Mild Oxygen Research Articles

Effects of mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy for running performance in junior male athletes

Effects of mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy for running performance in junior male athletes

A Strategic Synthesis of Orange Waste-Derived Porous Carbon via a Freeze-Drying Method: Morphological Characterization and Cytocompatibility Evaluation.

Porous carbon materials from food waste have gained growing interest worldwide for multiple applications due to their natural abundance and the sustainability of the raw materials and the cost-effective synthetic processing. Herein, orange waste-derived porous carbon (OWPC) was developed through a freeze-drying method to prevent the demolition of the original biomass structure and then was pyrolyzed to create a large number of micro, meso and macro pores. The novelty of this work lies in the fact of using the macro-channels of the orange waste in order to create a macroporous network via the freeze-drying method which remains after the pyrolysis steps and creates space for the development of different types of porous in the micro and meso scale in a controlled way. The results showed the successful preparation of a porous carbon material with a high specific surface area of 644 m2 g-1 without any physical or chemical activation. The material's cytocompatibility was also investigated against a fibroblast cell line (NIH/3T3 cells). OWPC triggered a mild intracellular reactive oxygen species production without initiating apoptosis or severely affecting cell proliferation and survival. The combination of their physicochemical characteristics and high cytocompatibility renders them promising materials for further use in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

Mild hyperbaric oxygen exposure protects heart during ischemia/reperfusion and affects vascular relaxation.

Mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy (mHBOT) is an adjuvant therapy used in conditions where tissue oxygenation is reduced and is implemented using pressures less than 1.5 ATA and 100% O2 (instead of the classical HBOT at 1.9-3 ATA) which results in cheaper, easier to implement, and equally effective. mHBOT is offered for wellness and beauty and as an anti-aging strategy, in spite of the absence of studies on the cardiovascular system. Consequently, we investigated the impact of mHBOT on the cardiovascular system. Mechanical and energetic parameters of isolated heart submitted to ischemia/reperfusion injury and arterial contractile response from mHBOT-exposed rats were evaluated. In the heart, mHBOT increased pre-ischemic velocity of contraction and ischemic end-diastolic pressure and developed pressure and contractile economy during reperfusion. mHBOT decreased infarct size and increased the plasma nitrite levels. In the artery, mHBOT increased acetylcholine sensitivity. mHBOT protects the heart during ischemia/reperfusion and affects vascular relaxation.

BBB-penetrating magnetoelectric nanoparticles with sustainable Gel formulation for enhanced chemotherapy and reduced postoperative glioma recurrence

Overcoming blood–brain barrier (BBB), reducing drug resistance and inhibiting postoperative recurrence are the huge challenges of glioma treatment. Herein, a magnetoelectric nanoparticle, applying CoFe2O4 as magnetic core, BaTiO3 as piezoelectric shell and polyethylene glycol-connected I6P8 peptide as surface coating (CBPI), was used for glioma-targeted treatment. This nanoparticle could down-regulate tight junction proteins of BBB via magnetoelectric effect, synergized with I6P8 peptide, to achieve the enhanced BBB permeability and glioma targeting. Under magnetic field activation, this nanoparticle, after doxorubicin loading to formulate CBPID, could accomplish magnetoelectricity and pH-responsive drug release, and generate mild reactive oxygen species to sensitize the chemotherapy through c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation pathway. Importantly, CBPID facilitated intraoperative cavity administration with magnetic immobilization after easy doping to Surgiflo filler, benefiting the repeated magnetoelectric-activated therapy to inhibit glioma postoperative recurrence. Moreover, CBPID could be mostly excreted through feces after intravenous injection, which did not cause obvious blood and organ abnormalities and even improved the behavioral abnormalities caused by glioma.

