of PTCNT on the mild steel surface was investigated using adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic modeling. Quantum chemical calculations were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism of PTCNT. These findings raise new avenues for the development of highly efficient corrosion inhibitors for the mild steel in HCl solutions.

Experimental and molecular modeling approach on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in HCl solution with quinoxaline inhibitors

Two new quinoxaline derivatives namely (E)-3-(2-chlorostyryl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (CSQO) & (E)-3-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)quinoxaline-2(1H)one (TVQO) were synthesized and identified through the following methods like infrared (IR) analysis, mass spectrometry,1H NMR and 13C NMR. Weight loss, electrochemical techniques [PDP&SIE], surface analytical techniques [SEM&UV-Visible], quantum chemical calculations [DFT], and MD simulations have all been used to examine the effectiveness of CSQO and TVQO in preventing the corrosion of mild steel. According to the findings of the experiments, the inhibitors CSQO and TVQO effectively suppress the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution, with maximum corrosion inhibition of 97.0 and 95.5% at 10−3 M for CSQO and TVQO, respectively. Based on PDP investigations, CSQO and TVQO function as mixed-type inhibitors, and their adsorption on the MS surface follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the mode of adsorption is chemisorption. Both surface investigations (SEM and UV-Visible) have validated the protective layer that developed on the metal surface. DFT calculations and MD simulations were used to study the association between inhibitor molecular structure [CSQO and TVQO] and inhibitory efficacy, and they closely match the experimental findings.

Experimental and theoretical simulations to examine the influence of nonionic surfactant on the corrosion control of mild steel in hydrochloric acid

The increasing demand for corrosion prevention strategies that are both effective and sustainable is part of the research the background. Nonionic surfactants offer a potential replacement for traditional corrosion inhibitors. These surfactants are well-known for their low toxicity and biodegradability. The research involved conducting experimental tests (such as weight loss, polarization and impedance spectroscopy) and theoretical computations to investigate the role of nonionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene (7) tribenzyl phenyl ether) (PETPE) in controlling the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid (1.0 M HCl) environment. The results of the study demonstrated that PETPE exhibited significant corrosion inhibition properties for mild steel in HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency of PETPE was found to increase with increasing PETPE concentration. PETPE is an excellent corrosion inhibitor because it significantly reduces the rate of corrosion, as seen by the notable inhibition efficiency result (95.4%) at a relatively low dose of PETPE (100 ppm). Thermodynamic studies were used to discuss the fundamental mechanisms that control PETPE-acid interactions. The adsorption process followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating a monolayer adsorption of the PETPE on the mild surface. Theoretical computations confirm the strong inhibition behavior of PETPE. The innovative feature of this research is its comprehensive strategy, which integrates experimental studies and theoretical simulations to evaluate the impact of PETPE on the corrosion control of mild steel in hydrochloric acid. The combined effort has the ability to supply valuable knowledge into the mechanisms of corrosion that will lead to the establishment of powerful corrosion control strategies.

Investigating the corrosion inhibition properties of a Schiff base on mild steel in HCl solution: experimental and theoretical insights

Investigating the corrosion inhibition properties of a Schiff base on mild steel in HCl solution: experimental and theoretical insights

Exploring the Effectiveness of 3-Chloro-4-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazole as a Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl Solution: Experimental and DFT Analysis

Corrosion is a significant issue in many industries, particularly where metals are exposed to harsh chemical environments. This study investigates the efficacy of 3-Chloro-4-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazole (CMTD) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution across a temperature range of 303–333 K. Using weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization techniques, the inhibition efficiency of CMTD was evaluated at different concentrations and temperatures. The results show that CMTD achieves a maximum inhibition efficiency of 96.8% at a highest inhibitor concentration, even at elevated temperatures. The adsorption of CMTD on the mild steel surface follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with a calculated free energy of adsorption (ΔGads) of -39.5 kJ/mol, confirming a spontaneous chemisorption process. Quantum chemical Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies further elucidated the relationship between CMTD's molecular structure and its inhibition efficiency. Key parameters, including the energy gap (Egap = 3.551 eV), highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO = -6.317 eV), and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO = -2.766eV), were calculated to understand CMTD's reactivity. Additionally, global reactivity descriptors such as chemical hardness (η), electronegativity (χ), and the electron fraction transferred (ΔN) from CMTD to the iron surface were analyzed. These findings suggest that CMTD is highly effective in preventing corrosion and can be applied in industries where mild steel is exposed to acidic environments, such as in petrochemical and industrial cleaning processes.

