Mild Levels Of Pain Research Articles

Paediatric laceration repair in the emergency department: post-discharge pain and maladaptive behavioural changes

BackgroundPaediatric laceration repair procedures are common in the ED; however, post-discharge recovery remains understudied. Perioperative research demonstrates that children exhibit maladaptive behavioural changes following stressful and painful medical procedures. This...

Examination of Physical Functions, Activity and Participation in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Aims To examine physical functions, activity, and participation level, and associated factors with participation in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) across the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health-Children and Youth. Methods 49 children (Girl/Boy:28/21) aged between 7 and 18 years (Mean: 13.4 ± 3.3) were included. To evaluate body structure/functioning; pain, fatigue, disease activity, and motor functions were assessed. Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire and Juvenile Arthritis Biopsychosocial and Clinical Questionnaire were used to determine activity level. Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation was used to assess participation. Results Mild level of pain (2.0 ± 2.3), disease activity (2.0 ± 2.3), and fatigue (4.1 ± 4.0) were recorded. Decrease in motor functions was determined in 75% of children, while 61% of whom had activity-related disability. There was mild to moderate participation restrictions, and participation was significantly associated with age (r = –0.29), pain severity (r = –0.31), disease activity (r = –0.39), motor functions (r = 0.33), and activity level (r = –0.43), (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusions Majority of children with JIA have deteriorations in physical functions, activity, and participation. Age, pain, disease activity, motor functions and activity level were associated with participation level. Children with JIA should be regularly evaluated multi-directional and they should be referred to rehabilitation programs to increase functionality and participation.

Pain in head and neck cancer survivors in South Africa: A cross-sectional study

Background: Pain is often a significant symptom in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pain, factors limiting effective pain management, and whether differences in pain management exist between the public and private health sectors in South Africa in HNC patients after they have completed treatment.Methods: A cross-sectional survey using the Brief Pain Inventory was performed on adults over the age of 18 years treated for HNC of any subsite in both a public and private hospital in Cape Town, South Africa.Results: Overall pain scores indicated mild levels of pain and impact on daily activities. The domains of life most affected by pain were general activity, sleep and mood. There was no difference in pain scores between public hospital patients versus those with private insurance. Less than half of the patients reported receiving all their necessary medications. Most of the postoperative pain was managed with paracetamol, tramadol and ibuprofen, with only 12.8% of patients using morphine.Conclusion: This study provides a survey of pain experiences in HNC patients in a middle-income country. Insurance status did not significantly impact pain experiences, indicating equitable access to pain management resources. However, the overall utilisation of morphine and medications used to treat neuropathic pain is low. Further research is needed into the complex factors associated with pain in HNC patients.Contribution: This article is an example of a standard clinical study on patient-reported outcome measures.

Pengaruh Aromaterapi Lavender Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Nyeri Disminore Pada Siswi Kelas XII SMK Kesehatan Mulya Karya Husada Jagakarsa Tahun 2023

Dysminorrhea is pain caused by spasm of the uterine muscles and increased levels of prostaglandins. Pain before or during menstruation is characterized by one of the symptoms that women often experience during menstruation, namely pain in the lower abdomen. Lavender aromatherapy is an alternative treatment method using lavender fragrance containing linalyl acetate which has a relaxing effect on the nervous and muscle systems, while linalool has a relaxing and sedative effect so it is used to relieve menstrual cramps. This study aims to determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy on reducing the level of dysmenorrhea pain in class The data collection method uses the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) menstrual pain measurement questionnaire. The population in this study was 89 respondents and the sample was 20 respondents. The results showed that the average level of pain in female students before being given lavender aromatherapy was moderate pain, after being given lavender aromatherapy showed a mild level of pain, and the pain level before and after being given lavender aromatherapy had a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank T-test which states that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, it can be concluded that there is an effect of lavender aromatherapy on reducing the level of dysmenorrhea pain in class XII female students at Mulya Husada Jagakarsa Health Vocational School in 2023.