A responsive nanoplatform with molecular and structural imaging capacity for assisting accurate diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis

Accurate early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and prompt implementation of appropriate treatment approaches are crucial. In the clinic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been recommended for implementation to aid in the precise and early diagnosis of RA. However, they are still limited by issues regarding specificity and their ability to capture comprehensive information about the pathological features. Herein, a responsive multifunctional nanoplatform with targeting capabilities (hMnO2-IR@BSA-PEG-FA) is constructed through integrating a RA microenvironment-responsive MRI contrast agent with activatable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging, aiming to simultaneously acquire comprehensive pathological features of RA from both structural and molecular imaging perspectives. Moreover, taking advantage of its targeting function to synovial microphages, hMnO2-IR@BSA-PEG-FA demonstrated a remarkable capability to accumulate effectively at the synovial tissue. Additionally, hMnO2 responded to the mild acidity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the RA microenvironment, leading to the controlled release of Mn2+ ions and IR780, which separately caused special MRI contrast enhancement of synovial tissues and sensitively demonstrated the presence of ROS and weakly acid microenvironment by NIR imaging. Consequently, hMnO2-IR@BSA-PEG-FA is expected to serve as a promising nanoplatform, offering valuable assistance in the precise diagnosis of early-stage RA by specially providing comprehensive information about the pathological features.

Effects of mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy on timing sequence recovery of muscle fatigue in chinese university male athletes

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the timing sequence recovery effects of single and repeated Mild Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (MHOT) on muscle fatigue induced by cycling exercise through a comprehensive set of parameters. MethodsThis study employed a controlled crossover design involving 12 Chinese secondary national-level male athletes. Each participant completed two identical trials over six days. Each trial consisted of a 90-min cycling exercise followed by either a Control (CON) intervention (1 atm absolute (ATA), 20.9 % oxygen, 60 min) or MHOT intervention (1.25 ATA, 26%–28 % oxygen, 60 min). Various physiological parameters including Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Heart Rate (HR), Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO2), Perfusion Index (PI%), Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Lactic Acid (LA), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Standing Long Jump Distance (SLJ) were measured at six different time points throughout the trials. ResultsRPE revealed that the MHOT group experienced reduced subjective fatigue in comparison to the CON group (P < 0.05). Additionally, MHOT demonstrated quicker recovery in HR and PI% compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). Regarding CK, LA, BUN, SOD, and MDA levels, the MHOT group exhibited accelerated recovery post-6 intervention and at the 24-h mark after six interventions, showing significant improvement over the CON group (P < 0.05). However, no notable disparity was observed between groups concerning SpO2, LDH, and SLJ. ConclusionsBoth single and repeated sessions of MHOT demonstrated efficacy in alleviating subjective fatigue and promoting recovery of heart rate and blood perfusion following muscle fatigue, ensuring parallel structure and consistency in their effects. Repeated MHOT sessions (six times) exhibit a significant reduction in levels of blood markers associated with muscle damage, metabolites, and oxidative stress. However, the impact of a single MHOT intervention was less pronounced.

Patients with CTEPH and mild hemodynamic severity of disease improve to a similar level of exercise capacity after pulmonary endarterectomy compared to patients with severe hemodynamic disease.

The correlation between hemodynamics and degree of pulmonary vascular obstruction (PVO) is known to be poor in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH), which makes the selection of patients eligible for pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) challenging. It can be postulated that patients with similar PVO but different hemodynamic severity have different postoperative hemodynamics and exercise capacity. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of PEA on hemodynamics and exercise physiology in mild and severe CTEPH patients. We retrospectively studied 18 CTEPH patients with a mild hemodynamic profile (mean pulmonary arterial pressure[mPAP] between 25 and 30 mmHg at rest) and CTEPH patients with a more severe hemodynamic profile (mPAP > 30 mmHg), matched by age, gender, and PVO. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters were evaluated at baseline and 18 months following PEA. At baseline, exercise capacity, defined as oxygen uptake, was less severely impaired in the mild CTEPH group compared to the severe CTEPH group. After PEA, in the mild CTEPH group, ventilatory efficiency and oxygen pulse improved significantly (p < 0.05), however, the change in ventilatory efficiency and oxygen pulse was smaller compared to the severe CTEPH group. Only in the severe CTEPH group exercise capacity improved significantly (p < 0.001). Hence, in the present study, postoperative hemodynamic outcome and the CPET-determined recovery of exercise capacity in mild CTEPH patients did not differ from a matched group of severe CTEPH patients.