A multianalytical approach to benzodiazepine derivatives for the corrosion protection of mild steel in HCl solutions: Electrochemical analysis, SEM/EDX, XPS, DFT, and MDS calculations

A multianalytical approach to benzodiazepine derivatives for the corrosion protection of mild steel in HCl solutions: Electrochemical analysis, SEM/EDX, XPS, DFT, and MDS calculations

Insight into the corrosion inhibition performance of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride acrylamide copolymer for mild steel in acidic solution

Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride acrylamide (DADMAC-AAM) copolymer was firstly applied as a novel corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic solution. Electrochemical, theoretical and computational methods were performed to illustrate the corrosion inhibition mechanism of DADMAC-AAM. Results of electrochemical tests indicated that DADMAC-AAM effectively slowed down corrosion rate of mild steel in HCl solution as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. Its corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with dosage, and the maximum value reached about 92.44 % with adding 100 mg/L. In-situ scanning vibration electrode technique illustrated that the corrosion inhibition performance of DADMAC-AAM increased with immersion time. Metal surface was covered with a dense hydrophobic film due to the physical-chemical adsorption of DADMAC-AAM molecules, and the adsorption behavior obeyed to the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model. Theoretical calculations were carried out to explain the corrosion inhibition mechanism, and the increase of active energy indicated that the strong inhibitive action of DADMAC-AAM molecule could be due to the increase of activation energy barrier of corrosion reaction. Results obtained from computational simulations proved that DMDMAC-AAM molecules adsorbed on metal surface through interactions between N or O and Fe atoms. This adsorption film could retard the invasion of corrosive species, thus protecting metal from corrosion.

Experimental and DFT analysis of the concentration dependency of corrosion inhibition by a pyridine Schiff base for mild steel in HCl solution

In the present article, we studied the corrosion inhibition of the pyridine Schiff base N, N´-bis(4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde)-2, 6-pyridinediamine (4-DMBPy) during the corrosion of mild steel AISI 1020 in a 0.1 M HCl solution. The electrochemical analysis by potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that the Schiff base promotes a protective efficiency up to 81 % at 25 ppm, followed by a decrease at higher concentrations.The Schiff base – surface interactions follow a Freundlich isotherm, indicating a physical adsorption mechanism. The theoretical calculus by Fukui function and dual reactivity descriptors confirmed the physical interaction with mild steel and the low reactivity of the adsorbed species that led to corrosion protection affecting the cathodic and anodic reactions. The quantum calculations by density functional theory (DFT) indicated that protective efficiency decreases due to the tendency to interact with each other. These interactions led to the formation of molecular aggregates and a desorption process. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations exhibited that the 4-DMBPy molecule preferred to arrange parallel to the Fe (110) surface through physical adsorption. The results were complemented by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses to reveal the further information about the corrosion process and the effect of the 4-DMBPy Schiff base as a corrosion inhibitor.

Novel biomass-derived corrosion inhibitor based on maleic and succinic acid for mild steel in HCl solution

Developing a sustainable and environmentally friendly inhibitor remains an essential and challenging goal for corrosion control. Here, aminoamide molecules were synthesized from maleic and succinic acids and applied as a novel biomass-derived corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in an HCl solution. The modification process of these molecules can increase their anticorrosive capacity, a fact verified in gravimetric tests, where inhibitors (1) and (2) achieved inhibition efficiency of ∼90 % (2 h immersion and 1 × 10–3 mol L–1). XPS spectra, apparent activation energy increase with inhibitor addition, adsorption Gibbs free energy of the inhibitors, and theoretical calculations show that the adsorption of the inhibitors on the metal surface is physical. This work provides a viable alternative to using a novel biomass-derived corrosion inhibitor.

Optimization and Predictive Modelling of Gravimetric Corrosion Characteristic of Irvingia Gabonensis Leaves Extracts as Anti Corrosion Inhibitor of Mild Steel in HCl Solution

In this research, the optimization and predictive modeling of gravimetric corrosion characteristics of Irvingia gabonensis leaf extracts (IGLE) as an anti-corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in hydrochloric acid were investigated. Design expert software version 11 were used to analyze the corrosion inhibition-related process characteristics, such as inhibition efficiency, corrosion rate, and weight loss, and their relationships. An effort were made to obtain the optimal conditions for these corrosion inhibition-related process characteristics. Weight loss measurement and design methodology were used for the evaluation of the inhibition efficiency of IGLE for mild steel in HCl. The corrosion inhibition process variables were optimized and predictive regression models were developed using Box-Behnken tool of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The findings showed that there were a good fit between the model predictions and the experimental results. The quadratic models developed were significant with P value less than 0.05. The research established an inhibition efficiency of 88.9%, a corrosion rate of 0.143mm/yr, and a weight loss of 0.02 g, which were obtained at the optimum conditions of an extract concentration of 0.6 g/L, an immersion time of 16 hrs, and a temperature of 298K.Therefore, the models were considered ideal for prediction with a confidence level of 95%, and the optimal combination is suitable for the corrosion inhibition process design. Hence these models can be recommended for applications such as oil well acidizing and pickling pipelines.