Effect of Murrotal Al-Qur’an Audio on First Stage Labor Pain among Maternity Women

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Murrotal Al-quran Audio on first stage labor pain among maternity women in Prof. dr. J. A Latumeten Hospital Maluku Province, Indonesia. The study design is quasy experimental. The population is all maternity women who were in the first stage labor in Januari 2022 which consisted of 68 women. 30 women were selected purposively and agreed to join the study. The inclusion criteria are muslim women who had no hearing problems and labor complication. The intervention was an audio of Murrotal Al-quran Surah Ar-Rahman for 30 minutes. A numeric rating scale was used to measure the pain level before and after intervention. The bivariate analysis was done by Mann Whitney test. The results show that majority of women (60%) experienced a moderate level of pain before and after intervention in the control group. While, in the experiment group, majority of women (60%) experienced moderate level of pain before intervention and majority of them (66,6%) experienced mild level of pain after intervention. The bivariate analysis shows that there was a significant difference of pain score between experiment and control group after intervention (p= .005). In addition, there was a significant difference of pain score before and after intervention in the experiment group (p= .005). There was an effect of Murrotal Al-quran Audio on first stage labor pain among maternity women in Prof. dr. J. A Latumeten Hospital Maluku Province, Indonesia in 2022. The Murrotal Al-quran Audio is effective to decrease labor pain among maternity women. Nurses and midwives who work in the labor room are urged to implement the murroral Al-quran Audio to help maternity women in decreasing labor pain.

A study to assess the effectiveness of hot water application with epsom salt to reduce knee joint pain the among elderly in selected villages at Madurai district

The human life cycle has six main stages namely fetus, infant, child, adolescent, adult, and elderly. People continually and gradually age day to day throughout these stages. Old age is the final stage of human existence. The traditional threshold between middle age and old age is sixty. During the period of old age, the elderly face many illnesses and degenerative diseases. Pain is defined as an unwanted sensation that occurs with varying degrees of severity as a result of illness, injury, or emotional disturbance. But pain is more than an unpleasant sensation. Overall 654.1% million individuals with knee Osteoarthritis in 2020 worldwide. According to a similar finding reported in release, India is likely to notice an endemic of Osteoarthritis with 80% of the patients above 65 years population suffering from wear and tear of joints Osteoarthritis. In Tamil Nadu 43.4% of the elderly population had a complaint of joint pains and stiffness. An aim of the study is to reduce the level of knee joint pain among elderly in selected villages at Madurai district.A quasi experimental research using one group pre-test post-test was conducted with simple random sample of 60 elderly. A modified structure questioner on knee joint pain scale was developed by the researcher to assess level of knee joint pain among elderly. Need based awareness programme in kaithirinagar and also ready the pamphlet on knee joint pain which includes definition, causes, signs and symptoms, and management. This tool will take a part in the future health of the elderly. The Participants or study of the study Maximum 30(50%) belongs to age group of 60-65 Years. The Participants or study of the study include both male and female; Maximum 48(80%) Participants or study are female. In religion, nearly 34(56.66%) of then belongs to Hindu. In this study, Maximum30 (50%) Participants or study have primary education. In occupation, Maximum 22(36.66%) of them was sedentary workers. More than half of the Participants or study 58 (96.66%) have an income below 10,000. Maximum 31 (51.66%) Participants or study were taken treatment 6 months – 1year. Majority 52 (86.66%) Participants or study were mixed vegetarian. Nearly 38 (63.33%) of them taken allopathic. In pre-test, most of them 40 (66.66%) had a severe levels of pain and 20(33.33%) of them had an extreme levels of pain. In the post-test elderly pain, level was reduced that is 47(78.33%) of them had mild levels of pain and 13(21.66%) of them had a moderate levels of pain. The main study concluded that in pre-assessment, the level of knee joint pain among the elderly is moderate and extreme. So the researcher used hot water application with Epsom salt to reduce post-assessment level of knee joint pain. Many of the elderly reported that after application, they feel reduced pain and feel comfortable during work. Hence the researcher feels that along with intervention to conduct a health awareness programme in kaithirinagar and also ready the pamphlet on knee joint pain which includes definition, causes, signs and symptoms, and management. This tool will take a part in the future health of the elderly.