Mild hyperthermia-assisted chitosan hydrogel with photothermal antibacterial property and CAT-like activity for infected wound healing

Infected wounds pose a serious threat to public health and pose a significant challenge and financial burden worldwide. The treatment of infected wounds is now an urgent problem to be solved. Herein, mild hyperthermia-assisted hydrogels composed of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs), oxidized dextran (Odex), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and PtNPs@PVP (CAT-like nanoenzymes) were proposed for the repair of infected wounds. The incorporation of PtNPs@PVP nanoenzymes give the hydrogels excellent photothermal property and CAT-like activity. When the temperature is maintained at 42–45 °C under 808 nm near infrared (NIR) exposure, the CMCs/Odex/EGCG/Nanoenzymes (COEN2) hydrogel demonstrated highly enhanced antibacterial ability (95.9 % in vivo), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging ratio (85.1 % in vitro) and oxygen supply (20.7 mg/L in vitro). Furthermore, this mild-heat stimulation also promoted angiogenesis in the damaged skin area. Overall, this multifunctional hydrogel with antibacterial, antioxidant, oxygen supply, hemostasis, and angiogenesis capabilities has shown great promise in the repair of infected wounds. This study establishes the paradigm of enhanced infected wound healing by mild hyperthermia-assisted H2O2 scavenging, oxygen supplemental, and photothermal antibacterial hydrogels.

Mild oxygen plasma-treated nickel oxides for performance enhancement of hybrid perovskite light-emitting diodes

Nickel oxide (NiOx), a representative transparent p-type semiconductor, has been a promising candidate for hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite-based photovoltaic and light-emitting diode (LED) devices due to its high chemical stability and high transparency. However, the interface between the NiOx and perovskite emission layers shows a relatively large electrical barrier for the holes to be transported, which degrades the interfacial electrical properties. To overcome these problems, we suggest a mild oxygen plasma treatment on the NiOx surface to introduce Ni vacancies while retaining its advantages. By controllably forming the Ni vacancies, the hole concentrations could be controlled, which modulated the valence band edge level. This increases the work function of NiOx from 4.979 to 5.364 eV, which facilitates the hole transport at the interface between NiOx HTL and the perovskite emission layer. Ultimately, the overall process leads to improved electroluminescence intensity, reduced driving voltage reduction, and low charge trap density at the interface between the NiOx HTL and the perovskite emission layers. These eventually improved the external quantum efficiency of the perovskite light-emitting diodes.

The Effect of 6-Meter Underwater Diving Intervention on Recovery of Exercise-Induced Fatigue

Objective: To evaluate the effect of 6-meter underwater diving on recovery of exercise-induced fatigue and explore the potential mechanism. Method: Thirty-three male sophomores majored in physical education were included in this self-control, cross-over study. The fatigue was induced through programed swimming exercise at same intensity for both control and intervention groups. After exercise-induced fatigue, the subjects recovered through sitting on the floor and 6-meter underwater diving for 15 minutes in control and intervention groups respectively. The parameters observed included Heart Rate (HR), Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF), Simple Reaction Time (SRT) and Standing Long Jump (SLJ). Results: The HR was faster after exercise and recovery compared to that before exercise in both groups. SLJ was shorter after recovery compared to before exercise fatigue in both groups. After diving recovery, the CFF was lower than that before exercise fatigue, while the index of SRT was higher than that before exercise fatigue. Compared with the control group, the HR and SRT were significantly lower, but the SLJ and CFF were significantly higher in the intervention group than those of control group (HR, p&lt;0.05; SRT, p&lt;0.01, SLJ, CFF p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: The fatigue recovery effect of 6m underwater environment is better than that of land recovery. The low temperature, mild hyperbaric oxygen, water pressure and buoyancy in under water environment may promote the repair of muscle and motor nerve after exercise and improve the exercise performance after intervention.

Patient Safety during Propofol Sedation before and after Implementation of Capnography Monitoring.