Synsepalum dulcificum extract as green corrosion inhibitor for acid corrosion of mild steel in HCl solution

Anticorrosive potential of Synsepalum dulcificum leaf extract on the corrosion of mild steel in HCl solution was investigated using chemical technique. The extract inhibited the deterioration of mild steel in HCl solution and the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentration of the extract at 30o C. The results obtained showed that inhibition was as a result of the adsorption of the inhibitor molecule onto mild steel surface and the adsorption obeyed Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherm.

Exploring corrosion protection for mild steel in HCl solution: An experimental and theoretical analysis of an antipyrine derivative as an anticorrosion agent

AbstractThe corrosion of mild steel in HCl solution remains a critical issue in various industrial applications. In the quest for effective corrosion inhibitors, 4‐(2‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methoxybenzylideneamino) antipyrine (HMBA) has emerged as a promising candidate. This study investigates the inhibitory properties of HMBA on mild steel corrosion in HCl solution through weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques. The experiments spanned over various time periods, including 1, 5, 10, 24, and 48 h. The results reveal that HMBA exhibits exceptional inhibition efficiency (IE), with an impressive 94.7% inhibition rate. This outstanding performance underscores its potential as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in aggressive HCl environments. To elucidate the adsorption behavior of HMBA on the mild steel surface, Langmuir isotherm modeling was employed, demonstrating a strong correlation between the experimental data and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Furthermore, the study employs density functional theory (DFT) to gain insight into the mechanism of HMBA inhibition. DFT calculations suggest that both physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms are involved in the interaction between HMBA and the mild steel surface. The calculated Gibbs free energy of adsorption () is found to be approximately , indicating a spontaneous and energetically favorable adsorption process. In conclusion, HMBA emerges as a highly effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution, offering impressive IE over various time intervals. The combination of experimental techniques, such as WL, EIS, and PDP, along with computational insights from DFT calculations, provides an understanding of the inhibitory properties of HMBA. These findings hold great promise for the development of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors in industrial applications.

1,4-Phenylenediamine-based Schiff bases as eco-friendly and efficient corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in HCl medium: Experimental and theoretical approaches

The application of Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitors is one of the economic, practical, and effective techniques to retard metal corrosion in aggressive environment. The continuous exploration of novel, lower-cost, more efficient, and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors is an everlasting pursuit of excellence. In this study, two 1,4-phenylenediamine-based single Schiff base isomers, (E)-4-((pyridin-2-yl-methylene)amino)aniline (PMAA2) and (E)-4-((pyridin-3-ylmethylene)amino)aniline (PMAA3), were synthesized by one-step reaction. The corrosion inhibition mechanism and structure–activity relationship of PMAA2 and PMAA3 for mild steel in HCl solution were analyzed using electrochemical and weight loss experiments, morphology analysis, density functional theory (DFT) calculation, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The results demonstrated that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of PMAA2 and PMAA3 exhibited an increasing trend with the elevation of inhibitor concentration while showing a slight decrease with the temperature rise. The optimal corrosion inhibition efficiency for 800 mg L−1 PMAA2 and PMAA3 in 1.0 mol L−1 HCl solution is 90.88 % and 91.78 % at 303 K respectively by using weight loss experiment. The electrochemical experiment results indicated that PMAA2 and PMAA3 are mixed-type corrosion inhibitors, with a preponderant control of anodic dissolution. Both the thermodynamics of adsorption and the kinetic of corrosion reaction were evaluated and discussed in detail. Their adsorption upon mild steel complies with Langmuir adsorption isotherm and is involved in phys- and chemisorption concurrently. The results from surfacemorphologyanalysis exhibited that a dense protective film on the surface of mild steel is formed through inhibitor adsorption, which results in changes in the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the metal surface. The calculations of DFT and Fukui index also indicated that both the neutral and pronated species of PMAA2 and PMAA3 possess donor–acceptor interactions with the surface iron atoms through both forward and back-donations. Furthermore,MD simulations further revealed that the neutral molecules as neat-flat and parallel orientation are adsorbed strongly on the Fe (110) surface but the pronated species perform in bent fashion on the Fe (110) surface. Based on the experimental analysis and the theoretical calculation, a possible adsorption and corrosion inhibition mechanism was proposed rationally. These findings display good correlations between the experimental investigation and the theoretical computation and are of fundamental importance to understanding the adsorption and corrosion inhibition mechanisms of the inhibitors.