Is acceptance of disease and life satisfaction of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis dependent on BMI?

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease and affects an increasing number of people in the ageing population. Due to its ‛quiet' progress, it gradually impacts on the patient's daily functioning, resulting in reduction, then abandoning of existing forms of life activities and deterioration of mental state. The aim of the study was to analyze the levels of disease acceptance and satisfaction with life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis depending on their body mass index. The study included a group of 198 women, 72.3 ± 8.59 years old, diagnosed with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated in two Osteoporosis Treatment Centers in the city of Lodz. The study used the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and a self-made survey. The mean AIS score was 25.95 ± 10.20 points, which indicated a moderate level of acceptance and adjustment to the disease in the study group. The average level of satisfaction with life assessed on the SWLS was 19.37 ± 7.31 points and indicated moderate life satisfaction. The lowest acceptance of the disease (24.38 ± 11.3 points) was presented by underweight persons, while the lowest satisfaction with life (17.75 ± 7.50 points) was presented by overweight women. The subjects presented a mild level of pain according to the VAS scale (4.87 ± 2.39 points). The highest acceptance of the disease and satisfaction with life was presented by normal weight persons. The levels of disease acceptance and satisfaction with life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis do not differ statistically significantly depending on body mass index. It was indicated that greater acceptance of the disease was accompanied by greater satisfaction with life in people with osteoporosis. Psychological aspects (AIS, SWLS) should be an important component of the assessment of therapy effectiveness in women undergoing a long-term treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Effect of Foot Massage on Incisional Pain and Sleep Pattern among Post Abdominal Surgery Patients

Background: abdominal surgery is a trans-abdominal incision. Persistent postoperative pain is a well-known consequence of this surgery. Foot massage appears to be effective in reducing incisional pain and improve sleep patterns among post abdominal surgery patients. Aim: To assess the effect of foot massage on incisional pain and sleep pattern among post abdominal surgery patients. Subjects and Methods: Design: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in the surgical adult department at El Demerdash Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University. Subject: Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 200 post abdominal surgery patients and were randomly assigned into two groups, 100 for each the experimental and control groups. Three tools were used: (I) a structured interview questionnaire, (II) a numerical pain rating scale, and (III) a sleep quality index scale. Findings: The current study findings showed that during the posttest all post abdominal surgery patients had a mild level of pain in experimental compared to the majority in the control group had a mild level of pain. During the pretest majority of abdominal surgery patients had poor sleep patterns in both the experimental and control group. during the posttest, more than four fifth of the abdominal surgery patients had a good quality of sleep pattern in the experimental group and poor quality of sleep pattern in the control group was among all abdominal surgery patients. The study revealed that there was a difference between mean pretest and posttest scores were found statistically significant at p < 0.05 level in the experimental group regarding pain level and sleep pattern. Conclusion: Foot massage was found to be useful in reducing incisional pain and improving the quality of sleep patterns in post- abdominal surgery patients. Recommendations: Post abdominal surgery patients should be provided with a simple and applicable strategy to control pain and improve sleep patterns.

Two-Year Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Scheker Prosthesis (Aptis) Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty

To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent semiconstrained distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty. A retrospective analysis was performed on a series of patients who underwent distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty with more than a 23-month follow up. The quantitative outcome variables included the visual analog scale for pain; Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score; Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE); and Mayo wrist score. The range of motion, grip strength, torque, and lifting capacity were measured at final follow up and compared with that of the nonsurgical extremity. Complications related to the prosthesis were assessed. Twenty-one patients (mean age 57 years) were assessed at an average 41-month follow up (23-73 months). Fifteen underwent prior hand, wrist, or elbow procedures. Four patients required 5 reoperations. The postoperative median visual analog scale pain score was 0.6 at rest and 2.1 with activity. The median postoperative DASH score was 26.7, PRWE 41, and Mayo wrist score was 65. Upon comparing the supination torque of the operative and intact sides, the operative side was found to average 87% of the intact side on a work simulator and 77% on the simulator's D-ring. Eight of 20 patients had lysis around the collar of the ulnar component (40%), as detected using radiography. Three of 21 (14%) radial plates were malpositioned, with 2 resulting in a fracture. The overall complication rate was 29%. Distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty using the Scheker prosthesis demonstrated good patient pain scores and the restoration of supination strength. The collar lysis resulted in weaker supination and grip strength. Still, the patients experienced mild levels of pain and moderate disability. A moderate complication rate persisted, as reported by other authors. Accurate radial component placement is important. Therapeutic IV.