Endoscopic procedures are routinely applied to cancer screening programs and surveillance. The preferred technique is usually deep sedation with propofol being a convenient agent allowing for a quicker patient recovery while maintaining a similar safety profile compared to traditional agents. However, adverse events, including respiratory depression and consequent undesirable cardiovascular side effects, may occur. The goal of this work is to evaluate the patient safety impact of adding capnography during endoscopic procedures under deep propofol sedation. Data were retrospectively collected from patients undergoing deep, procedural sedation for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in October 2019 to January 2021 in a single Turkish university hospital. Included in the analysis were all adult patients classified by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) as I-IV, who were scheduled for GI endoscopy utilizing propofol alone or in combination. Data on 1840 patients were collected, of whom 1610 (730 pre- and 880 post-capnography implemention) met inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was a change in the composite incidence of mild oxygen desaturation (SpO2 75-90% for <60 s), severe oxygen desaturation (SpO2 < 75% anytime or <90% for >60 s), bradycardia (<60 ppm), and tachycardia (>25% from baseline). Without capnography, on average, 7.5 events of the primary endpoint were observed per 100 procedures and 2.9 with additional capnography monitoring (p < 0.001). A significant reduction was observed for mild oxygen desaturation, with a resulting odds ratio of 0.25 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.46). ASA I patients had the highest difference in combined incidence of any oxygen desaturation of 5.85% in the pre-capnography group and 0.64% in the post-capnography group. Although procedural sedation using propofol is not associated with severe adverse events, the incidence of composite adverse events could be reduced with the addition of capnography monitoring.

Rapid synthesis and characterizations of defect-enhanced WO3-δ thin film electrode for effective energy storage application in asymmetric supercapacitor devices

Oxygen vacancy-doped WO3-δ thin film electrode with improved conductivity and high areal capacitance was synthesized via mild electrochemical oxygen de-intercalation of electrodeposited WO3 thin film. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of monoclinic phase W18O49 of the doped thin film electrode. Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of lower valence W5+ in the WO3-δ film. Electrical characterizations of doped WO3-δ and undoped WO3 films show that the doped electrode exhibits far lower sheet resistance and resistivity than the undoped WO3 sample. Mott-Schottky analysis of the samples shows that the vacancy-doped WO3-x possesses a higher donor concentration than the stoichiometric WO3. Electrochemical characterizations by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD,) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed the superior pseudocapacitive charge storage metrics via its improved volumetric capacitance of 366.12 F·cm−3 (16.0 mF·cm−2) and reduced equivalent series as well as charge transfer resistance over WO3 thin film. This study demonstrated the synthesis of oxygen vacancy-doped WO3-δ thin film using a homemade two-electrode cell facility instead of the popular energy-consuming vacuum-assisted film deposition under controlled-atmosphere conditions. Besides, the vacancy-doped WO3-δ electrode shows a strong charge storage capability in the far negative operating potential range, indicating its suitability as an anode electrode for fabricating high-energy asymmetric supercapacitors.

Exogenous L-lactate administration in rat hippocampus increases expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defense.

L-lactate plays a critical role in learning and memory. Studies in rats showed that administration of exogenous L-lactate into the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus (HPC) improved decision-making and enhanced long-term memory formation, respectively. Although the molecular mechanisms by which L-lactate confers its beneficial effect are an active area of investigations, one recent study found that L-lactate supplementation results in a mild reactive oxygen species burst and induction of pro-survival pathways. To further investigate the molecular changes induced by L-lactate, we injected rats with either L-lactate or artificial CSF bilaterally into the dorsal HPC and collected the HPC after 60 minutes for mass spectrometry. We identified increased levels of several proteins that include SIRT3, KIF5B, OXR1, PYGM, and ATG7 in the HPC of the L-lactate treated rats. SIRT3 (Sirtuin 3) is a key regulator of mitochondrial functions and homeostasis and protects cells against oxidative stress. Further experiments identified increased expression of the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial proteins (ATPB, Cyt-c) as well as increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in the HPC of L-lactate treated rats. OXR1 (Oxidation resistance protein 1) is known to maintain mitochondrial stability. It mitigates the deleterious effects of oxidative damage in neurons by inducing a resistance response against oxidative stress. Together, our study suggests that L-lactate can induce expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defense. These findings create new research avenues to explore their contribution to the L-lactate's beneficial effect in cognitive functions as these cellular responses might enable neurons to generate more ATP to meet energy demand of neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity as well as attenuate the associated oxidative stress.