Green Synthesis and Zinc-Oxide Nanoparticles for Corrosion Inhibition and Modeling Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solutions

Green Synthesis and Zinc-Oxide Nanoparticles for Corrosion Inhibition and Modeling Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solutions

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solution Using MPO: Experimental and Theoretical Insights

Corrosion is a pervasive challenge in various industrial applications, particularly in acidic environments. This comprehensive study delves into the effectiveness of 2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane (MPO) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel exposed to hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions. The investigation employs weight loss techniques to assess the inhibitor's performance over varying durations (ranging from 1 to 48 hours) and concentrations (0.1 to 1 mM). At a concentration of 0.5 mM, the inhibitor demonstrates impressive inhibitory efficiency, ranging from 87.6% at 303 K to 92.9% at 333 K during a 5-hour exposure period. Additionally, the impact of temperature on the corrosion inhibition process is examined at temperatures of 303, 313, 323, and 333 K, showing substantial inhibition efficiencies. Quantum chemical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods elucidate the molecular interactions between MPO and the metal surface. Notably, the analysis of EHOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital Energy), ELUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital Energy), Egap (Energy Gap), total hardness (η), electronegativity (χ), and electron fraction transition atom (ΔN) reveals valuable insights into MPO's corrosion inhibition capabilities. The outcomes underscore MPO's potential as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl environments, laying the groundwork for more efficient corrosion prevention strategies in industrial settings.

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed-derived nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur carbon quantum dot as an inhibitor of corrosion for mild steel in HCl solution

In this work, an endogenous self-doping N,P,S-CQDs was synthesized by the acid hydrolysis of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima) and its performance as a corrosion inhibitor was evaluated. Mild steel (MS) is one of the most used materials in the industry; however, it has low corrosion resistance in acidic environments. Pumpkin is cultivated worldwide, and this compositional characteristic makes pumpkin seeds a great alternative as a raw material to produce CQDs. The results show that endogenous self-doping CQD was successfully obtained with a size distribution smaller than 10 nm. The N,P,S-CQDs presented 91.3% at 60 ppm and 94.6% at 10 ppm as maximum inhibition efficiency after 2 and 24 h immersion, respectively. Activation energy studies, XPS analysis, and isotherm studies show that the inhibition mechanism occurs through physical interaction. These results show an excellent alternative for using pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima), an agroindustry waste, as a corrosion inhibitor.

Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solution by Novel Anthraquinone Derivative: Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solution by Novel Anthraquinone Derivative: Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

Natural chitosan-based carbon dots as an eco-friendly and effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution

Polysaccharide chitosan and L-histidine were applied to synthesize chitosan-based carbon dots (CA-CDs) by a simple laser ablation method. After characterization of the CA-CDs by FT-IR, UV–vis, Raman, XRD, TEM, and XPS, the CA-CDs were introduced as an eco-friendly and high-performance corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 1.0 M HCl solution. The inhibition action and mechanism of CA-CDs were determined by weight loss and electrochemical measurements, in combination with SEM, AFM, and XPS. The results show that CA-CDs as mixed-type inhibitors could effectively weaken the corrosion of MS in 1.0 M HCl solution, and their maximum inhibition efficiency reaches 97.4 % at 40 mg L−1. The adsorption behavior of CA-CDs well obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm containing both chemisorption and physisorption. The chemisorption mainly results from the multiple adsorption sites in the CA-CDs, and the physical adsorption is due to the blocking and barrier effect of CA-CD nanoparticles. Both adsorption behaviors were proposed to elucidate the corrosion inhibition mechanism of CA-CDs.

Enhanced adsorption films of dendrimers on mild steel for super protection

ABSTRACT This study employed metronidazole skeletons based on the target branched molecules (TBMs) for achieving efficient anti-corrosion of mild steel in HCl solution. In contrast, the reference linear molecules (RLMs) carrying a single metronidazole framework were also made. The excellent corrosion resistance performance of the target dendrimers for mild steel electrodes in HCl solution was demonstrated. It is shown that the TBMs displayed a superior anti-corrosion effect for mild steel over RLMs in HCl medium at 298 K (at 0.15 mol/L, TBM1, 97.70% versus RLM1, 90.89%). It is shown that the standard Gibbs free energy changes of the adsorption of the TBMs on mild steel surface are below −33 kJ/mol (TBM1, −34.58 kJ/mol), thus an enhanced adsorption film was formed.

A combined experimental and theoretical approach effect of a benzimidazolium salt as a new corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in HCl solution

A combined experimental and theoretical approach effect of a benzimidazolium salt as a new corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in HCl solution