A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Foot Massage on Incisional pain and sleep pattern among Post Caesarean Mothers admitted in selected hospitals, Hoshiarpur, Punjab

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess effectiveness of foot massage on incisional pain and sleep pattern among post caesarean mothers. Background: Cesarean section (C.S) is the birth of fetus through a trans-abdominal incision in the uterus. Persistent post-operative pain is a well- known consequence of caesarean section. Some studies have found alternative methods such as acuapressure, aromatherapy and massage therapy to be fairly effective for treatment of post caesarean pain and improve the quality of sleep pattern. Foot massage appears to be effective, in expensive, low risk, flexible and easily applied. So, foot massage was used to assess its effect on incisional pain and sleep pattern among post caesarean mothers. Design: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group research design was used with non-probability purposive sampling technique to selected sample. Material and Methods: Sample of 60 post caesarean mothers from selected hospitals, 30 each in experimental group and control group were selected. Assessment of level of incisional pain was done by using standardized numerical pain rating scale whereas assessment of sleep pattern was done by using modified Groningen sleep quality index scale. Analysis was done by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: Findings showed that in experimental group, 93.24% post caesarean mothers had mild level of pain and 6.66% had moderate level of incisional pain. Whereas in control group, 40% had mild level of pain and 60% had moderate level of pain. On the other hand, 93.33 % post caesarean mothers had good sleep and 6.66% had poor quality of sleep pattern. Whereas in control group 100% post caesarean mothers had poor sleep pattern. Conclusion: Thus, the study concluded that the difference between mean pretest and posttest score was found statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05 level in experimental group. Hence, research hypothesis was accepted and it revealed that there was impact of foot massage among post caesarean mothers in experimental group.

A QUASI EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACUPRESSURE ON LABOR PAIN DURING THE FIRST STAGE OF LABOUR AMONG EXPECTANT MOTHERS .

BACKGROUND: Women face a physiological and psychological struggle during labor. When labor approaches, it may be a time of contrasting feelings, with anxiety and anticipation coexisting with optimism and pleasure. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of acupressure on Labor pain during the rst stage of Labor among expectant mothers among experimental and control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The researcher adopted the evaluative research approach. Quasi experimental research design was used by the investigator. The accessible population for the study was mothers during rst stage of labor admitted in Medical College Jabalpur M.P. selected through purposive sampling technique. RESULTS: The majority of participants in the study sample had a mild level of pain, 44 percent had extreme pain, and 4 percent had very severe pain, according to the pretest score anger of pain level. The majority of participants in the control group have a moderate level of pain, 32% have an extreme level of pain, and 12% have slight pain. CONCLUSION: The ndings of this study indicate that non-pharmacologic interventions such as acupressure are successful in promoting relaxing and enhancing forces, allowing women to face the demands of labor. Acupressure is also an accurate, convenient, non-invasive, and cost-effective procedure that can be used in labor without causing harm to the mother or the baby, according to this report

Dexmedetomidine implementation in pain management in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery

BackgroundThis study arose from the need to improve all tasks related to monitoring pain in post cardiac surgery patients. ObjectivesChecking and quantifying the pain suffered by patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the first 24 h of their stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), treated with Dexmedetomidine (Dex) as analgesic adjuvant, as well as their degree of sedation and the need for opiates such as rescue analgesia. Material and MethodsUnicentric study, observational, descriptive, from April 2016 to September 2017. Both genders, all adult, undergoing cardiac surgery, operating theatre-extubated and Dex continuous infusion carriers. Pain degree level was evaluated by the Visual analogue Scale of Pain (VAS), from immediately post-surgery until 24 h from ICU entry and sedation degree, by the Richmond Sedation -Agitation Scale (RASS), only while the Dex infusion lasted. Results109 patients were included. The results obtained showed that the average pain suffered by patients during the first 24 h, was 0.47 with standard deviation (SD) of 1.25; the average maximum pain experienced was 3.58 with a range of 0–8 and the RASS average was -0.68 (SD: 080). In addition, 44.04% of the patients needed rescue opiates, although only 7.32% showed severe pain greater than 6. ConclusionsThe Dex infusion patients showed mild levels of pain, however, a small percentage, who must be taken into account, suffered severe pain.

Patient Perception and Duration of Pain after Microdirect Laryngoscopy.

Postoperative pain is an important part of the patient's surgical experience. The objective was to evaluate patient perception and duration of pain after microdirect laryngoscopy (MDL). Case series with planned data collection. Tertiary care, academic center. Adult patients undergoing MDL were administered the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) before surgery and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 7. Demographic and clinical data were collected. In total, 130 patients (mean age 52.6 years, 84 male) participated in the study. About 46.2% required analgesia on POD 1, but only 23.1% required opioids. Overall, mild levels of pain were reported on the SF-MPQ: sensory score, affective score, total score, present pain intensity (PPI), and visual analog scale (VAS). Patients reported a significant increase in pain on POD 1, with decreases in pain on PODs 3 and 7. Pain score returned to preoperative values for total score and affective score on POD 7 but remained significantly elevated for PPI, VAS, and sensory score. None of the following factors were associated with increased pain: age, sex, body mass index, Mallampati score, Cormack score, laryngoscope used, type of MDL, time under anesthesia, employment status, intubation, Voice Handicap Index 10, and chronic pain history. Although mild levels of pain were reported after MDL, the pain persisted for up to 7 days. No demographic or clinical factors were found to be associated with increased pain. This study was one of the few prospective studies evaluating pain after MDL.

Effectiveness of Ice Compress Application upon the Level of Pain among Patients with Chest Drainage

Effectiveness of Ice Compress Application upon the Level of Pain among Patients with Chest Drainage

Effect of Nursing Guidelines on the Severity of Frozen Shoulder among Patient with Artificial Implanted Pacemaker

Background: Cardiac implanted pacemaker technique and therapies play an essential role in the treatment of some clinical heart disease. These disorders include bradyarrhythmias resulting from dysfunction of the sinus node or the atrioventricular node; implantable pacemakers consider as a life-sustaining devices that can return patients to a normal quality of life. Shoulder pain and disability in the first year after implant one of the complications can occur with implanted pacemaker. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of nursing guidelines on the severity of frozen shoulder among patient with artificial implanted pacemaker, through measuring: 1.The knowledge of patient with artificial implanted pacemaker pre and post implant. 2. The visual analog scale for pain before and after the implant. 3. The disabilities of arm shoulder and hand before and after the implant. Design: A quasi-experimental research design with two groups (control and study) was used to conduct this study. Setting: The study was conducted at outpatient of coronary care unit at EL-Hussein University Hospital. Subject: A purposive sample: The sample size calculated by using Open Ebi version 3. It indicated the sample size was 60 adults patients based on comparing 2 means- 30 for control group and 30 for study group. Tools: Four tools were utilized to collect data in the current study. 1. Patient demographic characteristics 2. Interview questionnaire to assess patients' knowledge (pre-post) 3. A visual analog scale for pain assessment and 4. DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand) tool) it was standardizes. Results: high significant positive difference between pre and post test which reveals improvement in both groups knowledge regarding pacemaker implantation, indication, complication, and follow up at p-value 0.000**. Also study indicates that, an improvement in the measurements of all visual analog scale in both groups but there is a significant improvement in study group which return to mild level of pain at 6 month measurement while the control group still in high moderate level of pain and an improvement in the measurements of all DASH scale in both groups but there is a significant improvement in study group at 6 month measurement with a maximum score 8 /30 which indicate minimum disability. Conclusion: The findings of this study concluded that, there is the frozen shoulder and arm discomfort was improved after implementing arm exercise, so practicing simple educational technique can prevent many of complications can occur to patient with implanted pacemaker. Recommendations Based on the results of the current study the following recommendations are suggested; 1. Designing educational guidelines for nurses, patient and their family about arm exercise and 2. Recommended continuous education for such patient in outpatient clinic