Hardware-Intrinsic Physical Unclonable Functions by Harnessing Nonlinear Conductance Variation in Oxide Semiconductor-Based Diode

With the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), numerous electronic devices are connected to each other and exchange a vast amount of data via the Internet. As the number of connected devices increases, security concerns have become more significant. As one of the potential solutions for security issues, hardware intrinsic physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are emerging semiconductor devices that exploit inherent randomness generated during the manufacturing process. The unclonable security key generated from PUF can address the inherent limitations of conventional electronic systems which depend solely on software. Although numerous PUFs based on the emerging memory devices requiring switching operations have been proposed, achieving hardware intrinsic PUF with low power consumption remains a key challenge. Here, we demonstrate that the process-induced nonlinear conductance variations of oxide semiconductor-based Schottky diodes provide a suitable source of entropy for the implementation of PUF without switching operation. Using a mild oxygen plasma treatment, the surface electron accumulation layer that forms naturally in oxide semiconductor film can be partially eliminated, resulting in a large variation of nonlinearity as an exotic entropy source. The mild plasma-treated Schottky diodes showed near ideal 50% average uniformity and uniqueness, as well as an ideal entropy value without the need for additional hardware area and power costs. These findings will pave the way for the development of hardware intrinsic PUFs to realize energy-efficient cryptographic hardware.

Mild Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposure Enhances Peripheral Circulatory Natural Killer Cells in Healthy Young Women

Mild hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) enhances oxygen absorption in blood, relieving fatigue without causing oxidative stress. The benefits of mild HBO have been recognized in the treatment of lifestyle-related diseases and hypertension, but no research has been conducted on its effects on immunity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of mild HBO on natural killer (NK) cells and cytokines in healthy young women. This crossover randomized control trial was conducted with 16 healthy young women. Participants were randomly exposed to normobaric oxygen (NBO; 1.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA), 20.8% oxygen) and mild HBO conditions (1.4 ATA, 35-40% oxygen, injected 18L oxygen per minute) in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber for 70 min. Heart rate, parasympathetic activity, NK cell count, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p70 and derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) were measured before and after both exposures. In the NBO condition, parasympathetic activity remained unchanged, whereas after mild HBO exposure, parasympathetic activity was significantly increased. NK cells remained unchanged after NBO exposure, while NK cells were increased after exposure to mild HBO. Exposure to mild HBO did not increase d-ROM values, IL-6 and IL-12p70 protein levels. These findings suggest that exposure to mild HBO can be a useful protocol to increase NK cells by regulating parasympathetic activity via increasing oxygen delivery.

Comprehensive Polarity Regulation of WSe2Field‐Effect Transistors Enabled by Combining Contact Engineering and Plasma Doping

Two‐dimensional semiconductors are considered as promising candidates in next‐generation nanoelectronics. The polarity regulation, however, has been a great obstacle to their applications. Herein, a strategy to comprehensively modulate the polarity of WSe2field‐effect transistors (FETs) by combining contact engineering and plasma doping is demonstrated. N‐type and ambipolar WSe2FETs are obtained by indium (In) and chromium (Cr) contact, respectively. Meanwhile Cr contact and mild oxygen plasma doping are employed simultaneously to realize p‐type WSe2FET. High on/off ratio of ≈107has been achieved for both n‐type and p‐type WSe2FETs. Subsequently, they are connected in series to construct a homogeneous complementary logic inverter and a lateral p–n diode. Anti‐ambipolar transfer characteristics, therefore, are accessed from the inverter. And the forward to backward rectifying ratio reaches 106for the p–n diode. The proposed strategy paves the way for practical applications of WSe2FETs in logic circuits and optoelectronics.

Oxygen-Loss-Induced Structural Degradation in ε-LiVOPO4

The ε-LiVOPO4 cathode for Li-ion batteries has attracted wide attention with its multivalent electronic states and improved discharge capacity of over 300 mAh/g. Oxygen loss stands as a potential cause for structural degradations of the ε-LiVOPO4 cathode and its derivatives but has been barely studied. Through in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy, we probe lattice oxygen loss and the associated structural degradations by spatially and temporally resolving the atomic-scale structural dynamics and phase transformation pathways in ε-LiVOPO4. We demonstrate that the mild oxygen loss at 400 °C induces a topotactic phase transformation of ε-LiVOPO4 → α-Li3V2(PO4)3 in the particle surface via a nucleation and growth mechanism, leading to the formation of a core-shell configuration. The phase transformation can be reversed by switching to an oxidizing environment, in which the α-Li3V2(PO4)3 is reoxidized to ε-LiVOPO4. By contrast, oxygen loss at higher temperatures of 500 and 600 °C results in a high concentration of oxygen vacancies that subsequently induces irreversible structural damages including lattice amorphization and formation of nanocavities. This work illustrates the fundamental mechanisms governing the structural failure of oxide cathodes and underlines possible strategies to overcome such issues by exploiting environmental constraints.

Effects of graphene oxygen content on durability and microstructure of cement mortar composites

• The effect of rGO oxygen concentration on the durability of cement mortar is studied. • Both GO and rGO are beneficial to promote the hydration rate of C 3 A, C 3 S. • Moderately reduced rGO is more beneficial to increase CSH and CH contents in composites compared to GO. • Moderately reduced rGO/cement-mortar composites exhibit high erosion resistance. • The mechanism of rGO enhancing the corrosion resistance had been summarized. Graphene materials have been extensively explored and successfully used to improve the properties of cement-based composites. However, current studies mainly focus on optimizing additional amounts and dispersion modes of graphene. The influence of other parameters, such as graphene crystallinity, size, and oxygen-containing functional group level, on the performance of cement mortar composite is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, a series of reduced graphene oxides (rGO) with different oxygen concentrations were synthesized by controlling two parameters, namely, different concentrations of l -Vitamin C (10, 20, 50, and 70 wt%) and different reduction times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min), and added to the cement-mortar composite at the same dosage. The effect of rGO with different oxygen concentrations on the durability and microstructure of the composites was investigated. The durability results revealed that rGO with mild oxygen group level (i.e., prepared by 50 % l -Vitamin C reduction for 30 min) can remarkably enhance the durability of cement mortar composite material. Adding 0.1 wt% rGO with mild oxygen concentration to the cement mortar caused the initial water absorption and secondary water absorption to decrease by 44.75 % and 31.95 %, respectively, compared with ordinary cement mortar. This enables rGO/cement-mortar composites to have outstanding resistance in harsh erosive environments (i.e., high concentrations of CO 2 ) because rGO promotes the cement hydration reaction and generates more hydration products. Meanwhile, the mild oxygen acid groups on the surface of the rGO act as a neutralizer in a strong alkaline medium, resulting in the formation of calcium carbonate precipitation, which further improves the compactness of the matrix.

The Effectiveness of Torrefied Agricultural Wastes using Conventional Heating

The production of wastes volume from agricultural wastes have led to the selection as a renewable energy feedstock, and it has the opportunity into energy market. A comparison is made between two mode of wastes that is treated (rinse and soaking in water for 12 hours) and raw of coconut husk (CH) tap under torrefaction were investigated. This work has utilized of conventional heating method with mild oxygen concentration for the properties and combustion characteristics feedstock output. As such the influenced parameters with size of 750μm, holding temperature at (200, 240, and 280 °C), and residence duration at (20, 40 and 60 minutes) were involved within this torrefaction setup. The combustion behaviour of tested coconut husks marked three discrete zone, whereby the severity setup resulted to increase the fixed carbon (FC) value, thus leading to higher ignition temperature. The changes in mass yield and the increased of honeycomb-like and spongy-like porous structure were recorded for treated coconut husk than of the raw. The functional group results from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test showed a valuable interest of treated mode also been discussed.

Synergistic Effects in N,O-Comodified Carbon Nanotubes Boost Highly Selective Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction to H2 O2.

Electrochemical 2‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a promising route for renewable and on‐site H2O2 production. Oxygen‐rich carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated their high selectivity (≈80%), yet tailoring the composition and structure of carbon nanotubes to further enhance the selectivity and widen working voltage range remains a challenge. Herein, combining formamide condensation coating and mild temperature calcination, a nitrogen and oxygen comodified carbon nanotubes (N,O‐CNTs) electrocatalyst is synthesized, which shows excellent selective (>95%) H2O2 selectivity in a wide voltage range (from 0 to 0.65 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode). It is significantly superior to the corresponding selectivity values of CNTs (≈50% in 0–0.65 V vs RHE) and O‐CNTs (≈80% in 0.3–0.65 V vs RHE). Density functional theory calculations revealed that the C neighbouring to N is the active site. Introducing O‐related species can strengthen the adsorption of intermediates *OOH, while N‐doping can weaken the adsorption of in situ generated *O and optimize the *OOH adsorption energy, thus improving the 2‐electron pathway. With optimized N,O‐CNTs catalysts, a Janus electrode is designed by adjusting the asymmetric wettability to achieve H2O2 productivity of 264.8 mol kgcat –1 h–1.