Implementación de la dexmedetomidina en el manejo del dolor en el postoperatorio inmediato de cirugía cardíaca

BackgroundThis study arose from the need to improve all tasks related to monitoring pain in post cardiac surgery patients. ObjectivesChecking and quantifying the pain suffered by patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the first 24hours of their stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), treated with Dexmedetomidine (Dex) as analgesic adjuvant, as well as their degree of sedation and the need for opiates such as rescue analgesia. Material and methodsUnicentric study, observational, descriptive, from April 2016 to September 2017. Both genders, all adult, undergoing cardiac surgery, operating theatre-extubated and Dex continuous infusion carriers. Pain degree level was evaluated by the Visual analogue Scale of Pain (VAS), from immediately post-surgery until 24hours from ICU entry and sedation degree, by the Richmond Sedation Agitation Scale (RASS), only while the Dex infusion lasted. Results109 patients were included. The results obtained showed that the average pain suffered by patients during the first 24hours was .47 with standard deviation (SD) of 1.25; the average maximum pain experienced was 3.58 with a range of 0 to 8 and the RASS average was −.68 (SD: 0,80). In addition, 44.04% of the patients needed rescue opiates, although only 7.32% showed severe pain greater than 6. ConclusionsThe Dex infusion patients showed mild levels of pain, however, a small percentage, who must be taken into account, suffered severe pain.

Comparison of intra-articular injection therapy to physiotherapy techniques in management of shoulder impingement syndrome.

Background: Shoulder impingement syndrome is umbrella term that covers rotator cuff syndrome, tendinitis of muscles of rotator cuff and bursitis in shoulder region. Usually this syndrome is treated conservatively. The treatment options are corticosteroid injections, medical treatment and physical therapy, of which, the most common are injection therapy and physical therapy. Injection therapy is carried out by orthopedic surgeons. However, which treatment is most effective in terms of symptoms relieving and cost effectiveness, yet conflicting. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 1stJuly 2017 to 30thJune 2018. Methods: Comparing effects of two treatments for shoulder impingement syndrome; sub armorial steroid injection, the control group and manual physical therapy, the treatment group. Primary outcomes were Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), to measure endpoint differences. Secondary outcomes included changes in Global Rating of Change (GRC) scale and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores. Trial was conducted in one clinical setup. The collected data was analyzed by Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS 20.00). Results: At baseline of group physical therapy 19(95%) reported severe and 1(5%) moderate level of pain, at numeric rating pain scale. At post treatment of group injection therapy 19(95%) reported severe and 1(5%) moderate level of pain, at numeric rating pain scale. At follow up of group injection therapy 19(95%) reported severe and 1(5%) moderate level of pain, at numeric rating pain scale. At follow up of treatment physical therapy all patients mild level of pain, at numeric rating pain scale. Conclusion: Injection therapy treatment is more effective in improving shoulder impingement syndrome in terms of pain and function than that of physical therapy treatment.

Validation of the range of dry needling with the fascial winding technique in the carpal tunnel using ultrasound

ObjectivesTo use ultrasound imaging to show how the needles in dry needling applied in the carpal tunnel can reach the transverse carpal ligament, acting on it in the form of traction-stretching when the fascial winding technique is performed. The potential associated risks are also assessed. DesignValidation study. ParticipantsHealthy volunteers (n = 18). MethodsFour dry needling needles were applied to the carpal tunnel, only using anatomical references, according to the original approach known as “four-pole carpal dry needling”, and manipulating the needles following the so-called fascial winding technique according to the authors, in the form of unidirectional rotation. An ultrasound recording of the distance reached was then performed, and compared with the mechanical action achieved on the transverse carpal ligament. Results93.1% of the needles placed came into contact with the transverse carpal ligament with traction-stretching of the ligament observed when the needles were manipulated with the fascial winding technique in 80.6%. The mean distance from the tip of the needle to the median nerve was 3.75 mm, with CI95% [3.10, 4.41] and it was 7.78 mm with CI95% [6.64, 8.91] to the ulnar artery. Pain immediately after the technique concluded was of mild intensity, almost nil 10 min later, and non-existent after one week. ConclusionDry needling with fascial winding technique in the carpal tunnel using the four-pole carpal dry needling approach is valid for reaching and traction of the transverse carpal ligament, and may stretch it and relax it. It is also safe with regard to the median nerve and ulnar artery, with a very mild level of pain.

Mindful Yoga for Symptom Management in Metastatic Breast Cancer (S738)

•List at least three characteristics of a comprehensive yoga intervention.•List at least two ways that yoga can help with pain and symptom management. Women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) often report high levels of pain and other disease-related symptoms including fatigue, sleep disturbance, psychological distress, and functional impairment. Yoga and mindfulness interventions have shown promise for improving the management of pain and related symptoms, however they have rarely been tested in patients with advanced disease. We developed a mindful yoga intervention that specifically targets pain and related symptoms and are currently testing its feasibility and preliminary efficacy in women with MBC. Study aims are to test the feasibility and acceptability of the yoga intervention along with its effects on pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, psychological distress, and functional impairment. This presentation will include an overview of the yoga intervention along with preliminary data on feasibility outcomes. Approximately 70 patients will be recruited and randomized to either the yoga intervention or a comparison condition (social support group). Assessments occur at baseline, post-treatment, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Currently 51 patients have been enrolled and completed baseline and post-treatment assessments. The mean age of the sample is 56.5; 24% are African American and 72% are White. At baseline, patients reported mild levels of pain (mean=2.0, SD=1.5 on Brief Pain Inventory) and fatigue (mean=3.4, SD=2.5 on Brief Fatigue Inventory), and moderate levels of psychological distress (mean=11.8, SD=7.0 on Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale). Retention is 84% which contrasts favorably with prior behavioral studies in MBC (retention ≤ 74%). 71% of patients have attended at least 4 of the 8 sessions. There have been no adverse events associated with the yoga intervention. Mindful yoga appears to be a feasible and acceptable approach for symptom management for women with MBC.

Effectiveness of Helfer Skin Tap Technique on Pain during IM Injection

ABSTRACT Materials and Methods: Quantitative approach was used by the investigator to evaluate the objectives of the study. True Experimental research design with two group Pre-test and Post-test only design was selected to achieve the objectives and to fulfill the need for the study. The study was conducted in the general ward of MGMC&RI. The sample selected for the study were 80 patients, 40 in each group (control & experimental). With the help of modified numerical scale is to assess the pain experience by patient during administering the IM injection. Result: In pretest out of 40 subjects in experimental group 12(30%) had mild pain and 25(62.5%) had moderate pain and 03 (7.5%) had severe pain. In control group 02(05%) had mild level of pain and 32(80%) had moderate level of pain and 06 (15%) had severe pain. In post test out of 40 subjects in experimental group 14(35%) had no pain and 24(60%) had mild pain and 2(5%) had moderate pain and. In control group 01(25%) had mild level of pain and 35(87.5%) had moderate level of pain and 04 (10%) had severe pain. The mean, standard deviation of experimental group during pre-test, were 4.4 and 1.48 respectively. In Post-test, the values were Mean 1.48 and Standard deviation 1.32.which reveals that there was a significant reduction in the level of pain by using during IM injection. Conclusion: Subjects in the experimental group expressed more satisfaction about the Helfer skin tap technique in relieving pain. This study proves that Helfer skin tap technique was effective in reduction of the level of pain during IM injection.